What you need to go through before planning a pregnancy. What tests to take when planning a pregnancy? other specialists

A visit to the gynecologist is where to start. After a gynecological examination, a survey, the doctor determines the scope of diagnostic measures for the couple. In Moscow, you can consult a gynecologist, undergo an examination, get a referral and pass the necessary tests at the AltraVita Reproductive Medical Center. It has its own laboratory, diagnostic equipment, so the results will be ready in just 1-3 days.

When taking anamnesis, the doctor will be interested in:

• Genetic diseases that may have been in the family.
• Did the woman have viral hepatitis?
• Does the couple have venereal diseases, tuberculosis, other dangerous infections?
• Are there any patients with endocrine pathologies in the family?
• The duration of the menstrual cycle.
• Whether the woman gave birth before, there were miscarriages, abortions.
• What diseases were transferred in childhood by future parents.
• What chronic pathologies are there, whether the future mother and / or father are constantly taking medications.

Detailed answers will help to get an idea of ​​the pathologies that can interfere with conception, normal gestation. As well as appoint mandatory tests and additional studies.

When is the best time to get diagnosed?

A period of 2-3 months before planning a pregnancy is a sufficient period to take tests, find out about the state of health, and, if necessary, undergo diagnostics and treatment. For this period medicines will be excreted from the body, and the reproductive organs will be restored, will be ready for conception. After passing all the diagnostic examinations, you can proceed directly to planning.

It is better to visit a gynecologist in the first few days after menstruation, the exceptions are bleeding, severe pain. The day before the visit, sexual contact should be excluded, since the seminal fluid remaining in the vagina after sexual intercourse will interfere with obtaining a reliable test result. If a woman is undergoing antibacterial or antifungal therapy, then it is better to postpone a visit to the gynecologist for a week or two after the end of the medication.

Antibiotics change the vaginal microflora, can distort the results of the tests. On the day of admission, you do not need to use intimate deodorizing agents. Gynecological examination should be carried out with an empty bladder, intestines.

Tests in preparation for pregnancy

In preparation for conception, it is necessary to be examined, and the health of the child depends not only on the woman, but also on the spouse. Therefore, the couple should come to the consultation, check the tests before pregnancy together. At the reception, the specialist will examine the woman, take smears, give directions to general laboratory research, blood for syphilis, HIV, hepatitis, ultrasound. Before pregnancy, it is necessary to eliminate the internal foci of infections, so the woman is sent for in-depth diagnostics.

List of mandatory tests in preparation for women:

• Smears from the vagina, cervical canal to determine the degree of purity, cytology; colposcopy (if a woman has previously been cauterized with cervical erosion or there were ruptures of the cervix).
• A blood test is taken for glucose, HIV, syphilis, blood type, Rh, hepatitis, and a general blood test is also performed.
• PCR study for latent sexual infections.
• Blood test for TORCH infection (rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes, toxoplasmosis).
• Ultrasound examination of the small pelvis.
• Examination of the mammary glands.

External examination of the external genital organs reveals rashes, varicose veins, pigmentation of individual sections of the mucosa. Examination of the anus is carried out to detect hemorrhoids, cracks, since these diseases become aggravated during pregnancy.

Mirror gynecological examination and colposcopy allow you to assess the condition of the cervix, identify inflammation of the cervical canal, erosion, polypous formations, endometriosis. Colposcopy may also suggest cervical cancer. Any of these pathologies can interfere with natural conception.

Smears for analysis are taken from the cervical and urethra. Microscopic examination of the biomaterial can reveal leukocytosis, indicating an inflammatory process, fungal and / or bacterial infection. Inflammation can be hidden without manifestations, but during pregnancy there is a hormonal restructuring, a decrease in immunity, which provokes the activation of infectious agents. Therefore, all infections must be cured before conception.

A smear is also taken from the cervical canal for analysis for atypical cells (oncocytology). Cytological analysis makes it possible to detect an oncological disease, which in the early stages may be asymptomatic. But if a woman with oncopathology of the genital organs manages to become pregnant, then the oncoprocess is activated, aggravated.

Analysis for TORCH infections is a mandatory minimum, since any of these infections can be deadly to the fetus or lead to its abnormal development. If a woman does not have any infectious diseases, then during pregnancy it is necessary to be careful not to allow infection. The same applies to sexual infections, then the tests are given by both partners.
If an expectant mother had rubella in childhood, then she has lifelong immunity to it. In other cases, a woman may be offered a rubella vaccination, after which at least three months must pass before the intended conception.

