Types of basalt wool chimney insulation and pipe insulation technology. All about insulation of pipes of external sewerage Thermal insulation of pipes for outdoor use

When building a country house, do not forget about the insulation of the chimney, since the safety and efficiency of the heating system is one of the main factors in ensuring warmth and comfort. In winter, the chimney freezes, in summer it heats up, and the whole year is under the influence of winds and precipitation. In the practice of modern construction, basalt wool for the chimney is widely used. The material has many useful qualities, the combination of which makes it unique and indispensable.

The main reason for insulating the pipe is to maintain the temperature inside the chimney. The fact is that for the normal operation of the boiler or furnace, good traction is necessary, at which a pressure difference is formed inside and outside the pipe. This, in turn, allows you to productively support combustion and remove its by-products. To create a stable thrust, the pipe must heat up quickly enough.

In addition, it is necessary to minimize the possibility of condensation. The heating boiler or furnace is running intermittently. They periodically turn off and on. At low ambient temperatures and the boiler is turned off, the condensate that has formed in the pipe due to the temperature difference settles on the walls of the chimney and freezes.

During the subsequent switching on of the boiler, a situation is possible when the frozen condensate does not melt, and its layer only increases. As a result, there may be a reduction in thrust due to icing.

Condensation also has a negative effect on the pipe. It consists in coating the walls of the metal chimney with corrosion or the penetration of dampness into the brickwork. It is worth considering that, metal products and use stainless steel, but in the process of exposure to temperature, humidity, as well as improper thermal insulation, the possibility of destruction is high.

It should also be noted that the insulation performs the task of not only insulation, but also thermal insulation. This is important in conditions when the pipe passes near the structural elements of the house made of combustible materials. In this case, the contact temperature of the pipe and the material must be significantly lower than the ignition temperature. This result is quite achievable if you use a chimney insulation, for example, from basalt wool.

Thus, insulated chimneys:

• reduce heat loss in a residential area;
• minimize the formation of condensate on the surface;
• break down more slowly and require less maintenance;
• look more attractive
• protect adjacent surfaces from exposure to high temperatures and condensate: roof, walls, ceilings.

Chimney pipe insulation materials

There are many options for wrapping a metal chimney pipe, as well as a ceramic or brick structure. One of the main selection criteria for use in heating systems is incombustibility and low thermal conductivity.

How to insulate a chimney

The group of heaters include:

• slag solution;
• broken brick;
• cinder-block bricks and slabs;
• fibrous insulation.

The generally recognized leader, according to experts, in practical application is mineral wool. To preserve heat, it uses the most effective heat insulator - air.

To create a heat-insulating layer, it is “preserved” with the help of fibers that prevent air from moving through the thickness of the product. Fibers are obtained from inorganic substances: glass, rocks, sand, limestone. As a result, non-combustible materials for the chimney are created, among which the favorites are slag wool, glass wool and basalt wool.

Non-combustible thermal insulation materials made of slag wool

Slag wool is produced from blast-furnace slag - a vitreous or stone mass obtained as a waste from iron smelting. Thermal conductivity is quite low. Does not burn. However, due to significant shortcomings, it is rarely used for furnace insulation. It is non-hygroscopic and may release acids, and therefore may lead to the destruction of metal parts of the structure. It has low vibration resistance.

In practice, it is used as an insulating material for boilers, refrigerators, pipes, various reinforced concrete and concrete structures in the form of fire-resistant protection or backfill. Cotton wool can be used both independently and with the use of insulators and binders.

Slag wool with a foil layer

Glass wool insulation materials

Glass wool has been one of the most common and inexpensive insulation materials since the last century. It is made from sand, cullet, limestone, borax, soda and dolomite. It has excellent thermal insulation performance, good vibration tolerance and easy compression, which can greatly reduce the cost of transportation. Cheap option.

Until recently, glass wool was produced only in the form of a soft material, which limited its use to places where there are no serious loads. At the moment, manufacturers have mastered the technology of manufacturing semi-rigid boards, which can be used to insulate ventilated facades.

Insulation for pipes made of basalt wool

The raw material for the manufacture of basalt wool, often used to insulate chimneys, is basalt rocks. The use of inorganic-based materials avoids rotting and fungi, and the heat resistance and strength of the final product allow it to be used as a non-combustible chimney insulation for fire safety purposes.

The insulator shrinks and does not change its performance over a long period. The service life is 30-40 years. It is made with various strength characteristics: soft, rigid, semi-rigid.

Basalt wool pipe insulation

Products made from basalt fibers are easy to give any shape, apply a coating and get additional protection from moisture. Insulation based on basalt wool is more versatile than other types of mineral wool. To improve the strength, cotton wool is stitched with wire or fiberglass.

Varieties of heat insulators made of basalt wool

Basalt wool for a chimney made of any materials is considered the most versatile, easy to install and environmentally friendly insulation. The choice of brand of basalt wool is directly dependent on the design and operation of the chimney, as well as the required thermal characteristics. Basalt insulation is available in the form of rolls, mats, cylinders or plates. It is divided into foil and non-foil.

Basalt cylinders and shells

Heat-insulating cylinders are used in industrial and domestic heating systems with flue gas temperature not exceeding 300 degrees. It can also be used for insulation of external and internal pipelines of the water supply system. They are divided into grades depending on the wall thickness, which varies from 20 mm to 200 mm. Supplied in lengths of one meter or by special order.

Mineral wool insulation is divided into two types: cylinders and semi-cylinders. Products with an internal diameter of 18 mm to 89 mm are produced in the form of cylinders, and from 89 mm to 273 mm in the form of semi-cylinders (shells). Cylinders are cut for easy mounting. Details are fixed with bandages. The joint of the longitudinal seam must be insulated with aluminum foil. Insulation with a layer of foil can be used without a protective cover.

Basalt wool mats and rolls

Heaters in the form of mats and roll materials are used in contact with surfaces whose operating temperature is in the range from 450 to 700 degrees. They have different densities. For use in systems with solid fuel boilers, cotton wool with a density of 30 - 125 kg / m3 is suitable.

For the insulation of single-wall pipes indoors, the use of a mat with foil excludes the manufacture of a protective sheathing. It is not recommended to install mats with stitching for chimney wall passages. Suitable for chimneys with non-standard diameters and configurations.

Basalt fiber board

For insulation of brick chimneys, it is convenient to use basalt cardboard. This material can withstand temperatures up to 900 degrees. A sheet of cardboard has a thickness of 5 mm to 19 mm. Can be used in multi-layer bags to increase thermal insulation.

Basalt cardboard is easy to install. Resistant to moisture and vibrations. The service life is 50 years. It is allowed to insulate the chimney with cardboard with a layer of foil without additional protection. The foil layer acts as an external insulator.

Chimney pipe insulation with basalt wool

Chimney insulation technology depends on the material of the pipe, its diameter and a number of other factors.

Basic rules for high-quality thermal insulation

When installing insulation on any type of chimney, it is necessary to check the following standards:

• the thickness of the cotton wool layer in the wooden floor should be 50-100 mm;
• the thickness of the insulation in the passages through the wooden structures must be at least 50 mm;
• when laying mats in several layers, the joints of the lower ones should overlap with the joints of the upper ones;
• when laying cylinders in several layers, it is necessary to shift the seam of each subsequent one by 180 degrees relative to the previous one;
• for gas and liquid fuel boilers, it is not advisable to use high-temperature wool. The temperature in the chimneys of such systems does not exceed 300 degrees;
• if non-foiled material was used as a heater for the chimney from a single-layer pipe, then it is imperative to install a protective screen.

Insulation of a ceramic or asbestos chimney

On a profitable pipe made of asbestos and ceramics, the insulation is installed from the outside, wrapped around and secured with brackets. To simplify the process, a basalt wool cylinder 30-50 mm thick can also be used.

This method is characterized by the manufacture of an outer casing made of stainless or galvanized steel. The casing consists of separate sections, the height of which does not exceed 1.5 m. The sections are inserted into each other without a gap. The upper end of the chimney is insulated with cement mortar.

Insulation of asbestos-cement pipes with installation in blocks

If the pipe is installed in expanded clay concrete blocks, insulation is carried out during installation, filling the voids between the pipe and the blocks with thermal insulation material.

Ways to insulate a steel chimney

The principle of warming a steel chimney with basalt wool is practically the same as that used for ceramics.

1. Take two pipes of different diameters - a smaller one for the inner surface, a larger one for the outer one.
2. Pipes are inserted one into the other.
3. The space between them is filled with insulation.
4. When installing insulation with a layer of foil indoors, it is not necessary to use an external casing.
5. The end of the entire structure must be isolated.

The technology is quite simple, but it can also be simplified using purchased sandwich pipes, which are insulated pipes for the chimney. Insulation in this case is carried out directly in production, which makes it possible to achieve high thermal insulation characteristics and avoid cold bridges.

Sandwich pipes are lightweight and have high heat resistance (up to 1000 degrees). The modularity of such systems makes it easy to perform installation of any complexity.

Brick pipe insulation technology

Brick chimney insulation is a rather difficult task. To solve it, two main methods are used: plastering and insulation with mineral wool.

For plastering, a reinforced mesh is attached to the outer surface of the pipe. Next, the first small layer with a high liquid content is applied. Then they take a break to dry the solution and apply subsequent layers of a thicker solution. The last layer is rubbed and cracks are closed. For an aesthetic appearance, the pipe is painted or whitewashed.

