Ways of movement of animals 10 sheets. The appearance of animals and how they move

Goals:

• consider the concept of “movement” as an information object.
• introduce students to the main types of animal movement; show the evolutionary direction in changing the ways of movement;
• to form an idea about the body cavity, its types and significance, about the evolutionary direction in changing the type of animal body cavities; repeat the concepts of uniform and uneven movement of “movement”;
• develop research skills.

Equipment: tables with images of different groups of animals, computer, multimedia projector, presentation, natural objects.

Lesson type: learning new material

During the classes

I. Organization of the beginning of the lesson

II. Learning new material

1. Knowledge update

(IT-teacher)

Movement is the basis of all life on earth.

Also traffic, oddly enough, is one of the foundations in information processes. A striking example of the importance of movement in computer science, and computer science, as you know, is a science that studies information processes, is the formation of animation using information technology. For example, creating a presentation in the Power Point software environment is based on the animation of slide pages and the objects contained in it: text, pictures, diagrams, etc. Animation is the objects given in traffic using software. See how interesting you can present information using the program's ability to set objects in motion. Application No. 1. If you pay attention, not only the appearance of the slide is set in motion, but also the objects on it. Application number 2.

Also, based on the movement, the rules for creating animated drawings are based, for example, in the Macromedia Flah program.

Such dynamics of the object is possible due to various types of movements that a software tool (such as Macromedia Flah) may provide to us. Knowing different ways movements and movement, scientists create computer models and conduct research not on living organisms, but on their computer model. Physicists study physical processes on models that are built on the basis of movements.

(Physics teacher)

Man lives in a world of various movements. Let's remember

• what is mechanical movement?
• Why is it necessary to indicate in relation to which bodies the body is moving?
• what is a trajectory?
• what is the path taken by the body?
• what kind of movement is called uniform, uneven? Give examples.
• how to determine the path traveled by the body in uniform motion, if the speed and time are known? With uneven?
• name the basic units speed measurement, time, distance travelled.

2) drafting reference abstract by repetition.

3) solution of the problem: determine the speed of the snake if it crawls 2 km in 15 minutes.

(Biology teacher)

The world of wildlife is in constant motion. Herds or flocks of animals, individual organisms move, bacteria and protozoa move in a drop of water. Plants turn their leaves towards the sun, all living things grow. Ways of movement have come a long way in evolution over billions of years

2. Theoretical material

(Biology teacher)

Movement is one of the basic properties of living organisms. Despite the variety of existing active modes of movement, they can be divided into 3 main types: Appendix No. 6 (The presentation accompanies the explanation of the new material)

• amoeboid movement.
• Movement with flagella and cilia.
• Movement with muscles

I. Types of movement of animals.

1. Amoeboid movement

amoeboid movement inherent in rhizopods and some individual cells of multicellular animals (for example, blood leukocytes). While biologists do not consensus about what causes amoeboid movement. Outgrowths of the cytoplasm are formed in the cell, the number and size of which are constantly changing, as is the shape of the cell itself.

2. Movement with the help of flagella and cilia.

Movement with the help of flagella and cilia is characteristic not only of flagellates and ciliates, it is inherent in some multicellular animals and their larvae. In highly organized animals, cells with flagella or cilia are found in the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems.

The structure of all flagella and cilia is almost the same. Rotating or waving, flagella and cilia create a driving force and twist the body around its own axis. An increase in the number of cilia speeds up movement. This method of movement is usually characteristic of small invertebrates living in the aquatic environment.

But there is an even larger group of animals. And how they move.

3. Movement with the help of muscles.

Movement with muscles occurs in multicellular animals. Typical for invertebrates and vertebrates.

Any movement is a very complex, but well-coordinated activity of large muscle groups and biological, chemical, physical processes in the body.

Muscles are made up of muscle tissue. The main feature of muscle tissue is the ability to contract. Muscle contraction is what causes movement.