Women who have pets should be careful in dealing with them, because from animals you can catch another dangerous infection - toxoplasmosis. According to statistics, 15% of women have been ill with this disease, for the remaining 75% this virus is potentially dangerous. Therefore, before planning pregnancy, during the gestation period, communication with pets should be limited, and meat should be subjected to thorough heat treatment.

Cytomegalovirus can be transmitted through the air. If, in preparation for pregnancy, a high level of the virus is detected during the analysis, then antiviral therapy is prescribed. If the result is negative, preventive measures must be taken.

Expert opinion

The herpes virus is dangerous in the development of the embryo. It circulates in the body constantly, its carriers are 90% of the population. An analysis for herpes before planning allows you to assess the potential risk of primary infection. During life, the virus may not manifest itself in any way, but in pregnant women it can become more active, become opportunistic pathogenic. Then the virus can cause malformations in the fetus. Previously ill women have antibodies to the herpes virus. If during the gestation period herpes worsens, then treatment and screening of the fetus should be carried out.

Future parents need to be tested for blood group and Rh factor. Rh conflict that occurs in women with a negative Rh, if the child inherits a positive from the father, which leads to fetal pathologies (hemolytic jaundice, stillbirth). This risk is minimal during the first pregnancy and increases with subsequent ones. There are cases of conflict not only on the Rh factor, but also on the blood type.

Transvaginal ultrasound examination before planning is carried out in the first phase of the menstrual cycle. It helps to exclude pathologies that prevent natural conception or gestation. Ultrasound reveals uterine fibroids, inflammation, cysts, polyps, tumors. Pathological formation must be removed to ensure the normal course of pregnancy.
According to the indications, an analysis is carried out to study the hormonal background, the determination of the work of the blood coagulation system, a genetic examination with a consultation of a geneticist.

Violation of the cycle, excess body weight, endocrine chronic diseases, infertility during the year with regular sex without contraception require a hormone test.

Usually this is an analysis for:

• Luteinizing hormone that affects ovulation.
• Follicle-stimulating - causes the growth, maturation of follicles.
• Prolactin - affects ovulation.
• Testosterone - increased concentrations in the analysis in women can provoke a miscarriage.
• Estradiol - responsible for the development of the genital organs.
• DHEA sulfate - affects ovarian function.
• Thyroid hormones.

Calculate dates suitable for testing

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Select gynecological ultrasound Progesterone FSH LH Testosterone Estradiol Prolactin T4 TSH Hysterosalpingography (HSG) EchoHSG

Deciphering the results

Gynecological examination, analysis of a smear on the flora make it possible to diagnose inflammatory diseases of the organs of the reproductive system. A cytology smear is necessary to exclude malignant tumors of the cervix.

A blood test for HIV, viral hepatitis, syphilis is required. These infections are very often asymptomatic, causing irreparable harm to the health of the child. If studies reveal diseases, abnormalities, the couple will be prescribed treatment. If the results of the tests in preparation for planning pregnancy are normal, the doctor gives permission for conception. Spouses need to eat a balanced diet, follow a lifestyle, take folic acid. A woman should not take any medication 2-3 months before conception without a doctor's prescription, drink alcohol, smoke. You should refuse to visit saunas, baths.

Bibliography

• Askhabova JI.M., Makhmudova G.A. Reproductive health and family planning issues. Makhachkala. – 2003.
• Radzinsky V.E., Pustotina O.A. Family planning in the 21st century. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2015.
• Influence of pregravid preparation on the course and outcome of pregnancy in herpetic infection / V.L. Tyutyunnik, T.A. Fedorova, Z.S. Zaidieva, S.A. Alieva//Probl. reproductions. 2005. No. 5.
• Radzinsky V.E. obstetric aggression. M.: Publishing House of Status Praesens, 2011.

The birth of a baby is a touching and long-awaited event in every family. Experts insist that this issue should be approached with all responsibility. In the article you can find out what tests are needed when planning a pregnancy, as well as get valuable advice for parents.

The period of bearing a baby and childbirth is a difficult period in the life of every woman, since during it the body is subject to enormous loads. If dad and mom are healthy, this greatly increases the chances of having a baby without any deviations.

First of all, during pregnancy planning, the expectant mother should be examined by a gynecologist. The doctor will be able to conduct an examination, identify hidden diseases, if any, and prescribe adequate treatment. Conception should be planned only if both partners are completely healthy.