For insulation with mineral wool, rolls or mats of basalt fiber are used. They are cut into pieces, the dimensions of which correspond to the insulated surfaces. Then they are glued with adhesive tape to the chimney. Next, a protective casing is installed from the second layer of bricks or slabs. The outer surface can be plastered or painted.

brick chimney insulation work

Basalt wool is a universal heat-insulating material. It can be used in any room. Not afraid of fire, moisture, vibration, low temperatures. However, for the correct installation of the insulation, it is advisable to contact an experienced specialist who will help you choose the most suitable materials for the chimney, calculate the required amount and select the fasteners. This will save time and money.

No matter how simple and insignificant the need for thermal insulation of chimneys may seem, its importance is justified and relevant for any private house and not only. The types of heaters for chimneys, the effect of their insulation on the efficiency and even the safety of heating systems will be discussed in this article.

Why is chimney insulation necessary?

Warmth and its integral consequence - home comfort - have always been the main values ​​of residential buildings. The basis for this is a properly planned and trouble-free heating system, where each element is equally important. This fully applies to chimneys.

It is they who, in winter and summer, in hot and wet weather, are exposed to a number of adverse factors that adversely affect their design and operating parameters. This is the main reason for the need for thermal insulation. Practice has shown that one of the effective and cost-effective types here are materials based on basalt compounds.

The most important indicator of the productive operation of a furnace or boiler is draft. According to the laws of physics, the secret here is the pressure difference inside and outside the chimney. To do this, the latter must not only be absolutely hermetic (for the removal of combustion products), but also have a high heating rate. At the same time, the most negative phenomenon in the operation of chimneys is the appearance of condensate.

From the school course, such a concept as the "dew point" is known. This is the temperature at which condensation forms when air passes through a medium with a higher temperature. To remove this “point” as much as possible is the task of the insulation for the chimney pipe, because the condensate that has entered the body of the brick turns into a catalyst for the destruction of the chimney.

The second most harmful factor for the walls of the chimney can be called the presence of active substances in the smoke, which, in tandem with temperature, can disable any chimney.

It settles on the internal cavity, in the winter season there is a possibility of its freezing. The consequence of these phenomena:

• formation of corrosion;
• Destruction of the material from the inside;
• Reducing the cross section of the pipe.

Thermal insulation is designed to minimize the activity of these processes, and at the same time eliminate their consequences. Along the way, it acts as a barrier to high temperatures to combustible materials of the roof and the entire house. Basalt chimney insulation here demonstrates the best performance against the background of such popular “competitors” as slag mortar, broken brick, mineral wool, glass wool and others. However, first things first.

Take a closer look - basalt chimney insulation

The main forms of production of basalt insulation can be considered:

• cotton wool;
• mats;
• Rolls;
• Cylinders;
• Plates.

The secret of their effectiveness lies in the ability to retain a sufficient amount of air in the body. It is the atmospheric layer that is the boundary element that prevents heat transfer, serves as a waterproofing and reliable insulation. The heat-insulating layer remains stable for quite a long time thanks to the basalt fibers.

Basalt chimney insulation

demonstrates its versatility when applied to chimneys of various geometric shapes. When installing basalt wool insulation, the following standards should be observed:

1. The thickness of the outer layer of the chimney insulation for wooden roofs must be at least 80-100 mm. The use of cylinders makes it possible to reduce this size to 50-80 mm;
2. Asbestos, ceramic and similar chimneys are insulated with sheets, mats and rolls with a thickness of at least 30-50 mm.
3. The overlap of sheet materials must be carried out at least 180 degrees in a circle and at least 150-200 mm in length.

As a variety, foil and non-foil forms of release of heaters can be called. The highest degree of reliability is considered to be materials enclosed in a galvanized or stainless steel frame.

Recently, the popularity of the use of heaters in the form of cylinders or shells has been growing. Consisting of two or more parts, they fit kidneys to any shape of chimneys and work perfectly at temperatures up to 300 degrees, which allows them to be used even in industrial chimneys. Note that in this case, it will be sufficient to purchase materials with a density of up to 30-40 kg per cubic meter.

For reference

Basalt chimney insulation has shown itself well not only in heating systems. It is considered a favorite for insulating water pipes and sewer systems.

Basalt chimney insulation and its density is one of the most important characteristics. So denser wool or mats can already cope with highways where the temperature reaches 500-600 degrees and above. For more stressed smoke exhaust pipes, basalt cardboard is used. Its standard thickness is from 5 to 20 mm. Can be used in multilayer structures. Unlike its namesake made of paper, this basalt insulation easily resists temperatures up to 900 degrees, perfectly resists moisture and is also indifferent to vibrations. At the same time, the material is easy to install. The highest performance of its application is achieved when using cardboard with a foil screen.

Advice

It is recommended to use cement mortar as a binding material for basalt cardboard. It is more resistant to temperatures than more convenient to use.

Note that gas and liquid boilers are not capable of creating high temperatures in the chimney. Therefore, in this case, the use of high-temperature variants of basalt insulation is considered excessive and not economically viable.

Some variations of pipe insulation

In the case of blocks being used as the outer layer of the exhaust pipe, the insulation is placed in the space between them and the chimney at the construction stage.

The cylindrical design of the chimney will be reliably protected from negative factors if a metal pipe of a larger diameter is installed on top of it. The void between them is easily filled with both cotton wool and rolls of basalt insulation. An alternative way to simplify the design is the use of foil insulation, which eliminates the need for an external pipe in principle.

When repairing age-old houses with brick chimneys, basalt insulation is attached to the old pipe, and decorative masonry is carried out taking into account the increased perimeter.

As a universal heat insulator, basalt chimney insulation is considered the best choice for almost any design, from any material and with any heat source. It is indifferent to any temperatures (both high and low), is not afraid of moisture, and is resistant to vibration loads. At the same time, basalt insulation is a champion in the analysis of market prices in terms of "price-quality". It is readily available, has convenient packaging and a variety of forms of release, which gives the consumer a wide field of choice. By the way, this often confuses our layman.

The solution is right there on the surface. Take the time to consult with a professional, and he will definitely offer you the best option for any chimney, taking into account its geometry and material. If the information provided in this article turned out to be just as useful to you, we will be happy to continue our conversation.

Insulation of external sewage pipes is a prerequisite. Sewer pipe products passing in the ground must be insulated, otherwise there is a high probability that they will freeze in the winter.

It is better to solve the issue of freezing of the external drain system at the stage of system installation. It just needs to be laid below the freezing line of the earth.. But, if this is not possible, and the housing is located in a cold climate zone, then you cannot do without a warming procedure.

Many types of heaters are suitable for the role of heat-insulating material. Each of them differs in duration of use and price. Large selection options allow you to choose the best option for specific conditions. Since drain pipe-rolling products in the ground are under the constant influence of moisture and other aggressive factors, special requirements are placed on the choice of an insulating coating in this situation.

It is obliged to effectively solve its tasks, despite external conditions. They must meet the following parameters.

• Have a high level of tightness.
• Long service life and durability.
• Low heat conductivity.
• Not flammable and resistant to aggressive reagents.
• Ease of installation.

Also, when choosing, one should not forget about its compatibility with pipes. If these recommendations are followed exactly, then the insulation material will become a reliable protection for the pipeline in the ground for a very long time.

Speaking about insulating coatings, one should immediately highlight the fact that all the options that are offered on the market comply with all the standards set.

They are also characterized by excellent adhesion to metal and plastic sewers. This also needs to add a high level of protection against moisture and increased strength indicators.

Materials for external drain networks and their prices

Insulation for external sewerage should be chosen correctly, and the price in this case is an important factor. It is important to understand that the laid insulation coating in the well or septic tank will be the key to reliability.

Watch the video

Of the most popular materials for external drain systems, one can single out.

• Styrofoam. It consists of small granules. This option does not require additional waterproofing. This building material is produced by sintering granules. This product is very convenient in work, differs in ecological purity and serves a long time.
• Mineral wool. It belongs to the traditional options, and is characterized by low cost. However, it is not preferred for a sewer line. Mineral wool caking over time, plus, it has a high rate of hygroscopicity. Insulation from wet mineral wool completely loses all the necessary protective properties.
• 
  . This method of insulation for external sewerage is characterized by ease of installation. Also, he is not afraid of dampness, in such conditions, unlike the previous insulation, he will not lose his properties from getting wet. This type of insulation in rolls has a small thickness, so many layers must be wound on pipelines for high-quality insulation. You can buy foamed polyethylene in the form of a canvas or in the form of ready-to-use covers of various sizes.
• . This method is preferred for external insulation. They simply fill up the trench where the highway is located. Only expanded clay is allowed to be used in dry recesses, otherwise its protective properties are lost.
• 
  . It is produced in two types of SRF and FG. This building material was equipped with fiberglass, which is glued with a polyethylene film. In the production of foil isol, aluminum or corrugated foil and a bitumen-polymer binder layer are used. A feature of this type is a very long period of use in outdoor communications.
• 
  . It is a flexible, closed-cell insulation. It goes on sale in the form of sheets and pipes. Tubular casings can be used for pipelines of any volume. Recently, the popularity of foamed synthetic rubber has declined.
• Styrofoam. Manufactured from suspension polystyrene. During the production process, a foam material is obtained, consisting of granules, reliably soldered together. The advantage of the material lies in its high rigidity.
• Penoplex. This is a foamed type, which consists of a large number granules. This option is called the most suitable, because the penoplex is able to withstand large mechanical loads. This property in the current situation becomes very important. It should be added to the above that penoplex, as an option for drain lines in the ground, can be used in conditions of high humidity.
• Isopon. It is most often used as thermal insulation when laying household and industrial systems. Its main advantage lies in strength, resistance to moisture. Isopone placement is very fast.
• polyurethane foam. A feature of this type is installation using a special installation, and this costs a lot of money.
• Extruded polystyrene. Has a cellular structure. Ideal for insulation of the highway, which is subjected to serious loads during operation.
• Basalt. It is made from basalt fibers, which are stitched with glass lines.
• glass wool. Differs in high density. Often it is used for insulation. In the process of thermal insulation, it is necessary to use additional insulators that protect the insulation from negative environmental factors.