In roundworms, alternate contraction of the longitudinal muscles causes characteristic body curves. Due to these body movements, the worm moves forward.

Annelids have mastered new ways of movement due to the fact that in their muscles, in addition to the longitudinal muscles, transverse muscles appeared. Alternately contracting the transverse and longitudinal muscles, the worm, using the bristles on the segments of the body, pushes the soil particles apart and moves forward.

Leeches have mastered walking movements, using suckers to attach. Representatives of the Hydroid class move in “steps”.

In roundworms and annelids, the skin-muscular sac interacts with the fluid contained in it (hydroskeleton).

Gastropods move thanks to the waves of contraction running along the sole of the foot. Abundantly secreted mucus facilitates sliding and accelerates movement. Bivalves move with the help of a muscular leg, and cephalopods have mastered a jet mode of movement, pushing water out of the mantle cavity.

Arthropods are distinguished by an external skeleton.

Many crustaceans use walking legs to move on the ground, and they use either a caudal fin or swimming legs for swimming. Any of these methods of movement is possible in the presence of well-developed muscles and a mobile articulation of the limbs with the body.

Arachnids move on walking legs, and small spiders that form a web can move with the help of the wind.

In most arthropods, not only the legs, but also (depending on the systematic affiliation) other formations, for example, the wings of insects, serve as special organs of locomotion. In grasshoppers with a low wing beat frequency, muscles attach to their bases.

Fish

Physics teacher: let's talk about the floating of bodies from the point of view of physics.

1. What forces act on a body in a fluid?
2. What is the direction of these forces?
3. Under what conditions does a body in a liquid sink, float, or float?

Demonstration experiment with potatoes and salt water, showing three conditions for floating bodies.

1. How does the depth of immersion in a liquid of a floating body depend on its density? (demonstration experiment with water, sunflower oil and bodies of various densities)
2. Why don't aquatic animals need strong skeletons?
3. What role does the swim bladder play in fish?
4. How do whales regulate their diving depth?
5. Group work: conducting experiments on various conditions of floating bodies (with the determination of gravity and Archimedean force)

Discussion of the results of experiments, drawing up a reference summary

Powerful muscles run along the body, on both sides of the spine. These lateral muscles are not continuous, but consist of separate plates of muscle segments, or segments, which go one behind the other and are separated from each other by thin fibrous layers (when cooking, these layers are destroyed, and then the boiled meat easily breaks up into separate segments). The number of segments corresponds to the number of vertebrae. When the corresponding muscle fibers contract in any segment, they pull the vertebrae in their direction, and the spine bends; if the muscles on the opposite side contract, then the spine bends in the other direction. Thus, both the fish skeleton and the muscles that dress it have a metameric structure, that is, they consist of repeating homogeneous parts - vertebrae and muscle segments. Muscles provide movement for the fins, jaws, and gill covers. In connection with swimming, the muscles of the back and tail are most developed.

Strong musculature and a hard flexible spine determine the ability of the fish to move quickly in the water.

Amphibians

compared with fish in amphibians, only part of the trunk muscles retains a segmented ribbon-like structure, specialized muscles develop. A frog, for example, has over 350 muscles. The largest and most powerful of them are associated with free limbs.

reptiles

The short limbs of reptiles, located on the sides of the body, do not raise the body high above the ground, and it drags along the ground.

Body undulations are the most common way for snakes to crawl. A calmly crawling snake is an amazingly beautiful and bewitching sight. Nothing seems to be happening. Movement is almost imperceptible. The body seems to lie motionless and at the same time quickly flows. The feeling of ease of movement of the snake is deceptive. In her amazingly strong body, many muscles work synchronously and measuredly, accurately and smoothly transferring the body. Each point of the body in contact with the ground is alternately in the phase of either support, or push, or forward transfer. And so constantly: support-push-transfer, support-push-transfer ... The longer the body, the more bends and the faster the movement. Therefore, in the course of evolution, the body of snakes became longer and longer. The number of vertebrae in snakes can reach 435 (in humans, for comparison, only 32-33).