In addition, the specialist will help calculate the length of the cycle and give advice on determining the day of ovulation. As you know, the probability of fertilization of the egg is the highest on this day. It is very important to inform the gynecologist if a woman has previously had a miscarriage, missed pregnancy, or premature birth. This will allow the doctor to get an accurate picture of the patient's health. The list of necessary tests for a woman during the planning of a baby can be found in the table.

If necessary, and if the patient has any complaints, the woman can be referred to other specialists. For example, consultation with a nephrologist, gastroenterologist, and even a psychologist is often required. You can take a blood and urine test at any laboratory, for example, Invitro.

How is the examination

Consider the main stages of the examination that the expectant mother will have to go through during pregnancy planning. It is important to understand that each of these stages is very important for the successful conception and bearing of a baby.

During the preparation of partners for conception, a woman is first of all referred to a gynecologist. On the chair, the expectant mother will have to undergo a colposcopy. This examination is carried out using a special device called a colposcope.

To assess the condition of the cervix, a cytological smear is taken. The main task of such a diagnosis is to identify various infections and inflammatory processes in the reproductive organs.

Tests given during the planning of the baby include a general examination of blood and urine. Evaluation of the composition of urine allows you to suspect and identify various diseases of the urinary system. A blood test allows you to assess the level of hemoglobin and the presence of an inflammatory process throughout the patient's body.

Also important is the blood test for sugar levels, thrombophilia and coagulogram - an assessment of blood clotting. If there are problems in this area, the girl can be referred to a hematologist.

Mandatory tests also include PCR diagnostics for various infections that are very dangerous for the life and development of the baby's future. In no case should a girl refuse this type of diagnosis. In this case, the following infections are detected:

• Toxoplasmosis.
• Rubella.
• Cytomegalovirus.
• Genital herpes.
• Mycoplasmosis.
• Chlamydia.
• Gardnerellosis and some others.

The abbreviation Torch is based on diseases that are most dangerous to a child's life. These include such pathologies: Toxoplasma (toxoplasmosis), Rubella (rubella), Cytomegalovirus (cytomegalovirus) and Herpes (genital herpes virus). If a woman has at least one of these infections during a planned pregnancy, she should first undergo a course of treatment.

If the expectant mother had been ill with rubella in childhood, you can safely plan conception. If not, it is recommended to get vaccinated against this disease three months before conception to eliminate the risk of infection in the future.

Experts say that before the fertilization of the expectant mother, it is necessary to do an ultrasound of the reproductive organs. This will identify various pathologies that can interfere with the normal conception and bearing of the baby. An ultrasound examination is especially indicated after a frozen pregnancy, miscarriage, and in the presence of other problems that a woman has encountered in the past. In addition, with the help of ultrasound, it is possible to determine the day of ovulation, which is very important for the onset of conception.

During this type of diagnosis, pathologies that require surgical treatment are often detected, for example, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, polyps, and oncology.

When planning a baby, a man and a woman, especially after 30-35 years old, are recommended to be tested for genetics and compatibility. Such studies include chromosomal analysis, genetic incompatibility analysis and DNA diagnostics for various abnormalities. The cost of such studies in private clinics is usually quite high, however, this allows you to plan a pregnancy without risks to the baby.

What is the compatibility test called? In addition to the general blood test, the husband and wife also need to donate blood for the Rh factor. If a woman has this indicator positive, and her husband is negative, the risk of Rhesus conflict is reduced to zero. It is worth worrying in the situation if the woman has a negative Rh factor, and the man is positive. This will require special management of pregnancy, since a Rh conflict is possible.

The diagnostic complex during the planning of the conception of a baby also includes an assessment of the state of certain hormones in the expectant mother. In this case, male hormones are not so important. Without fail, this type of examination is prescribed for girls with an irregular menstrual cycle, with unsuccessful attempts to get pregnant, with miscarriages or fetal fading. In this case, the concentration of the following hormones is estimated:

• Progesterone.
• Prolactin.
• Testosterone.
• Homocysteine.
• Estradiol.
• luteinizing hormone and others.

If there are any abnormalities in the body of the expectant mother, she is usually prescribed hormone therapy. The necessary drugs and the duration of their intake are selected by the attending physician, depending on the diagnosis of the patient.

If we talk about when it is better to carry out this type of diagnosis, then it is better to donate blood at the beginning of planning. Many women are interested in the question of how much this type of diagnosis costs? In public clinics, hormone analysis is free of charge.