There are also other thermal insulation materials on the market that have certain differences. So, a heater that has a foil layer is considered a popular option. This layer reflects thermal energy, which improves the efficiency of insulation.

Styrofoam shells are also considered a good option, which are easily mounted on external pipelines of any diameter.

Speaking about options for a drain line in the ground, it is necessary to note their affordable cost.

The exact price can be checked with managers when ordering. Also, when ordering, you can get full information about the selected product and its characteristics.

Features of insulation of the external drain system

This process is important, and its implementation must be approached very carefully. Such work is carried out in order to:

• protect the system from rupture resulting from temperature differences;
• prevent ice jams in the winter season.

Often these problems arise as a result of improper installation. In some cases, insulation can be waived. In this case, we are talking about pipes that are laid in the ground at a depth above the freezing level. Here, the soil itself will act as a heater.

But, there are cases when it is simply impossible to do without it. These situations include:

• laying at a depth of less than 50 cm;
• the presence of turns in the pipeline;
• the slope of the system is less than 5 mm or more than 15 mm;
• northern areas or areas with low temperatures;
• frequent sewer blockages.

In the latter case, the cause of frequent blockage may be the formation of ice plugs under the influence of low temperatures. As for the slope, if it is insufficient, then this will lead to accumulation a small amount water in certain sections of the pipeline.

Turns also lead to a decrease in flow velocity. This increases the risk of freezing. All this leads to the formation of ice plugs and the rupture of the highway located in the ground.

Video: insulation of external sewerage - whether it is necessary or not

If you have determined that the insulation of the external sewer is inevitable, then you need to choose the right insulating material. After all, some types used for thermal insulation do not tolerate a humid environment.

As a result, this leads to the installation of an additional protective layer, which will entail some costs. All this must be foreseen at the initial stage of laying sewers.

Warming with soil

Basically, various heat-insulating materials are used. But, in some cases, land is also used. In this case, the pipe is laid at a depth at which the earth does not freeze. The depth of soil freezing in each region is different.

Therefore, before applying this technology, it is necessary to accurately determine the depth of freezing.

The layer of earth, which is located above the pipe, has a constant temperature. This allows you to protect the outer line from freezing. But, unfortunately, it is not always possible to use such a low-cost method.

This is due to the fact that digging a trench of great depth is a very difficult process, especially if this figure exceeds 1 meter.

The problem is not only the laying of the pipeline at great depth, but also the repair of the system. To get to the external sewer, you will need to remove the entire layer of earth. This will take a lot of time and effort.

After digging and repairing the external sewer, it will take a lot of time to bury it.

Heating of external sewerage with a cable

. This method of thermal insulation is much more effective than the previous one, which concerns the sewerage device at a certain depth.

The electrical cable is laid along the entire external pipeline. Also, the heating cable can be used on important nodes of the sewer system. As a result, heating can be carried out at any temperature.

A special cable is used to heat the external sewage system. It is fixed with adhesive aluminum tape. First of all, the tape is applied to the pipeline. The cable itself is laid on top of it. After that, the tape is applied over the heating element. This allows you to securely fix the cable on the surface of the pipeline.

Video: insulation of external sewerage with a heating cable

This method has some disadvantages. First of all, it concerns the increase in energy consumption. If the electrical cable is laid over a fairly long section, this will lead to a huge increase in the electricity bill.

It is also worth considering that a power outage will cause the cable to stop heating. A generator is used as a backup source. But, and its installation will entail significant investment.

Heat-insulating shell for external insulation

Heaters for external sewer pipes of the shell type are very popular among consumers, and the main advantage is ease of installation.

Shell-type thermal insulation is made of polystyrene foam and expanded polystyrene, and it should be noted that it is successfully used for soundproofing internal drain networks, as well as external sewer systems passing outdoors and in the ground.

And it is characteristic that the external sewage system in the ground does not need to be laid in additional mounting trays.

Watch the video

The shell is very easy to install.

1. Two halves, which have an internal volume corresponding to the workpiece to be covered, are only put on it and connected. Apply the shell with a slight overlap.
2. For reliability, the places of overlap are fastened with construction tape.
3. Separate particles of the shell are also fixed with adhesive tape.
4. To work with corners and different designs, there are products of different shapes.
5. Very rarely, for such a shell, an additional coating is used on top.

IMPORTANT! A very significant advantage of the shell is the possibility of repeated use. Shell elements can be easily dismantled and reinstalled without losing their basic qualities.

Thermal insulation for metal products underground

In order to properly conduct a metal sewer, it is necessary to purchase not only high-quality components, but also to ensure the functionality of the system.

The choice of options in this situation is simply amazing. But, before making a decision, it is recommended to get acquainted with their technical characteristics.

As the most priority option for thermal insulation for metal sewerage, experts recommend the shell.

This thermal insulation is easy to pick up on a metal line of any volume. When choosing a shell, masters advise to stop at polystyrene options. Plastic is slightly inferior to it in that it is prone to burning and can pass a little steam through itself.

Shell-type insulation for sewer metal pipes can be produced with additional protection against moisture. And this type of thermal insulation is most suitable for metal sewers laid in the ground.

Material for a sewer pipeline with a volume of 110 mm

Insulation for a 110 mm sewer pipe is used for insulation and soundproofing. It also protects pipes from condensate and corrosive formations.

Watch the video

The distinctive characteristics in this case include increased water resistance and a long service life.

It is made from environmentally friendly polyethylene foam. This raw material has a closed cell structure.

Along the entire length, this thermal insulation was equipped with a technological incision, which facilitates installation work.

Below we consider the technical features of the insulating material for a 110 mm sewer pipeline.

• Diameter inside - 11.4 cm.
• Wall height - 0.9 cm.
• Tube length - 2 m.
• The maximum operating temperature level is +95 degrees.
• Does not contain hazardous substances such as chlorofluorocarbon.
• According to the flammability class, it belongs to the G1 group.
• High resistance to gypsum, cement and concrete materials.

The average price of such a heater is within 180 rubles.

Insulating material for 160 mm pipe products

Insulation for 160 mm sewer pipes is made from physically foamed polyethylene, the price for it is approximately 140 rubles.

Freon is not used in its production, so the final product is absolutely safe from an environmental point of view, because it does not affect the environment.

The main material consists of closed cells. Thanks to this device, the insulation for 160 mm sewer pipelines in the ground has excellent thermal and sound insulation characteristics.

The insulation is designed to insulate the heating system, cold and hot water supply, sewerage. The heat conductivity index of this insulating material is 0.0397 W / mK (at an ambient temperature of 10 degrees).

And the density is 20-35 kg / m3. According to fire safety standards, the insulation is classified as combustibility group G1, and the class of fire propagation is RP1. Operating temperature range from -40 to +95 degrees.

The areas of use of insulation 160 are as follows:

1. Water and heat supply networks for structures and buildings.
2. Technological highways.
3. Ventilation networks.
4. Soundproofing and thermal insulation of various networks.
5. Protection of pipes against corrosion.

Products Leroy Marlene

Insulation for external sewer pipes from Leroy Merlin stands out among the line of similar products. The Leroy Merlin chain of stores offers consumers a range of excellent quality at very competitive prices.

Technology does not stand still and the range is constantly growing. Among the product line of this online store, ready-made insulated pipes should be distinguished.

These are products made of plastic and metal, as well as from other materials that. When making a purchase at Leroy Merlin, you can be sure that the line will work smoothly at any temperature.

Their cost will be an order of magnitude higher, and many insulate simple pipes in the ground with cheaper heaters.

All other products from Leroy Merlin are of high quality and affordable price. The most expensive way is the basalt glass wool finish.

All provided building materials can be used for all types of pipe rolling. And each of them meets the requirements for this product:

• Fire resistance.
• Waterproof.
• Long service life.
• Ease of installation.
• Small cost.

Insulation of the sewer system in the ground

When choosing thermal insulation, it is necessary to take into account the climatic conditions of the region, as well as financial possibilities.

Insulation of external sewerage can entail significant investments. This is especially true for pipelines that are long.

The insulation of the sewer pipe is carried out according to the established technology. First of all, the highway is laid in the ground. For this, a trench is dug, the width of which depends on the diameter of the pipeline, and the depth is not less than 60 cm.

Ditch sizes may vary. It all depends on the climatic conditions of the region.

The width of the trench should be sufficient so that it can be easily laid into the ground. Do not forget about the slope, which is 1 cm per meter of length.

The pipeline is assembled on the surface, then laid in a trench. When docking, it is worth using a sealant. It is applied to the edges of the pipe and rubber seal.

With this, you can perform a reliable and hermetic pipe joint. After that, the selected insulating material is put on the pipe.

Warming is a responsible process. Here you need to make sure that the insulating material fits snugly. It must be securely fixed to the sewer pipe.

Laying the pipeline in the ground

After the insulation is fixed, the pipeline is laid in a trench.

At the same time, do not forget about its slope, which will provide a natural flow of waste in the right direction.