Crawling snakes can be quite fast. However, even the fastest snakes rarely reach speeds exceeding 8 km/h. The crawl speed record is 16-19 km / h, and it belongs to the black mamba.

There is also a rectilinear, or caterpillar crawling method, and an intermittent course on the sand.

On land, the crocodile's movements are less fast and agile than its movements in the water, where it swims and dives excellently. Its long and muscular tail is compressed from the sides and serves as a good steering oar, and the toes on the hind legs are connected by a swimming membrane. In addition, water also lightens the weight of the body of this overweight animal, dressed in a skin shell of horny scutes and scales, which are located in longitudinal and transverse rows.

When a hummingbird stops (hangs) in the air near a flower, its wings make 50-80 beats per second.

Birds

The most developed (up to 25% of the bird's weight) muscles that move the wings. The most developed in birds are the large pectoral muscles, which lower the wings, which make up 50% of the mass of the entire musculature. Raise the wings of the subclavian muscles, which are also well developed and located under the pectoralis major. The muscles of the hind limbs and neck are strongly developed in birds.

mammals

The muscular system of mammals reaches exceptional development and complexity, it has several hundred muscles. The most developed muscles of the limbs and trunk, which is associated with the nature of movement. The muscles of the lower jaw, chewing muscles, as well as the diaphragm are strongly developed. This is a dome-shaped muscle that delimits the abdominal cavity from the chest. Its role is to change the chest cavity, which is associated with the act of breathing. Significantly developed subcutaneous muscles, setting in motion individual areas of the skin. On the face, it is represented by mimic muscles, especially developed in primates.

3. Movement with the help of muscles. Laboratory work on the topic “Studying the way animals move”, students perform using 3-5 animals from a corner of wildlife, can be replaced by a demonstration)

4. Significance of movement(student report)

5. Body cavities.(The story of a biology teacher)

The body cavity of invertebrates and vertebrates is the space located between the walls of the body and internal organs. For the first time, a body cavity occurs in roundworms. The body cavity of roundworms is called primary, it is filled with abdominal fluid, which not only maintains and preserves the shape of the body, but also performs the function of transporting nutrients in the body, it also accumulates unnecessary waste products. The internal organs of roundworms are freely washed by the abdominal fluid.

The body cavity of annelids, like that of roundworms, extends from the anterior end of the body to the posterior end. In the ringed, it is divided by transverse partitions into separate segments, and each segment, in turn, is divided into two more halves. Each segment has a body cavity filled with abdominal fluid, but unlike the primary one, it is delimited from internal organs and from the walls of the body by a membrane consisting of a layer of epithelial cells. Such a cavity in which the digestive, excretory, nervous, circulatory systems and the internal walls of the body are not washed by the abdominal fluid and are separated from it by walls consisting of a single layer of epithelial cells is called secondary body cavity.

6. Body cavities.(The story of a biology teacher)

The body cavity of invertebrates and vertebrates is the space located between the walls of the body and internal organs. For the first time, a body cavity occurs in roundworms. The body cavity of roundworms is called primary, it is filled with abdominal fluid, which not only maintains and maintains the shape of the body, but also performs the function of transporting nutrients in the body, it also accumulates unnecessary waste products. The internal organs of roundworms are freely washed by the abdominal fluid.

The body cavity of annelids, like that of roundworms, extends from the anterior end of the body to the posterior end. In the ringed, it is divided by transverse partitions into separate segments, and each segment, in turn, is divided into two more halves. Each segment has a body cavity filled with abdominal fluid, but unlike the primary one, it is delimited from the internal organs and from the walls of the body by a membrane consisting of a layer of epithelial cells. Such a cavity, in which the digestive, excretory, nervous, circulatory systems and the internal walls of the body are not washed by the abdominal fluid and are separated from it by walls consisting of a single layer of epithelial cells, is called the secondary body cavity.