Planning a new pregnancy after a course of treatment with steroids should be carried out strictly under the supervision of a specialist. This will help eliminate various disorders, conceive and endure a healthy baby. This is especially true for women who have had a miscarriage, miscarriage or premature birth.

Men's analyzes are slightly different from women's, because it is the girl who bears the baby and is fully responsible for his life. Of course, this does not mean that the father should not go to the doctor. Future daddy also needs to go through some research, namely:

• A complete urine and blood test to look for a variety of health problems, including inflammation and infections that may be asymptomatic.
• Determination of the Rh factor and blood group. This is necessary to prevent Rh incompatibility between mother and child.
• A test to diagnose sexually transmitted infections.
• Spermogram and other additional studies, for example, an assessment of hormone levels, an analysis of prostate secretion, and others.

A man should carefully consider the state of his health. Future daddy should eat right, give up bad habits lead an active lifestyle, go for walks more often fresh air, because the genetic material of the father is no less important than the female cells.

When spouses decide that it is time for them to have a child, it means that they are mentally ready for this important step. But in addition to the moral side of the issue, there is also a physiological one. In order for the baby to be born healthy, the mother, and the father, too, must also be healthy. This is the main goal of a comprehensive examination before conceiving a child. If a potential mother has any pathologies, then they need to be cured, and only then plan the birth of a baby. Only such a serious approach can guarantee the normal course of pregnancy and the birth of healthy offspring.

An important period in the life of spouses is planning

Experts conducted a lot of research, during which it was possible to establish that the most optimal and favorable period for conception is 21-26 years. In women of this particular age category, puberty is fully formed, the hormonal background is almost perfect, and the body is young, strong and healthy for bearing. At this age, most women still do not have serious chronic pathologies, the joints and ligamentous tissues are sufficiently elastic, which is only beneficial for gestation and successful delivery.

But in practice, as confirmed by statistics, the age of girls with their first pregnancy is somewhat older. After all, modern women primarily strive to get a decent education, climb the career ladder, acquire their own housing and sufficient material wealth. All this takes time, therefore, before pregnancy, it comes only to thirty, or even later. This approach to the issue of motherhood is ambiguous and has both positive and negative sides.

• The good thing is that a girl in adulthood responsibly and consciously approaches the planning of conception - she already has a certain financial independence, a decent job and her own home, has sufficient material resources and emotional and psychological foundations.
• disadvantage late pregnancies the fact that over the years the probability of conception after 26 begins to decline sharply, therefore, getting pregnant at that age is much more difficult. Moreover, with age, all kinds of gene changes in the eggs appear in women, general health indicators worsen, which only increases the risk of developing congenital anomalies in future children.

In women after 30, during gestation, various complications are much more often detected, chronic pathologies are exacerbated. After 30-35, a woman is no longer so stable in psycho-emotional terms, the consequences of congestion at work, etc., also affect.

It is important to include fresh fruits and vegetables in your diet.

Pregnancy is wonderful, but it is necessary to approach such an issue as responsibly as possible. Modern statistics are disappointing, because less and less healthy babies are born even to relatively healthy parents. And more and more spouses turn to specialists with reproductive problems. To avoid congenital fetal pathologies and complications of pregnancy, experts insist on the need for a comprehensive examination before conception.

A few months before conception, it is necessary to get rid of all unhealthy habits and start taking vitamin complexes so that the body is cleansed of toxins and gains a supply of mineral and vitamin substances that the baby will need for full growth and intrauterine development. First of all, the girl should go to an appointment with a therapist and discuss in detail with him the decision about pregnancy. The doctor will study the parental history and prescribe the necessary studies. At this stage, the recommendations of this specialist will be enough for a woman to check her general health and undergo the necessary treatment.

Comprehensive examination before conception

Preparation for the upcoming gestation usually begins with a woman. A complete and correct examination of the expectant mother will help diagnose existing pathologies that can negatively affect the course of pregnant processes and the health of the future crumbs. The list of diagnostic procedures usually includes consultations of specialists such as a gynecologist and a therapist, ultrasound examinations of the pelvic organs and the mammary gland, and a number of laboratory tests.

If necessary, a histology of the cervical canal, a colposcopic examination, a dental consultation and an additional visit to an otolaryngologist and ophthalmologist are performed. In some cases, the patient is assigned a thorough study of the hormonal background and ultrasound diagnosis of the thyroid gland, an appointment with an endocrinologist and a geneticist. Each of the appointments and referrals for a narrow-profile consultation of a specialist sometimes causes questions, bewilderment or even fear in patients, and therefore requires more detailed consideration. So, what examinations need to be done before the upcoming gestation.