The slope is arranged using a sand cushion, which is laid on the bottom of the trench. It is also desirable to use sand for backfilling the external pipeline. But, for this, you can take the previously excavated soil. The main thing is that there are no sharp objects in it that can damage the insulation and the sewer system itself.

The system is then backfilled and rammed. At this stage, the laying of external sewerage can be considered complete. If all the work was carried out correctly, then the insulation will serve for a long time.

Table of soil freezing by regions of the Russian Federation

It is important to bear in mind that soil freezing rates in each climatic zone are different. You can find out what the norms are for a particular region from specially designed maps. They indicate accurate data on the depth of soil freezing.

We suggest downloading a file where you can find out the level of soil freezing for each region -.

IMPORTANT! Apply this method for a zone where the freezing depth is more than one meter, and where a high level of groundwater is impossible.

For example, the level of soil freezing is 1.4 meters, and groundwater is located no deeper than one meter underground. Under such conditions, the desired level of the cesspool will be constantly filled with water.

And it is impossible to raise the pipeline close to the surface, otherwise they may freeze. So it turns out that in the current situation it is necessary to look for other more expensive ways of laying sewer pipes.

Watch the video

This method is more suitable for areas with warm climates. In mild winters, the soil does not freeze over a long distance, therefore, trenches for external sewage can be made not very deep.

But, starting from the areas of the middle lane, deeper trenches will have to be prepared for such highways, and this leads to additional waste for laying communications.

Here you also need to add something, the trenches will have to be deepened. Based on such facts, the conclusion suggests itself that in cold regions it is economically more profitable to insulate such a system.

ADVICE. In order to maintain a normal temperature regime in the external sewer line, a revision well should be installed in the septic tank. It is placed above the lid of the septic tank. This design option creates an additional air "cushion" over the septic tank, it helps to maintain a positive temperature with negative indicators.

As for the internal sewerage, it is quite possible to do without insulation, since it functions under the same temperature conditions.

Condensation does not appear on it, as on a cold water main. The only place that is insulated on such structures is the output of the riser to the roof of the housing. In such a place, with a sharp change in temperature, the riser can burst.

Thus, to make a decision on the need to isolate sewer lines, everyone will independently after studying all the proposed options. If in doubt, it makes sense to seek advice from a plumbing specialist who has great experience work with these systems.

The master will not only give recommendations on the use of one or another type of insulation for external sewage, but will also help with installation work. The funds spent in this case will become the key to the trouble-free operation of sewer pipelines, and in winter there will be no emergency that requires complex repairs.

Insulation of external sewer pipes can be performed using various methods. When choosing, certain climatic conditions, features of pipe laying, the depth of the pipeline, cost, and so on are given priority.

If everything is done correctly, then such a nuisance as the formation of ice plugs in the system is minimized. This means that the system will not fail even in the coldest period.

The cost of warming goods

Heaters for external sewer pipelines are chosen according to the purpose of the highway, and the price of any product is determined by some factors. The cost of the product is affected by its type, scope, and fastener method.

The most important thing is to use only high-quality products for work. They will become the key to a reliable and long service life of sewer systems in the ground.

Companies that sell this line of products provide complete information about the product in convenient catalogs. Here you can learn in detail the technical characteristics and find out the exact cost.

Video - insulation of external sewerage

Given this information, you can determine the right supplier with suitable delivery conditions for the goods.

Insulation for external sewer pipes functions on the same principle. It consists of the following: air, which fills the free space of a coating of any kind, and becomes a heat insulator.

Based on this, a separate type of product is chosen in accordance with the location of pipe products in the ground and the convenience of installation work.

Entries

Thermal insulation of heating pipes performs a number of functions. It reduces heat loss along the path of the coolant and increases the efficiency of the heating system. Insulation protects metal structures from condensation and slows down the corrosion process. In case of fluid stagnation in the pipes, it does not freeze and does not damage the collectors. What materials are used for thermal protection and how they are mounted, this article will tell.

Materials for thermal insulation of heating pipes

The choice of insulation is a task in which the following factors are taken into account:

• maximum coolant temperature;
• conditions for servicing the heating system;
• pipe diameter.

Depending on the capacity of the pipeline, the following types of thermal insulation are used:

• finished cylinders;
• semi-cylinders, when the cylinder is made up of two halves;
• roll materials, which can be given the desired shape.

For pipelines of small diameter, rigid elements in the form of cylinders and half-cylinders are suitable. They are equipped with grooves and holes, the presence of which simplifies and speeds up the process of mounting the containment. Such thermal insulation for heating pipes protects the collectors from mechanical damage, helps to endure high temperatures and absorbs moisture minimally.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool has not lost popularity for decades. The reason lies in the proven result of their application and affordable cost. The materials are used for insulation of heating systems of industrial and civil structures. Traditionally, it is used where structures are constantly exposed to temperature changes, for example, to insulate furnace chimneys.

In construction, insulation is valued for the following properties:

• resistance to acids, alkalis and solutions;
• weak water absorption (depends on the processing of the material with special compounds);
• the material perceives up to 600 ° C, without losing mechanical and thermal insulation qualities;
• safety for the environment.

Of all mineral heaters, the following stand out:

• basalt wool (made from basalt rocks);
• glass wool (made from broken glass or staple fiber, a derivative of quartz sand).

The temperature resistance threshold of basalt wool is higher. Therefore, its scope is wider than that of fiberglass, which is used in the construction of residential buildings. Fiberglass enters the distribution network in rolls with a web thickness of 15-20 cm. The material consists of fibers 3-4 microns thick. Insulation is used to insulate structures whose temperature does not exceed 1800 ° C. It is not destroyed by vibration, is resistant to chemical processes and has a long service life. Such material protects heating mains located on the surface of the earth.

Note! Fiberglass is a hazard to those who work with it, as the dust irritates the mucous membranes of the eyes and skin. Therefore, when installing such thermal insulation for heating pipes, be sure to use special protective equipment.

polyurethane foam

This heat insulator is superior to heaters made from mineral wool. It has a dense, rigid shape, which is why it was called the "shell". It is produced by the “pipe in pipe” method, when the space located between two cylinders is filled with a prepolymer substance. It forms a protective "shell".

Polyurethane foam, familiar to many as polyurethane foam (used to blow out cracks in window frames), has the following advantages:

• does not emit toxic substances and does not smell;
• does not disintegrate and does not rot under the influence of external factors;
• does not pose a risk to human health;
• does not decompose in an alkaline and acid environment;
• does not respond to changes in humidity and temperature jumps;
• does not collapse under the action of sunlight, since the material is covered with a protective paint during installation.

The only drawback of the polymer is the cost.

Foamed polyethylene

Another synthetic material- foamed polyethylene. It also does not pose a risk to human body and the surrounding nature, without loss endures sharp fluctuations in external temperature and air humidity.

For ease of installation, the insulation is made in the form of tubes with a notch. Cold and hot pipelines are insulated with polyethylene. Since such thermal protection does not tolerate high temperatures, it cannot be used to insulate heating pipes on the street. The use of such an insulating material is limited to residential buildings only.

This material needs no introduction. It has long been used for various purposes and is characterized by low thermal conductivity and water-repellent properties. The reasonable price of the heater explains its popularity. They are insulated with metal and plastic structures and used as sound insulation.

The liquid type of penoizol foam is used for thermal insulation of heating mains. When applying the material to the pipes, voids and gaps do not appear, and after drying, a solid crust is formed.

Foam glass

Insulation refers to the latest innovations in building materials. Cellular glass reliably protects pipes and other structures. The material has the following advantages:

• environmentally friendly;
• resistant to acids and alkalis;
• not combustible;
• does not shrink;
• not of interest to rodents;
• not difficult to install;
• has a long service life.

Such characteristics did not go unnoticed by experienced builders and novice installers. Therefore, they turn to him more and more often.

Do-it-yourself pipe insulation

Thermal insulation for outdoor heating pipes is carried out along the entire length of the heating main. For this, ready-made protective elements with layers of waterproofing and insulation are used. Their considerable cost pays off by significant time savings during the installation of insulation. This is especially noticeable when work is carried out on long highways. In this case, it is enough to make reliable insulation of the joints.

If you use other materials and do the work yourself, you will need:

• foil tape;
• selected insulation;
• adhesive tape to isolate the junctions of elements.

Having prepared everything you need, get to work.

1. Stick the foil tape on the pipes, moving forward in a spiral.
2. Fasten or install insulating material. Make sure that the connecting seams are tightly adjacent to each other.
3. To prevent groundwater from penetrating into the seams, secure the joints with a special plumbing tape.

Note! Where seasonal temperatures are very low, it is advisable to use the insulation method using a special cable for heating pipes.

What materials are used to insulate heating pipes, Portal about pipes

Thermal insulation of heating pipes performs a number of functions. It reduces heat loss along the path of the coolant and increases the efficiency of the heating system. Warming

What thermal insulation for heating pipes is most effective

The basis of any heating system is heating pipes. In order to prevent pipes from freezing during the autumn-spring period of the year, condensation or corrosion does not appear on them, and when the system is idle, the transferred water does not turn into ice, thermal insulation is used for heating pipes. This article will talk about the varieties of insulating materials and how to use them.

Material selection

In areas with a predominantly cold climate, thermal insulation for pipes is a necessary condition for the functioning of any type of heating system - central or domestic.

When choosing a material for insulating heating pipes, the following initial data should be taken into account:

• pipe section;
• the conditions under which the heating system operates;
• temperature of the transported coolant.