All chordates have a secondary body cavity. Unlike annelids, the secondary body cavity of chordates does not contain abdominal fluid, and the internal organs are freely located in the cavity.

IV. Consolidation of knowledge

1. Work on cards and drawing up a diagram.

1. How can vertebrates move? (Work according to the scheme. The scheme is drawn up on the board using handouts: cards depicting various animals: (Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals)).

Why can't it be argued that there is a universal way of moving in any habitat?

2. Frontal conversation.

1. Give an explanation why the amoeboid movement is considered “unprofitable”.

2. What are the advantages of movement with the help of cilia and flagella compared to amoeboid movement

3. What methods of animal movement can only be used in the aquatic environment, and which can be used in different ways?

4. Why can't it be argued that there is a universal way of movement in any habitat?

V. Summary of the lesson

1. Reflection

What new did you learn in the lesson? What are the main ways that living organisms move? Will knowing how to get around come in handy in computer science? In physics? Give examples?

VI. Homework

Study § 38, answer the questions at the end of the paragraph.

Filling in the table (using additional literature):

(Distribute sample tables to children on pre-prepared cards)

Four-legged animals in different circumstances can move in different ways, or gaits. The most commonly used walk, trot, amble, rebound, gallop, quarry. There are also a number of transitions from one type of movement to another.

Step- can be slow, fast, mincing, short, wide.

slow pace- a gait in which at least three limbs rest on the ground at the same time, and only one limb is in the transfer stage. Each hind leg drops to the ground before the front leg leaves the ground on the same side. This circumstance limits the stride length. The prints on the trail alternate, and the print of the front foot is always in front, and the print of the back foot is behind it. With such a gait, the tracks are never covered. So walks, for example,.

a, b - respectively: semi-paired ricochet and bipedal run of the jerboa; c - paired gallop of an ermine; g - semi-paired gallop of a hare; e, f, w - respectively, step, trot and gallop

normal step- at the same time, support on two legs alternates with support on three. The two-support period of the limbs of one side alternates with the two-support period of the diagonal limbs. There is no free flight stage (in which all limbs do not touch the ground). The period of support of the hind limbs begins after the beginning of the period of transfer of the forelimbs. Therefore, the forelimb does not limit the stride length of the hind limb. The track may be partially covered or covered.

Quick step- alternation of the two-support period of alternately diagonal and lateral pairs of limbs.

mincing step- quick gait with short steps.

Lynx- characterized by synchronous work of diagonal limbs.

slow trot- support on the limbs of one diagonal is replaced by support on all four legs, then - separation from the ground of this diagonal pair while resting on the limbs of the other diagonal. The narrow line of fox tracks is obtained precisely with this gait.

fast trot- support on two legs of one diagonal, then - the stage of free flight, followed by support on the limbs of the other diagonal.

Amble- a movement similar to a trot. But with this gait, not diagonal pairs of limbs work synchronously, but lateral ones - the front and hind legs of one side are replaced by the front and hind legs of the other side. Camels move ambles, some bears.

Gallop- the gallop is characterized by alternate repulsion by the hind limbs, free flight in the air and landing on the front legs. The hind legs are carried far forward, as if embracing and overtaking a pair of forelimbs, which is why the imprints of the hind legs are usually in front of the imprints of the forelegs and slightly further from the midline.

Career, or namet, it's like "spurt" in sports practice. Animals make huge jumps, running away from the pursuer, or, conversely, catching up with the victim.

Municipal state educational institution

"Secondary school" Nikolayevka

Partizansky municipal district

BIOLOGY LESSON SUMMARY

for 7th graders

“Methods of movement of animals.

body cavities»

Designed and carried out

biology teacher

Loginova E.N.

The purpose of the lesson :

To acquaint students with the concept of "movement" as one of the main properties of living organisms, to show the variety of ways animals move.

Define the term "body cavity".