I go to the therapist

As mentioned above, the first specialist to be visited by a woman who decides to become pregnant should be a therapist.

• A visit to this doctor is necessary even for those girls who do not feel any health problems.
• The therapist has an outpatient card, which lists all childhood infections that you have suffered in the past, all vaccinations and diseases that you have had in the adult period.
• These data are extremely important for upcoming pregnancies.
• The therapist will write referrals to the right specialists and prescribe general laboratory blood and urine tests.

If a girl already has any chronic pathologies, then it is necessary to consult a doctor about this in order to find out whether there are contraindications to conception or not. You may need a course of preventive therapy to minimize the likelihood of exacerbation of chronic pathology during pregnancy.

Research on the Rh factor

Fertility is different for every woman

The blood test for the Rh factor is important. If a conflict of parental Rh factors is found, then the baby is likely to have problems. What is it connected with? If both spouses are Rh negative or positive, then there are no threats. Also, the presence of a positive Rh in the mother with a negative in the father does not cause concern.

The occurrence of an Rh conflict occurs if the child inherits a positive Rh from the father, and the mother will have a negative Rh factor. Such a clinical situation can provoke pathological conditions in a child such as brain damage, jaundice, abnormally enlarged liver or heart, kidney organs, as well as the development of anemia. To prevent such complications, a woman is injected with anti-Rhesus serum, which causes the mother's body to perceive fetal erythrocytes as her own, and not as foreign.

Screening for STDs and TORCH infections

Experts identify a list of infections that are especially dangerous for the fetus if a pregnant woman becomes infected with them or the father is sick at the time of conception. Such infections include cytomegalovirus and rubella, toxoplasmosis and herpes. They can be determined using a special TORCH study. As a result of this analysis, you can find out whether a woman is immune to these pathologies. Such a study determines the absence or presence in the bloodstream of specific immunoglobulin antibodies of groups M and G.

If during the diagnosis the presence of lgG immunoglobulin is detected, then this indicates that the girl has already suffered this infection and she has already developed immunity to it. If lgM antibodies are detected in the blood, an acute progression of the infection is diagnosed at the present time. If there are no immunoglobulins of both groups, then, it means that the girl did not suffer from these infections earlier and does not have immune protection to them, which is extremely dangerous. If any of these infections strike the patient during gestation, then the result can have very tragic consequences.

No less important is the examination for sexually transmitted pathologies such as mycoplasmosis, gonorrhea, human papillomavirus infection or chlamydia, etc. Such infections can be asymptomatic and lead to infertility. To identify them, you need to donate blood. If an STI is detected, treatment is prescribed for both spouses, and you can get pregnant only six months after the cure.

Hormonal studies

The hormonal background of the expectant mother also requires some attention when planning conception. Not always a woman can feel any problems with hormonal balance, because they can be hidden. A balanced content of certain hormonal substances is extremely important for full fertility and healthy gestation. The following hormonal substances are considered decisive for fertility and reproductive functions:

1. FSH. Pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone ensures the correct and healthy growth of follicles, from which mature eggs are released every month. It is usually recommended to donate blood for this hormone on the 3-4th day of the cycle.
2. LG. The pituitary luteinizing hormone controls estrogen production and ovarian activity. LH levels reach their maximum levels during the ovulatory period. It is incredibly important for fertilization and successful implantation. They take an analysis for LH on about 3-5 days of the cycle.
3. Hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Also, before conception, girls are advised to check the content of T3, T4 and TSH. T3 and T4 regulate material exchange and metabolic processes, affecting the activity of all organic structures, including reproductive functions. Identified problems with these hormonal substances must be resolved even before conception.
4. Progesterone. This is the most important hormone of pregnancy, produced by the corpus luteum gland, which is formed immediately after ovulation from the shell of the ruptured follicle, from which the mature egg came out. Progesterone regulates the course of pregnant processes, so immediately after conception, its level increases significantly. Donate blood to determine the progesterone level both before and after conception. If it is found that its content is lowered, then it is recommended to take Utrozhestan to maintain pregnancy.
5. Testosterone. Although this hormone is a purely male hormonal substance, a certain amount of it is also present in the female body. Testosterone is produced by the ovaries and adrenal glands. If this hormone is too much, then conception may be difficult.

Determining the hormonal background is very important for bearing, so you should not neglect such appointments.