It depends on the section of the pipe what form the heat-insulating material should be purchased - in a roll or in the form of half-cylinders, cylinders of available sizes.

For example, if it is required to insulate pipes of small diameter, it is better to use heat-insulating materials for heating pipelines of a cylindrical or semi-cylindrical shape. Such products, in addition, due to their rigidity and elasticity, serve to protect the system from mechanical damage, and also have water-repellent properties. In the case of large diameters, you will have to use roll insulation.

For the correct choice of thermal insulation, it is necessary to consider the main types of products used.

Types of thermal insulation for pipes

Mineral wool

Mineral wool for pipelines is one of the most popular insulating materials. This insulation is recommended for insulating central heating and supply systems. hot water, laid in residential buildings or buildings of industrial enterprises. Another way to use the material is to protect pipes with constant heating, for example, stove chimneys.

There are two types of mineral wool:

1. Stone wool - made from basalt rocks.
2. Glass wool (fiberglass) - produced from broken glass or staple fiber, the basis of which is quartz sand.

The main advantages of stone wool:

• heat resistance (up to 650°C) while maintaining mechanical properties;
• resistance to solvents (alkalis, acids, oil solutions, etc.);
• with special impregnation, moisture resistance can be given to cotton wool;
• environmentally friendly, non-toxic material.

Glass wool is less heat-resistant, respectively, the scope of its application is narrower. It is produced in rolls 1.55-2 m long.

• operating temperature of protected pipes - up to 180°С;
• vibration resistance;
• chemically neutral, does not interact with chemical and biological substances;
• with proper installation and observance of operating conditions, it retains its properties for a long time.

polyurethane foam

This thermal insulator has a rigid shape, providing edges and walls. Finished products are obtained by casting "pipe in pipe". Due to the above properties, the material is often called a shell.

Polyurethane foam has maximum strength and effectively reduces heat transfer.

Technological characteristics of polyurethane foam:

• non-toxic, no smell;
• resistance to oxidation (does not rot);
• unsurpassed strength - serves not only as a thermal insulating element, but also as a mechanical protection for pipes;
• does not conduct electricity;
• chemically resistant - does not interact with acids, alkalis, etc.;
• suitable for any climate and all weather conditions.

The main drawback of the product is the high price: polyurethane foam insulation is more expensive than the rest.

Polyethylene foam

This type of thermal insulation is produced in the form of hollow cylinders for different outer diameters of pipes. The usual length of the cylinder is 2 m, variations are possible.

Foamed polyethylene can be used to insulate heating pipes, hot and cold water pipes.

Advantages of polyethylene foam:

• environmentally friendly material, safe for humans;
• moisture resistance;
• good thermal insulation, resistance to temperature changes;
• elasticity combined with flexibility allows the material to be used both as insulation and mechanical protection of the pipeline;
• ease of use - can be put on the pipe as a whole or by cutting the cylinder;
• retains properties in the vicinity of lime, concrete and other materials.

Other foam insulation

In addition to foamed polyethylene, for the purpose of thermal insulation, they use:

• expanded polystyrene - supplied in the form of halves connected by a ledge into a groove;
• polystyrene foam - has good hydro, thermal and sound insulation, is resistant to ignition, with proper operation, the service life exceeds 50 years; besides, cheap;
• penoizol - sold in the form of a liquid, when applied to the surface it foams without leaving gaps;
• foam glass - glass of a cellular structure, safe, does not shrink, non-combustible, durable, chemically neutral, resistant to rodents.

Heat insulating paint

Heat-insulating paint for heating pipes is a new material developed in Russia.

The composition of the paint includes:

• foam glass;
• ceramic microspheres;
• perlite;
• other heat-insulating substances.

Applying a layer of paint 2 mm thick is equivalent to wrapping the pipe with several layers of mineral wool or expanded polystyrene.

• non-toxic, safe for health;
• has no smell;
• protects pipes from corrosion;
• withstands heating to high temperatures;
• can be used in both domestic and industrial heating systems.

Such paint is produced in the form of an aerosol, which allows you to apply the material to hard-to-reach sections of the pipeline.

Installation of thermal insulation on the pipeline

Before you begin directly work on the installation of insulation, you must go through several preparatory stages.

First, the insulation material must be selected. You can be guided in this paragraph by the expected operating conditions (operating temperature, the possibility of mechanical deformation, the presence of rodents), and the diameter of the pipes (it is obvious that hollow cylinders, for example, made of polyethylene foam, are ideal for a small diameter, and large diameter pipes are easier to wrap with glass wool ).

Another important factor is the price of the product. Of course, if the cost of carrying out the work is not limited, you can choose a modern material with higher characteristics; however, traditional types of thermal insulation have not lost their relevance.

In addition, if the work will be carried out in hard-to-reach places, it is more logical to use easily applied materials - thermal insulation paint or penoizol.

Secondly, it is necessary to free access to the insulated pipes as much as possible in advance, trying to remove all obstacles. As a result, this will significantly speed up the work and prevent possible injuries or damage to consumables, which means unnecessary expenses.

After the preparatory steps, the material is actually fixed on the pipe.

The order of work is as follows:

1. Before applying the insulation, the pipes are covered in a spiral with tape-foil.
2. The insulation is wrapped around the pipe or otherwise applied or fixed to the surface. Regardless of the method of application, work should be done in good faith, avoiding leaving open areas that will later become “cold bridges”.
3. After fixing the insulating material on the surface of the pipe, it is additionally fixed with adhesive tape (for example, plumbing), wrapping it in several layers. Winding should also be done as carefully as possible and with a certain effort.

If the work is done carefully and no gross errors were made, the thermal insulation, regardless of the material chosen, will serve for a long time and properly.

Thermal insulation for heating pipes: insulation and thermal insulation, thermal insulation materials for pipelines, paint, mineral wool

Thermal insulation for heating pipes: insulation and thermal insulation, thermal insulation materials for pipelines, paint, mineral wool

How to insulate heating pipes with your own hands - the choice and installation of pipe insulation

Heat loss in the pipeline is the main problem of both autonomous and central pipelines of the heating system. And if the reduction of heat loss within the region is entrusted to utilities, then the owner of a private house needs to take care of the insulation of the heating pipes on his own, and due to the insignificant amount of work, do it yourself.

Is it necessary to insulate heating pipes and what does it give?

Thermal insulation for heating pipes allows you to:

• reduce heat loss in places where pipes run along the ground, are installed by air (ground) or located in an unheated room;

• prevent freezing of the liquid, which is the coolant (freezing is fraught with a pipe break);

• reducing the likelihood of corrosion on the surface of the pipe (for metal pipelines);

• saving money on home heating.

Thus, the more reliably the heating system is insulated, the more heat the user will get (the higher the efficiency), and the less you will have to pay for gas for heating (or for electricity, if an electric boiler).

Due to the fact that a coolant moves through the heating system, the task of pipe insulation is reduced to minimizing heat loss and preventing system rupture due to freezing.

A popular solution in this case is the use of thermal insulation materials. This is the most budgetary and simple way of warming from the point of view of self-implementation.

Thermal insulation for outdoor heating pipes

A variety of heaters provides an opportunity to choose the one that is best suited for a specific application (outdoors, in the ground, in the basement, in the attic) and budget.

The selection of a heat insulator is carried out taking into account the following factors:

• diameter of the pipe of the heating system;

• operating conditions (location of the heating system);

• average heating temperature of the coolant;

• the thermal conductivity of the insulation (the lower the better);

• water absorption index. Shows the ability of the insulating material to perform its functions in a humid environment;

• resistance to combustion, biological and chemical activity, exposure to ultraviolet radiation and other environmental factors;

• life time;

• ease of installation (with the condition of ensuring sufficient tightness);

• price.

How to insulate heating pipes on the street with your own hands

To choose the right pipe insulation, you need to know what types of thermal insulation for heating pipes exist, and what are the features of each of them.

Classification of heat-insulating materials for heating pipes

1. According to the installation method:

• rigid sheet insulation. These include: polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam. Despite the high thermal insulation properties, the installation of such heaters is quite complicated in terms of ensuring the tightness of the insulation;

• roll insulation. Among them: polyethylene (used as an additional component of insulation), foil penofol, cotton wool (mineral and glass wool). The use of rolled materials requires the arrangement of their reliable fastening to the pipe;

• segment (casing) heaters. There are two types of such heaters: rigid - shells made of expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam (PPU) or polystyrene, and soft - polymer pipes. The advantage of segmental materials is that they keep their shape perfectly, are easy to install and provide the required level of tightness of the fit of the heat-insulating material to the heating pipe;

• sprayed heaters, incl. thermal paint. Penoizol has proven itself as a spray gun, because it allows you to isolate even small gaps. Thermal paint has the same property. The only disadvantage of these materials is that they are quite expensive and their self-application is problematic.

Thermal insulation of heating pipes with hard, soft and sprayed heaters

2. By type of insulation:

• polystyrene and expanded polystyrene. They have the best characteristics in terms of maintaining the initial temperature of the coolant. Their use in the form of a shell simplifies installation and provides reliable protection of the system;

Thermal insulation for heating pipes - foam shell Thermal insulation material for heating pipes - polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam

• wool (mineral, glass wool). It can be used as a roll and as a sectional material. Regardless of the type and configuration, cotton wool insulation for heating pipes has a significant drawback, which is that cotton wool is hygroscopic. Those. it needs additional protection from moisture. When wet, cotton wool loses its properties. Therefore, sections often have additional protection in the form of a foil layer. But cotton wool is great for thermal insulation of pipes in the basement or in the attic.