Lesson objectives:

Requirements for the results of mastering the topic of the lesson by students:

subject: emphasize that movement is one of the main manifestations of life in animals; expand students' knowledge about body cavities, their types, methods of movement of animals and life forms, focus on the systemic perception of the diversity of movements in the organic world;

metasubject: readiness for team work; mastering ways to solve problems of a search nature; mastering the logical actions of comparison, analysis, generalization, classification according to characteristic features;

personal: development of skills of cooperation with peers, mastering the basics of tolerant and intercultural interaction in a team; development of independence; the formation of conscious motivation to complete the task.

Equipment and visibility: interactive whiteboard, presentation, textbook, envelopes with illustrations and key words, tasks for group work, pictures of animals, a video clip, tables about the ways of moving animals.

Teaching methods: reproductive, problematic and partially search methods

Forms of organization of cognitive activity of students: group work, work in pairs, work with basic and additional literature, illustrations.

Technology: collaborative learning

Principles: scientific, accessibility, health saving, entertaining, logical

An approach: System-activity

Activities: search, research

Work plan:

I organizational stage

II Motivational-indicative

Knowledge update

Motivation

goal setting

III Learning new material

Solution

Independent work of students

Discussion of the results of the work

IV Summing up the work

V Fixing

VI Reflection

VII Information about homework

During the classes.

ATTACHMENT 1

The cytoplasm of the cell is in constant motion. If the current of the cytoplasm rushes to one point on the surface of the amoeba, a protrusion appears on its body in this place. It increases, becomes an outgrowth of the body - a pseudopod, the cytoplasm flows into it, the body literally glides over the surface. Such movement is inherent in rhizopods and some individual cells of multicellular animals (for example, blood leukocytes).

The structure of all flagella and cilia is almost the same. Rotating or moving in waves, flagella and cilia create a driving force and move forward with a blunt end. An increase in the number of cilia speeds up movement. This method of movement is usually characteristic of small invertebrate animals living in the aquatic environment (ciliates, euglena, volvox, various zoospores, spermatozoa).

Muscles are made up of muscle tissue. The main feature of muscle tissue is the ability to contract.

Roundworms have only longitudinal muscles, so they can bend their body, but are not able to stretch or shorten it. Annelids have mastered new ways of movement due to the fact that in their muscles, in addition to longitudinal, transverse muscles appeared. Alternately contracting the transverse and longitudinal muscles, the worm, using the bristles on the segments of the body, clings to the unevenness of the soil when moving.

Leeches have mastered walking movements, using suckers to attach. Representatives of the Hydroid class move in “steps”. Gastropods move thanks to the waves of contraction running along the sole of the foot. Abundantly secreted mucus facilitates sliding and accelerates movement. Bivalves move with the help of a muscular leg, and cephalopods, dragonfly larvae, and jellyfish have mastered a jet mode of movement, pushing water out of the mantle cavity. Octopuses and cuttlefish with this method of movement reach speeds of up to 3600 m per minute (216 km per hour)

In most arthropods, not only the legs, but also other formations, such as the wings of insects, serve as special organs of locomotion. Many crustaceans use walking legs to move on the ground, and they use either a caudal fin or swimming legs for swimming.

The powerful muscles of the fish run along the body, on both sides of the spine. Muscles provide movement for the fins. In connection with swimming, the muscles of the back and tail are most developed.

A frog, for example, has over 350 muscles. The largest and most powerful of them are associated with free limbs.

The short limbs of reptiles, located on the sides of the body, do not raise the body high above the ground, and it drags along the ground.

Body undulations are the most common way for snakes to crawl. A calmly crawling snake is a beautiful and bewitching sight. In the amazingly strong body of a snake, many muscles work synchronously and measuredly, accurately and smoothly transferring the body.

Only insects, birds and bats can fly actively. In birds, the forelimbs have evolved into wings. When a hummingbird stops (hangs) in the air near a flower, its wings make 50-80 beats per second. The method of locomotion on the limbs significantly reduces friction. The body is not dragged along the ground, but is supported by weight. As a result of this, the speed of movement increases significantly - by running, sometimes by jumping (grasshoppers, kangaroos). The muscular system of mammals reaches exceptional development and complexity, it has several hundred muscles. The most developed muscles of the limbs and trunk, which is associated with the nature of movement.