Gynecological examination

In some cases, vitamin complexes are prescribed

Before the planned conception, a woman must definitely go to an appointment with a gynecologist. A specialist of this particular profile will be able to accurately determine that the patient's body is ready for motherhood. If any gynecological pathologies are revealed, he will prescribe the appropriate therapy.

During the examination, the gynecologist assesses the condition of the patient's reproductive system, takes a smear from the vagina to check for hidden infections, and sends the patient for an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs. Ultrasound helps to assess the condition fallopian tubes, ovaries, endometrium and the inner lining of the uterine body.

If tubal obstruction is suspected, the woman is referred for hysterosalpingography. This procedure does not require special training and is performed in a gynecological treatment room without anesthesia. Contrast is injected into the uterine cavity, and then an x-ray or ultrasound scan is performed.

Do you need genetic counseling?

Most babies are born without any genetic abnormalities, but 1-2% still have congenital intrauterine pathologies and anomalies. If the mother or father of the future baby has any hereditary pathologies or someone in the family had serious genetic diseases, then a genetic consultation is a mandatory item in the list of examinations before conception.

Also, the help of a geneticist to couples who have already had pregnancies that ended in miscarriage, fading, or intrauterine fetal death will not hurt. He will help assess the degree of risk and advise how to prepare for pregnancy.

Other specialists

Among other doctors, whom the girl also does not hurt to visit before the upcoming gestation, one can name an otolaryngologist and a dentist, an ophthalmologist, etc. During pregnancy, the baby will take the necessary trace elements from her mother, including calcium. Its acute deficiency will negatively affect the state of even healthy teeth, and if mommy already has problematic teeth, then this can cause a lot of problems, because it is not recommended to engage in dental treatment during gestation.

An ophthalmologist will help if a woman already has problems with her eyesight, because during pregnancy such women experience an even greater deterioration in vision. Sometimes, on the basis of the recommendations of an ophthalmologist, a woman is forbidden to give birth on her own, she is prescribed a caesarean section.

What to do to conceive a healthy child

To maximize the chances of having a healthy child, it is recommended to calculate the most favorable time for conception, as well as create the most conducive conditions for fertilization. To do this, in about 3-4 months, a woman needs to stop taking contraceptives and determine the timing of ovulation. It is also necessary to exclude the influence of bad habits, and in both parents.

A woman needs to take care of the psycho-emotional side of life, so any experiences, stressful situations, and even more so depressive states, must be excluded. Have a good rest, change harmful and hard work for safer and easier activities, spend more time outside the city in the fresh air.

Preparation and examination before conception will save the spouses from many problems, facilitate the upcoming pregnancy and ensure the birth of a baby with excellent health.

The birth of a child is one of the most significant events in life. And many couples prepare for it in advance. If future parents take care of family planning and pass a series of tests, the likelihood of a successful pregnancy and the birth of a healthy child will increase several times.

It is no secret that many children born were not planned by their parents. However, every year the number of couples who are serious about conceiving a child is increasing. The better prepared potential parents are, the more likely it is that the expectant mother will more easily endure the pregnancy and give birth to a healthy baby. In order to determine how ready the future parents are to conceive, it is necessary to pass a number of tests and pay a visit to several doctors.

What tests should a woman take before pregnancy

Family planning for a woman begins with a visit to the gynecologist's office. You will significantly help the doctor if, even before taking, remember all your diseases and calculate the duration of the menstrual cycle. Don't forget to bring your medical card. The information provided will help the doctor to make a complete picture of the examination.

So, the list of analyzes:

• Gynecologist - a consultation with a gynecologist is very important, this is a profiling doctor who will manage the entire pregnancy.
• Dentist - timely examination of the oral cavity and treatment of diseased teeth will eliminate the risk of a dangerous infection.
• Otolaryngologist. Diseases of the ENT organs are also dangerous and even in chronic form will be a constant source of infection.
• Cardiologist. An additional load on the cardiovascular system of a woman during pregnancy and childbirth can be harmful if there are diseases or pathologies in this area.
• Allergist.
• vaginal smear for flora;
• general, biochemical blood test;
• general urine analysis;
• scraping from the cervix for a PCR study;
• scraping cytology;
• thyroid hormones;
• Ultrasound of the breast and thyroid gland, pelvic organs, to exclude the presence of pathology;
• the presence of antibodies to toxoplasmosis, herpes virus, rubella, cytomegalovirus, human papillomavirus;
• antibodies to HIV, syphilis, gonococcus, mycoplasma, gardnerella;
• antibodies to Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus;
• blood clotting test;
• analysis for hepatitis B and C;
• HIV analysis;
• analysis for syphilis;
• PCR for latent infections;
• colposcopy;
• PCR study of scrapings made from the cervix - for the presence of pathogens of herpes, cytomegalovirus, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis;
• study of the level of thyroid hormones TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone of the pituitary gland that regulates thyroid function), T3 (thyroxine), T4 (triiodothyronine).