Thermal insulation for heating pipes - mineral wool casing Thermal insulation for heating pipes - a shell of foil-clad basalt wool

• foam foil. Due to its small thickness, it is mainly used for insulating pipes indoors.

Thermal insulation for heating pipes - foil foam Insulation of heating pipes with penofol

• polyethylene foam– (EPE, PPE) polyethylene foam for pipes.

Thermal insulation for heating pipes - polyethylene foam (PPE) Insulation for heating pipes - polyethylene foam pipe

Heating pipe insulation technology

The choice of pipe insulation and the method of its installation is influenced by the location of the pipeline.

Insulation of heating pipes on the street

External thermal insulation of pipes is the most difficult method of insulation, since not only pipes, but also the insulation itself need protection in the open air. For outdoor installation, non-hygroscopic materials are used, or others, but reliably protected from moisture by a film, casing.

In addition, it is advisable to use the densest and thickest insulation on the street. Another requirement is the use of material that is resistant to ultraviolet radiation, bad weather and mechanical damage.

Insulation of heating pipes in an unheated room

Basement, cold attic, boiler room - a feature of such premises is the absence of heating radiators. But since the pipes are filled with a heat carrier and located in an environment with minimal humidity, there are no special requirements for either the heat-insulating material or its thickness.

Thermal insulation of heating pipes in an unheated (cold) room

Insulation of heating pipes underground

The specifics of installing heating pipes underground is that they must be laid below the freezing level of the soil, and this is a depth of one and a half to two meters. If this requirement is not adhered to, the coolant will be strongly cooled until it passes through the heating main located in the ground. In order to reduce heat loss, you need to take care of high-quality insulation of the underground pipeline.

The masters say that the best solution in this case would be to use a cable heating system for pipes. But due to the high cost, users prefer reinforced thermal insulation of heating pipes.

Good insulation of heating pipes underground implies the fulfillment of the requirements:

• isolation of the insulation from the moisture that is in the soil;

• exclusion of the possibility of deformation of the insulation, tk. in this case, its properties are reduced. This is especially true for soft thermal insulation materials;

According to reviews, the best solution is the thermal insulation of heating pipes using PPU shells.

Note. Users recommend for pipes that are laid above the level of soil freezing to use a combined insulation system, namely: a combination of wool and rigid PPU shell with a protective fiberglass coating. Ideally, even at the laying stage, use factory-made multilayer pipes in PPU insulation.

How to insulate heating pipes with your own hands

The sequence of actions in the form of step-by-step instructions:

• calculation and purchase of thermal insulation material;

• wrapping the pipe with foil tape or foil. The foil acts as a heat reflector;

• installation of insulation around the pipe. Sectional hard (casing) or soft insulation is simply “put on” on the pipe. As for soft materials, they must be cut into blanks equal in width to the diameter of the pipe. Then wrap it around the pipe and fix it with tape, wire or plastic clamps. Hard insulation is the hardest part. From it you need to create a box around the pipe (or use pipe shells of the appropriate diameter);

• inspect the insulated pipe for the presence of "cold bridges" and eliminate them;

• fix the heat-insulating material on the pipe using plumbing or metallized tape;

• if necessary, cover the heat-insulating material with a protective material (film) and seal the joints with adhesive tape.

The cost of insulating heating pipes, despite their initial value, quickly pays off by saving on bills for heating the house.

Insulation of heating pipes - thermal insulation for heating pipes

Thermal insulation for heating pipes in the open air - insulation of the pipeline of the heating system of the house on the street, in the ground, in the basement, in the attic. Types of heat-insulating material, installation methods

Thermal insulation for water supply and heating pipes

Thermal insulation for pipes is used primarily to reduce heat loss in heating systems, inevitable after the onset of cold weather. Tellingly, such thermal insulation is necessary not only in order to maintain the required temperature indicator in the heating main, but also in order to prevent the accumulation of condensate on the pipe walls and the insulating material itself, freezing of the working fluid during stagnation, and also to slow down the rusting process of iron elements. Due to all this, the operational life of the system itself is increased.

How to choose insulation material for pipes

Due to the peculiarities of the domestic climate, high-quality thermal insulation is necessary not only for centralized heating mains, but also for individual networks. There are a number of factors that determine the choice of one or another insulating material, here they are:

• operating conditions of the system;
• the diameter of the pipeline itself;
• heating temperature of the working fluid.

The key factor in this case can be considered precisely the diameter, since the type of insulation used largely depends on this. So, modern manufacturers offer semi-cylindrical, cylindrical and rolled heat insulators.

Thermal insulation for pipes

Note! As for rigid cylinders and semi-cylinders, they are used in lines of small diameter. This kind of material is equipped with grooves that simplify the installation procedure.

In addition, segments made of plastic or mineral wool are used for insulation. In general, hard insulation is good because it is not only resistant to elevated temperatures or low moisture absorption, but also because it has a permanent, clearly geometric shape, which provides high-quality protection against mechanical damage.

In order to find out which of the heaters to purchase, you should familiarize yourself with the key materials and their areas of use.

Prices for thermal insulation for heating pipes

Mineral wool

Materials made from mineral wool are very popular because of their effectiveness. As for the advantages of insulation, they are as follows:

• non-toxicity (this is one of the safest building materials);
• sufficiently high heat resistance (the material can withstand up to 650 degrees); which is typical, when heated, it retains its original thermal insulation and mechanical parameters;
• low degree of moisture absorption (during the manufacturing process, mineral wool is treated with special impregnations);
• chemical resistance to acid, solvent liquids, oily solutions and alkalis.

This material is ideal for insulating hot water and heating lines (not only in residential, but also in industrial facilities). Often, mineral wool is used for thermal insulation of pipes that are subject to regular heating (this can be, for example, a stove chimney).

We also note that mineral wool is produced in several varieties at once, let's get acquainted with them.

1. Stone wool - it is made from rocks, which is why it is also called basalt.
2. Glass wool is made from cullet or staple fiber made from quartz sand. Such a heater differs from that described in that it is not so heat-resistant, and therefore the scope of its use is not so wide.

The approximate cost (with dimensions of 30-18 mm) is about 46 rubles per linear meter.

glass wool

Fiberglass heat insulator is produced in rolls 155-200 centimeters long (the thickness can vary from 3 to 4 microns). It is characteristic that the material has a low density, which means that it cannot be used for highways that heat up over 180 degrees.

This thermal insulation for pipes is suitable for ground-type communications. Among its advantages it is worth highlighting:

• long service life;
• vibration resistance;
• chemical resistance. and biol. substances.

The average market cost is about 700-800 rubles per pack(500x122x10).

Polyurethane foam insulation

Polyurethane foam insulation is a construction with a fairly rigid shape; in fact, it consists of walls and ribs. Let us devote a few words to the production of this material: in its manufacture (if we are talking about industrial scale) uses the so-called "pipe-in-pipe" technology. This insulation is also called a thermal insulating shell. It is not only durable, but also reliably retains thermal energy inside the line.

In addition, polyurethane foam has the following advantages:

• non-toxicity;
• ability to withstand various weather(therefore, the material is suitable for outdoor use);
• lack of smell;
• resistance to various kinds of chemicals;
• absolute safety for health;
• excellent dielectric properties;
• high strength (the pipeline will be protected from breakage caused by external mechanical loads).

As for the disadvantages, there is only one in the polyurethane foam heat insulator - this is a high price ( approximately 345 rubles per meter).

Foamed polyethylene

Let's make a reservation right away what exactly this heat insulator occupies in last years leading positions in the market, today it is used almost everywhere, not only in heating systems. In fact, this is a ready-made shell, made in the form of a pipe, as much as possible "enveloping" the highway and protecting it from various kinds of external influences. Anyone can handle the installation of polyethylene foam - this does not require any specific skills and knowledge. First, the polyethylene sheath is cut along the existing seam (after installation, this seam should be glued back).

Excellent thermal insulation characteristics are provided by the foam structure of the material. This polyethylene is, in fact, a thermos, because it (the material) can also be used in freezing equipment.

Average market price - from 105 rubles per running meter.

Other insulation materials

In addition to the heaters described above, other thermal insulation for pipes is also sold on the market. Let's get acquainted with the main varieties.

PPU shell for pipes

Earlier we talked about the technical characteristics and features of the PPU shell for pipes, in addition to this article, we advise you to read this information, read about it here

Option one. Styrofoam

This heat insulator is made in the form of two halves, which are interconnected during installation. To do this, the "thorn-groove" technology is used, which eliminates the possibility of the appearance of cold bridges in the material.

Option two. Foam glass

Completely safe material, which consists of glass with a cellular structure. This is a non-shrink version of the insulation, characterized by durability and strength. It does not burn, easily withstands various chemical influences, and is resistant to the invasion of rodents.

Note! Even a beginner can cope with the insulation of the pipeline with foam glass, and there is still a guarantee of a long service life.

Option three. Penoizol

By their own technical specifications remotely resembles foam, but it is only sold in liquid form. During the processing of highways, no “gaps” remain, and the entire system will be quite tight after drying.

Option four. Styrofoam

Among distinguishing features This material is distinguished by low thermal conductivity, fire resistance, slight moisture absorption, heat resistance, long service life (about fifty years) and excellent noise insulation qualities. In view of all this, polystyrene is an indispensable heat insulator that can be used on an industrial scale.

Thermal insulating paint

By the way, this is a new innovative development, which Russian scientists have created to everyone's pride. This paint contains:

• foam glass;
• perlite;
• ceramic microspheres;
• a number of other thermal insulation components.