And in running, the champion is the cheetah, which runs about 112 km in an hour and can catch up with any wild animal, even an antelope.

APPENDIX 2

Of all the classes of animals - higher and primitive - many species use different (sometimes very original) methods of movement from each other in water, under water, in the air and on surfaces. The ways of movement of animals depend on many factors: formation in the process of evolutionary development, the presence or absence of a skeleton, and other structural features of a particular species.

The most important feature

The ability to move is one of the properties to whichever class or species they are assigned by scientists. Even plants carry out movement inside at the cellular level. And animals, unlike plants, tend to move the whole body, thereby pursuing various goals: searching for food, reproduction, protection from enemies. Because movement is the very life of wildlife and, in particular, its fauna.

Animal locomotion. Classification

All of them are divided by type into several large groups.

evolutionary development

With the evolution of animals from the simplest and unicellular structures of organisms to higher multicellular organisms with various organs and functions, the methods of movement of animals also evolved. Over millions of years, the most complex propulsion systems have been developed, allowing different types get food, run away from the enemy, defend and multiply. It is characteristic that only a few of the known animals carry out a sedentary lifestyle. The vast majority move in various ways.

With the help of muscles

Multicellular representatives of the fauna are characterized by the implementation of movement with the help of muscles, which are formed by a special tissue called muscle. This structure has the feature of shrinking. By contracting, the muscles set in motion the levers, which are the components of the skeletons of animals. This is how movement works.

Who is into what

So, with the help of muscle structures, slugs and snails glide over surfaces. using abdominal muscle movement, they cling to uneven ground with bristles. Leeches use suckers, while snakes use skin scales. Many animals, by raising their bodies above the ground, move with the help of their limbs, thus significantly reducing friction. As a result, the speed of movement also increases (the fastest animal on the planet is the cheetah, which develops a speed of over 110 kilometers). Some animals jump (even on water). Some glide in the air or fly. Some dive or swim in the water or in the depths. But muscle strength is used everywhere.

Unusual ways of moving animals

• Freshwater hydra moves with the help of peculiar steps and somersaults. She bends the body and attaches to the surface with tentacles, then pulls the sole. And anemones move very slowly, contracting and relaxing the muscles of the sole itself.
• Cephalopods (squids, octopuses) are capable of jet locomotion. They suck liquid into a special cavity in their body and forcefully throw it out through a narrow funnel. This moves the body in the opposite direction.
• Basilisk lizard runs fast on water (2 meters per second). On the surface of the water, it is held by air bubbles under the scales of the paws.
• A gecko runs along a vertical glass wall at a speed of 1 meter per second without falling. This happens due to special suction cups on the legs of the lizard.
• Paradise decorated snakes living in Asia fly through the air from tree to tree, using the flattening of their body, which for this time turns into a likeness

Results

Various types of movements are characteristic of all animals that exist on our planet. The process itself is carried out in several ways. Each of the living organisms is adapted to certain types of movements characteristic of it.

This material can be used to conduct a lesson on the topic “Methods of movement of animals. Grade 5".

Didactic goal: create conditions for systematizing the studied material, identifying the level of mastery of the system of knowledge and skills, experience of creative activity; based on the study of the ODS, find out how animals move, refute the assertion that there is a universal way of movement in any habitat; form an idea of ​​the body cavity, its types and significance.

Lesson type: generalization and systematization of knowledge and skills (lesson in the network class)

Stages of the lesson.

1. Goal setting and motivation

Slide 2. The key word of today's lesson is movement.

• What is movement in your opinion?
• Why do animals move actively, unlike plants?
• What processes are vitaldo they depend on the movement of the organism?

Students write their answers in a notebook, then discuss their notes in class.