1. First of all, you will be examined on a chair and a colposcopy will be performed. This is a diagnostic examination using a special device - a colposcope. Using this procedure and taking a cytological smear, an assessment of the condition of the cervix is ​​\u200b\u200bproduced. The main task before planning a child is to eliminate the sources of infections and the cause of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, you will be prescribed several referrals for testing and for ultrasound diagnostics.

2. The standard list of tests before pregnancy includes a general urine and blood test. The first analysis reflects the general condition of the body and allows you to identify diseases of the genitourinary tract. A blood test determines the level of hemoglobin and helps to track the inflammatory processes occurring in the body. Also mandatory is a blood test for sugar, a biochemical blood test that allows you to evaluate the work of the most important organs and a coagulogram. The last analysis determines blood clotting.

3. PCR diagnostics of infections is one of the most necessary procedures. This is a blood test for many dangerous infections that pose a considerable danger to the development and life of the fetus.

One of the most important components of preparing for conception is checking the body for the presence of Torch infections. The abbreviation Torch is formed from the most dangerous for the child infectious diseases: toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma), rubella (Rubella), cytomegalovirus (Cytomegalovirus) and genital herpes (Herpes). If at least one of the listed pathogens is found in a woman during pregnancy, then most likely she will have to have an abortion. And if pregnancy has not yet occurred, conception should be postponed until recovery.

The results of PCR diagnostics will clarify whether you are sick with other diseases:

• ureaplasmosis;
• gardnerellosis;
• chlamydia;
• mycoplasmosis.

If you are not sure that you had rubella as a child, be sure to get tested to find out if there is a risk of infection during pregnancy. The disease can lead to intrauterine malformations of the fetus. If you have already had rubella, you can safely plan a child. If you have never had it, it is better to get vaccinated to avoid infection during gestation. Pregnancy is allowed three months after the introduction of the vaccine.

4. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs reveals diseases and pathological processes that prevent conception and the normal course of pregnancy. The study is scheduled for 5-7 and 21-23 days of the cycle. At the first stage, the general condition of the pelvic organs is assessed.

At the second stage, the transformation of the endometrium and the presence of the corpus luteum are determined (whether ovulation has occurred). During the ultrasound, doctors often diagnose problems that require surgical intervention: ovarian cyst, uterine fibroids, polyp of the uterine mucosa.

5. Your blood will be checked for such dangerous diseases as hepatitis B (HbSAg), hepatitis C (HCV), HIV and syphilis (RW).

6. It is necessary to find out the blood group and Rh factor of both the woman and her husband. A positive Rh factor in a wife and a negative Rh factor in a husband does not cause concern. But if, according to the results of blood tests, a negative Rh is found in a future mother, and a positive one in a man, then an Rh conflict is possible during pregnancy.

This is especially true for women who have ever had a blood transfusion, pregnancy, abortion or other surgical operation, because the likelihood of formation of specific antibodies in their blood increases. An Rh conflict can occur between an Rh-positive baby and an Rh-negative mother, leading to immune complications such as hemolytic disease of the newborn.

With a negative Rh of a woman, a positive Rh of a man and in the absence of a titer of Rh antibodies, Rh immunization is carried out before pregnancy. A blood type conflict is less common, but doctors should take this fact into account as well.

7. The next important criterion for assessing the reproductive ability of a woman is the determination of the concentration of hormones in her blood. Hormone analyzes are optional. An examination may be prescribed for menstrual irregularities, overweight, unsuccessful attempts to conceive a child for more than a year, and previous pregnancies with an unsuccessful outcome.

The specific list of hormones to be tested for will be determined by your doctor based on your circumstances and health. Most hormones are examined on days 5-7 and on days 21-23 of the cycle. This list may include:

• prolactin, which affects ovulation;
• testosterone, a high rate of which can cause miscarriage;
• DHEA sulfate, on which the work of the ovaries depends;
• progesterone, responsible for maintaining pregnancy;
• estradiol, which determines the development of the uterus, fallopian tubes and endometrium;
• prolactin, which is responsible for the process of ovulation;
• thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism;
• luteinizing hormone (LH), which affects ovulation.