If you cover the pipeline with such paint with a layer of at least 2 millimeters, then the results will be the same as with insulation with several layers of foam or mineral wool. This paint is harmless to the body and nature as a whole, it has practically no smell, therefore, there is no need for ventilation. With the help of a heater, reliable protection of pipes against rust is created, the material itself does not warm up under the action of high temperatures. In addition to domestic use, paint can also be used in industrial and production environments.

Note! The heat insulator is produced in the form of an aerosol, due to which the installation procedure is noticeably simplified. In this case, the most inaccessible of places are subject to painting.

All the heaters listed above have a different structure and different parameters, but the function is the same - the protection of domestic and industrial pipelines. After installing the heat insulator, heat losses during the circulation of the working fluid are significantly reduced. All this allows you to reduce heating costs, which means that there is also an economic component.

How is the installation of a heat insulator on pipes

The specific insulation procedure depends on which of the materials was chosen. Although in general terms, the algorithm of actions is the same and consists of three main stages.

Stage one. So, the thermal insulation for the pipes is purchased, you can get to work. At first, before the installation begins, the pipes are pasted over with foil tape, and it is extremely important that this be done in a spiral.

Stage two. Insulating material is installed on the pipes. After that, with the help of special adhesive tape (although in this case it is quite possible to use plumbing), the material is attached to the pipeline and wrapped as tightly as possible.

Note! Winding the insulation with adhesive tape is mandatory, otherwise groundwater will penetrate into the gaps formed, which will negatively affect the functionality of the entire highway.

Stage three. Upon completion of installation work, an inspection is mandatory. Everything, it remains only to check the quality of the insulation layer in action!

The pipeline is frozen - how to warm it up?

As we noted above, the modern range of insulating materials is huge, so you need to try your best so that in the future you do not encounter the problem of pipeline freezing.

Note! Thanks to a well-equipped heat-insulating layer, frost will never be able to get to the working fluid moving through the pipeline.

But it happens that for some reason you did not take care of good insulation. What to do in this case? In any technical handbook you can find information that pipelines must be laid - a must! - taking into account the level of soil freezing. This means that if you did not have the opportunity to lay the main line below this "waterline", then it (the main line) had to be insulated.

And if all these requirements are not met, then a situation may arise when, due to a sudden frost, the water in the pipeline completely freezes. Speaking specifically about metal pipes, they often burst in such cases; plastic products do better, but the working fluid will still not pass through them.

Now we will consider what measures should be taken in order to get rid of the ice. If metal-plastic heating pipes are frozen, then there is one effective solution to the problem: a smaller pipe must be inserted into the frozen pipe (although a rigid hose may also work) and hot water can be supplied through it until the ice is completely melted. But all this is preceded by the search for a frozen section of the highway. This can be done as follows: gradually bend the plastic pipe until a characteristic "ice" crackle sounds. It is in that section of the network where you heard the crackling that you need to heat up.

There is an alternative solution to the problem - with the help of an ordinary household hair dryer (if it is not possible to use a building one).

If the line is frozen for a long time and there is no way to warm it up, you can temporarily stretch new heating pipes insulated with polyethylene foam and use them until the ice melts on its own.

Insulation for heating or water supply pipes - an overview of the best materials with characteristics and cost

Pipes located in unheated rooms need protection against freezing. Whatever material they are made of, their thermal conductivity is high, so freezing occurs quickly. To avoid unnecessary problems, use pipe insulation, which will create reliable insulation for the pipeline from frost and even noise insulation due to its noise-absorbing qualities.

Thermal insulation for pipes

On the Russian market there are many companies producing structural elements to reduce heat transfer. You can choose products made from different materials, choose the right size and characteristics suitable for your communications. Thermal insulation of pipes can be carried out from several types of protection, such as polyethylene or foam.

Foamed polyethylene pipe insulation

One of the best price-quality ratios is characterized by polyethylene pipe insulation. It is a material consisting of the smallest cells that waterproof the system well. This protects against metal corrosion. The material itself practically does not absorb water and withstands temperatures from -60 to +90 degrees. The cover is easy to install.

In heating systems, the following material reduces heat loss by up to 80%. It is produced in sleeves of 2 meters of different thicknesses:

• model name: Porilex NPE T 60x9x1000 mm;
• price: 45 r;
• specifications: gray color, gross weight 0.06 kg;
• pluses: flexible material, moisture resistant, has low thermal conductivity;
• cons: not found.

The following product copes well with the insulation of cold and hot communications. Due to the color separation, it allows you to distinguish between pipes with hot and cold water:

• model name: Thermal insulation super protect 28;
• price: 21 rubles;
• characteristics: supplied in coils, color red, length 10 meters;
• pluses: the outside is covered with a polymer film, which increases the strength of communications and their service life by 50%;
• cons: not found.

Another versatile material that can be used to protect heating systems, sewerage, etc. It is resistant to materials such as concrete, gypsum, lime:

• model name: Energoflex Super 2 m;
• price: 69 rubles / linear meter;
• characteristics: hollow, low thermal conductivity, gray color;
• pluses: low combustible;
• cons: high cost.

Foil insulation for pipes

Foil is a heat insulator that is often used in construction. Its functions are in many ways superior to other types of materials such as foam or mineral wool. When there is a need for a material capable of reflecting heat waves, foil pipe insulation is used. It is a basic thermal insulation material covered with foil.

Thermal insulation for pipes of this type is used in various construction industries. It is suitable for pipes of any size due to the fact that you yourself cut the necessary pieces of material:

• model name: Penofol - 2000 A;
• price: 65.00 rubles / m2;
• features: polyethylene foam, aluminum foil on one side;
• pluses: universal material;

If you are looking for an excellent insulator that will provide double the heat protection effect, choose the following product. With it, heat loss will be minimized:

• model name: Mosfol;
• price: 900 rubles/roll;
• characteristics: base - foamed polyethylene, foil located on both sides;
• pluses: high reflective effect - 97%;
• cons: only available in rolls.

This insulator is suitable for steam protection, heat output, noise reduction. It reflects about 55% of the energy and tolerates a humid environment very well:

• model name: Penoflex L (Lavsan)
• price: 799 rubles/roll;
• characteristics: polyethylene with one-sided lamination, elastic, flexible;
• pluses: speed of installation in any place;
• cons: only available in rolls.

Expanded polystyrene pipe insulation

Polyfoam is one of the most common materials. Its second name is expanded polystyrene. It combines advantageous characteristics: cheap and easy to use. Expanded polystyrene for pipes received a second name - "shell for pipes" due to the corresponding appearance. It can have 1 or 2 slits with grooves at the joints that hold the edges together securely.

The company "Polymerizolyatsiya" produces products such as foam insulation for heating pipes. They are durable, lightweight and safe:

• model name: PPU shell 720/50;
• price: 1,750 rubles/linear meter;
• characteristics: material polyurethane foam (a kind of foam), consists of 2 cylinders;
• pluses: high heat saving;
• cons: fragility, flammability.

Another type of foam product for quick and easy installation, which will effectively protect any outdoor heat pipe:

• model name: Insulation shell 325/50;
• price: 916 rubles / linear meter;
• characteristics: hollow tube made of polyurethane foam;
• pluses: ease of installation;
• cons: fragility, flammability.

In the case when it is required to insulate plastic communications in the sewer or pipeline, these products can be used. It is reusable and will give you quick access to problem areas if the need arises:

• model name: PU foam shell for insulation 89/40;
• price: 306 rubles / linear meter;
• characteristics: length 1 m, coolant parameters up to +150°С;
• pluses: ease of installation;
• cons: fragility, flammability.

Basalt insulation for pipes

Cylinders made from basalt fiber are available in any diameter and size. They have the highest temperature resistance (from -200 to +300°C), withstand temperatures above 1000 degrees without melting, and are great for reducing heating costs. The level of heat loss, where basalt insulation is used, is 8%, which leads to savings of up to 20% of funds.

Excellent thermal and sound insulation can be achieved using these products. Manufacturers produce it to order according to the individual requirements of buyers:

• model name: Izolin RW;
• price: from 75 rubles / linear meter;
• characteristics: mineral wool cylinder;
• pluses: a special lock that reduces heat loss;
• cons: not found.

There is another variety of the same material, which has enhanced thermal insulation properties. This product is available with different coatings:

• model name: Izolin RW ALU;
• price: from 95 rubles / running meter;
• Features: aluminum foil coating;
• pluses: a longitudinal strip with a self-adhesive layer;
• cons: not found.

The following protective equipment is available with various coatings. It performs not only a protective, but also a decorative function in those places where pipes are located in the room:

• model name: XotPipe;
• price: 277 rubles/r.m;
• characteristics: mineral wool based on basalt rock, length 1 m;
• pros: most heat Areas of use;
• cons: high cost.

Liquid insulation for pipes

Thermal insulation of pipelines can be carried out using a special paint that creates an energy-saving barrier 1 mm thick. Application method: brush, roller or sprayer. After drying, Liquid Pipe Insulation forms a matte surface that acts as a thermal mirror, keeping cold in and heat out.

Noteworthy is the thermal insulation for water supply pipes from Korund. It protects well from freezing and prevents the formation of moisture on the surface:

• model name: Korund Classic;
• price: 330 rubles / l .;
• characteristics: 1 mm of material = 5-7 layers of cotton wool;
• pluses: super thin;
• cons: high cost.