2. Knowledge update(individual, pair or group work)

Slide 3. Students work in pairs

• At what level of organization of life can movement occur?
• Highlight these levels using the proposed information objects: cell, tissue, organ, organism (Slide 3).

Students work in groups at the computer. The stage of group work is implemented in the "KM-School" in the "conduct a lesson in a network class" mode.

To conduct a lesson in a network class, you must:

• Open the bookmark "Individual portfolio - Working materials".
• Select the desired lesson by clicking on it with the left mouse button.
• Click on the link "to conduct a lesson in the classroom." Select the required class. Start Lesson

Acquaintance with the methods of movement of animals of various systematic groups. Work in groups on a search task.

slide - 4 Find information about how animals move in the KM-School

• at the cell level (movement of amoeba, ciliates and euglena)
• at the level of the organism (movement of hydra, planaria, earthworm, jellyfish)

Place the selected objects on the slide, write down the main ways the animals move.

In the "KM-School" on the topic "Methods of movement of animals" you can pick up illustrations, a video clip, animations, an encyclopedic article.

slide - 5 The teacher updates the knowledge on the topic (drawing up the scheme “Methods of movement of animals” according to the slides created by the students, registration in the workbook of task No. 1, p. 101.)

3. Application of learning material in familiar and new learning situations

slide - 5Independent work of students (viewing the ways of moving animals on slides, followed by a discussion and completion of task No. 2 on page 102 in a slave / notebook)

Slide - 6 Task number 1

• Describe the amoeboid type of animal locomotion.
• What cell organelles are involved in movement?
• What environment do these animals live in?

slide - 7 Task number 2

• Describe movement using flagella and cilia.
• What type of environment is typical for this type of movement?
• What is the advantage the virtues of such a movement in comparison with the amoeboid?

slide - 8 Task number 3

• Describe movement in terms of muscles.
• What organs are involved in the movement of invertebrates and vertebrates?
• What Wed food mastered by animals with this type of movement?

Slide 9 - 11Body cavities of animals, their types and functions.

• Who first developed a body cavity in the process of evolution?
• What fundamental difference between animals with primary and secondary body cavities. Give examples.

Using the materials of the "School Club"find information about the features of the movement of animals living in the aquatic environment and land-air. Submit the results of your work in the form of an abstract or presentation in the "KM-School"

6. Reflection

Answer the questions, “4” is enough to answer one of the questions, “5” - any two questions (slide 13):

1. Why is the speed of movement ground-air environment higher than in water?
2. Why are birds the fastest animals?
3. Why is amoeba movement considered "unprofitable"?
4. What is the fundamental difference between animals with primary and secondary body cavities? Give examples.
5. Why is there no universal way of movement in nature?

after ok At the end of individual work in the allotted time, a collective discussion of these issues is organized.

Literature

1. Latyushin V.V., Shapkin V.A. Biology: Animals: A textbook for grade 7 / V.V. Latyushin, V.A. Shapkin. - M.: Bustard, 2010
2. Latyushin V.V., Lemekhova E.A. Workbook for the textbook Biology Animals. Grade 7 /V.V. Latyushin, E.A. Lamekhova- M.: Bustard, 2011
3. Thematic and lesson planning for the textbook by V.V. Latyushin and V.A. Shapkin "Biology. Animals: A Teacher's Guide. – M.: Drofa, 2006.
4. Ishkina I.F. Lesson plans according to the textbook by V.V. Latyushina, V.A. Shapkina / I.F. Ishkin - Volgograd, 2002.
5. The most complete edition of typical variants of real USE assignments: 2009: Biology / ed. - comp. E.A. Nikishova, S.P. Shatalova -M. : Astrel, 2009. - p. 191. - (FIPI).
6. We rent a single State exam. Biology / ed. - comp. G.S. Kalinova, V.N. Kuznetsova, L.G. Prilezhaev. – M.: Bustard, 2010. – 154 p.