Another type of liquid insulation that can withstand temperatures from -60 to +600 degrees is Teplomett products. The paint will serve you for about 30 years and will help you save a lot on heating:

• model name: Teplomett Standard;
• price: 310 rubles/l;
• characteristics: consists of vacuum microspheres, 1mm layer replaces 50mm mineral wool;
• pluses: applied to the surface of any shape;
• cons: high cost.

Basic formulation suitable for a wide range of applications. After application, it tightly and reliably envelops the surface:

• model name: Astratek;
• price: 410 rubles/l;
• characteristics: resistance to high temperatures;
• pluses: a seamless surface that retains heat;
• cons: high cost.

How to choose pipe insulation

To choose the right insulation for water pipes and protect yourself from problems, you need to pay attention to three main factors: location (apartment, attic, in the ground, in the sewer, outdoors), ease of installation, price. All types of products are easily installed independently, but universal in all characteristics - polyethylene.

When it is important to reduce heat absorption, choose foil insulation for pipes. Expanded polystyrene is fragile, but suitable for work anywhere. Basalt material is easy to install, has good characteristics, but is expensive. If you want to quickly insulate the system, but other methods are not suitable, choose a thermal paint that is easy to apply, looks beautiful and protects well.

Insulation for pipes - a description of thermal insulation materials for heating, plumbing and sewerage

Reliable insulation for pipes - the best protection against temperature extremes for water and sewer communications. By installing it today, you will protect yourself from problems in the future.

The main purpose of the chimney is to provide heat to the home. But many owners do not realize that chimneys also need insulation, and this can be done independently by choosing one of the methods below.

The choice of method and non-combustible material for chimney insulation depends on factors such as the experience of the person who will deal with the sheathing, the type of heat insulator and the type of chimney.

Chimney insulation is necessary for the following reasons:

• Fire prevention, because when the chimney passes through various types of coatings (walls, floors and ceilings), a fire can occur.
• With sudden changes in temperature, the material from which the chimney is made can begin to break down. This can also happen as a result of the formation of various acids and alkalis in the combustion process. They can destroy not only the pipe itself (this factor applies mainly to metal products), but also everything that surrounds it: walls, floors, ceilings.
• The rapid heating provided by the chimney, against the background of a rapid increase in the temperature in the room, negatively affects the things and interior items in the room, including the person, so thermal insulation will help prevent the adverse effect and ensure the normal regulation of heat transfer.
• Reduce the formation of condensate, which appears due to temperature differences during the heating process. The released moisture forms harmful chemical compounds, reacting with many other substances contained inside the pipe.

Important! The main goal of providing high-quality thermal insulation of the pipe is to minimize the risks of harm to human health, things and directly to the structural materials of the room.

Chimney pipe insulation materials

It is desirable to lay down a project for insulating chimney pipes at the time of construction of a house or cottage, but thermal insulation work can be carried out at any stage, even if the dwelling has already been built. Next, the main methods, methods and materials that are suitable for the implementation of this procedure will be considered.

How to insulate a chimney

The integrity of the chimney is affected by two main factors that It is necessary to take into account in the process of carrying out work on insulation:

• . This item concerns the release of condensate, the negative impact of which was discussed above. The fact is that in the absence of proper thermal insulation, the dew point shifts inside the pipe. That is, the warm air that rises during the heating of the room rises from the direct source of heating, reaches a certain point inside the chimney, and settles there in the form of condensate drops. This is especially dangerous for metal and brick products, since excess moisture is absorbed by the material and destroys it from the inside, freezing and turning into ice;
• aggressive negative impact of released gases from combustion. During the heating process, harmful chemical compounds inevitably appear that destroy the entire home heating system. This applies in particular to weak acidic solutions of nitrogen or sulfur. With prolonged exposure, they can destroy the chimney of almost all materials.

To protect yourself from such harmful factors, you can choose one of the following heaters:

• non-combustible chimney heaters made of slag wool;
• glass wool;

Basalt wool heat insulators are the most popular and used.

Non-combustible thermal insulation materials made of slag wool

This variant of refractory insulation for chimney lining is available in two forms: in rolls and mats. It also differs in density and size, depending on the individual characteristics of the pipe, the purpose of the lining and other design factors that are taken into account separately in each case.

Their main feature: the preservation of the structure and properties even with strong heating up to +400 ° C. They are fire-resistant and non-combustible, so they reduce the risk of fire to a minimum.

Metallurgical slags are used as raw materials for manufacturing.

The disadvantages of this material include:

• the presence of residual acidity;
• the possibility of a hostile environment when moisture gets on the material.

Despite these negative points, this fire-resistant chimney insulation is widely used in repair and insulation work, as it maintains an ideal price-quality ratio.

Glass wool insulation materials

Glass wool is an insulating material having a fibrous structure. It is produced from broken glass or raw materials used during glass melting.

Depending on the method of manufacture, glass wool is divided into:

• thin, which is obtained by spinning (drawing) from glass;
• rough through blowing way.

Glass wool is sold in the form of rolls or plates.

Insulation for pipes made of basalt wool

Rocks from basalt are used as raw materials for the production of insulation.

• The method of using inorganic elements provides full resistance to decay and fungi.
• Basalt wool for the chimney has high strength and heat resistance, so it is preferred to be used as non-combustible thermal insulation to prevent fire inside the chimney.
• The insulator sits well and adapts to the surface of the insulation. Has a long service life. After installation, it serves without loss of its characteristics for 30-40 years.
• By strength, basalt wool is divided into: soft, semi-rigid and hard.

Basalt wool has an additional useful property in the form of protection against moisture, therefore it is a more versatile method of thermal insulation in comparison with glass wool or slag fiber.

Varieties of heat insulators made of basalt wool

The choice of a type of basalt wool heat insulator depends mainly on the design of the chimney, design features, as well as the requests of the owners of the room regarding thermal characteristics.

It is produced for the chimney in the form of cylinders and shells, mats, rolls and cardboard. Also, basalt wool can be with or without an additional foil coating.

Basalt cylinders and shells

This form of release has found its application in systems for domestic and industrial space heating. Designed for discharge temperatures not exceeding 300 ° C.

It can be used in two ways: for external and internal thermal insulation.

Depending on the brand, it differs in thickness and length: it can be sold in a roll per meter or optionally by order.

Basalt wool mats and rolls

This option is suitable if the contact temperature with the material will fluctuate between 450-700 o.

Basalt fiber board

- the best option for warming brick chimneys. It is able to withstand ultra-high temperatures up to 900 ° C. One cardboard sheet can be 5-19 mm thick.

It is easy to install and also highly resistant to moisture and vibrations. After installation, its service life reaches 50 years.

A choice of material with or without a foil layer is allowed. Foil is necessary for external insulation and to achieve certain characteristics.

Chimney pipe insulation with basalt wool

The technology and mechanism for installing the casing is influenced by many factors, including the material from which the pipe is made, its diameter, and others.

Basic rules for high-quality thermal insulation

Compliance with the following standards is mandatory when lining the chimney with a heat insulator:

• for wooden coating, the layer of wool must be at least 50mm and not more than 100mm;
• in the passages through the tree, this layer should reach at least 5 cm;
• if mats of material are stacked in several layers, then their joints must be covered with upper layers;
• for heat insulators in a cylindrical form of release, when they are applied in several layers, each subsequent one must be laid with an offset of 180 °;
• for boilers with liquid fuel or gas heating technology, it is advisable to use high-temperature cladding materials with a range of up to 300 °;
• a protective screen is a mandatory measure of isolation if materials without a foil layer were used during the work.

Insulation of a ceramic or asbestos chimney

For asbestos chimneys, the outer cladding procedure is carried out, and the material layers are fixed with special brackets. To simplify and speed up the work, you can use basalt cylinders, the thickness of which should not exceed 5 cm.

Important! You will also need an additional installation of an external steel casing (the best option is stainless steel or galvanized materials), and insulate the upper end of the chimney with a cement mortar.

Ways to insulate a steel chimney

The mechanism of the procedure is almost completely similar to the method for a ceramic chimney, and is as follows:

• 2 pipes of different diameters are used: a large one for the outer surface, and a smaller one for interior decoration.
• One pipe is inserted into another.
• The resulting gap between the products is filled with the selected non-combustible insulation for.
• If the material has a foil layer, it is not necessary to install a protective cover.
• The end structure must be additionally insulated.

The instruction itself is quite simple, but it can also be simplified using ready-made sandwich pipes, which replace the first 3 points of the manual. Such ready-made consumables for insulation have high heat resistance and help to achieve high insulating characteristics.

Brick pipe insulation technology

Warming a brick pipe is not an easy task.

To carry out the procedure, 2 methods are used:

• plastering;
• lining with mineral wool.

To plaster a pipe you need:

• a special reinforced mesh is installed on its outer surface;
• the first layer is applied directly to it in a small amount;
• after drying, a thicker mixture is made and laid on the grid in several layers;
• to achieve an aesthetic appearance after drying, the substance is overwritten, leveled, whitened or painted over with paint.

For the second method - sheathing - use basalt wool in rolls or mats:

• the required amount of material is cut depending on the size of the surface to be insulated.
• the resulting layers of material are attached to the chimney using thick adhesive tape.
• a protective casing made of bricks or slabs (optional) is mounted on top of the wool.
• to obtain the desired external characteristics, the surface can be plastered or painted.

Basalt wool is the best option for insulating chimneys. It can be used for any premises: residential and industrial. It also has the characteristics necessary for these purposes - it is refractory, has resistance to moisture and vibrations, easy tolerance of high and low temperatures.