8. Preparation for the conception of a child will be incomplete without a study of the potential future mother for the factors of miscarriage. For this, tests are taken from her that determine the content of antibodies to cardiolipin, chorionic gonadotropin, phospholipids and lupus anticoagulant is detected.

9. A comprehensive examination ends with a visit to the ENT doctor, dentist and therapist. An ENT doctor will determine if you suffer from chronic diseases of the throat, nose and ear. It is impossible to allow the acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections, which were severely endured by the mother, not to disrupt the development nervous system fetus.

During pregnancy, it is difficult to carry out full-fledged dental treatment, and at the same time, infections in the oral cavity provoke inflammatory processes. Therefore, it is ideal to solve dental problems before a woman is in position.

General urine and blood tests should be shown to the therapist. Based on the research and examination, the specialist will make a conclusion about the state of your health. You may be assigned additional diagnostics and appropriate treatment.

What tests should a man take

It is up to the woman to bear the unborn child. Nevertheless, half of the genetic material received by the baby belongs to the man. Not all husbands like to visit doctors, so the wife can reassure her husband that taking tests and visiting the clinic by a man is much faster and easier.

What you need to hand over to the future father:

1. General analysis of blood and urine, which determine the state of health, the presence of infectious and inflammatory diseases in the body.
2. Determination of blood type and Rh factor to identify the possibility of a Rh conflict between mother and fetus.
3. Blood test for sexually transmitted diseases. If a man is infected with any infection, he must be cured before conception.
4. Additional studies prescribed by the doctor. Among them may be a hormonal blood test, a spermogram (sperm study) and an analysis of prostate secretion. If all tests are normal, and pregnancy does not occur, the man will have to take an analysis for the compatibility of spouses.

When might you need to visit a geneticist?

Married couples should take genetic tests:

• having in the family hereditary diseases(mental illness, hemophilia, Duchenne myopathy, diabetes and others);
• where a man and a woman are in adulthood, because aging chromosome cells increase the risk of pathology during the formation of an embryo;
• whose relatives suffer from mental and physical retardation for no apparent external reason;
• who have already had two or more regressive pregnancies;
• whose child has a hereditary disease.

If there is a good reason for a genetic study, a visit to a geneticist should not be neglected. Remember that hereditary diseases can appear several generations later in your child.

If the test results are normal, you can safely start preparing for conception. All future parents are advised not to smoke, not to drink alcohol, not to take medicines, not to go to the bathhouse for several months and take care of their health. stick proper nutrition and take your vitamins. Planning for pregnancy means taking care of your unborn baby!

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Video: Preparing for pregnancy

The obstetrician talks in detail about preparing women for pregnancy. A list of tests that must be taken before pregnancy is given: STDs, Torch infections, hormones, vaginal candidiasis. It is also necessary to visit a dentist, gynecologist, therapist, etc. Follow the rules of personal hygiene and lead a healthy lifestyle.

Where should future parents start planning pregnancy in order to reduce the risk of having an unhealthy child. You have to start with yourself, with your lifestyle. It is optimal to undergo a medical examination 2-3 months before the planned conception. The scope of the examination at the stage of pregnancy planning is selected individually, based on the age of the parents, the presence chronic diseases, heredity, etc. Therefore, the examination plan when planning pregnancy is selected individually.

It would seem that it is so easy to conceive a child, there would be a desire ... And if the body is not ready? It is better to find out about this a few months before the intended conception. In any case, the couple will have time to restore health and give birth to a healthy baby.

Step number 1. Examination before conception

A comprehensive diagnostic examination is one of the most important tasks facing future parents. Where to begin? From a visit to the gynecologist. It is good if the couple prepares in advance for the first reception. You need to remember your chronic and hereditary diseases, the approximate duration of the menstrual cycle, grab a medical card for an appointment, as some diseases transferred even in childhood can have a negative impact on the health of the unborn child. Detailed information will help the doctor to make the most complete picture of the future examination, to identify problems.

During the appointment, the gynecologist will conduct an examination and take swabs, write out referrals for tests and general clinical studies: a general blood and urine test, a blood test for HIV, hepatitis, ultrasound diagnostics of the pelvic organs (ovaries and uterus).

The main thing before pregnancy is to eliminate all possible internal sources of infections. Therefore, the expectant mother is sent to an in-depth study of all body systems.

Step number 2. Tests for infections: rubella, toxoplasma, cytomegalovirus and others

Most infections are dangerous when they first become infected during pregnancy. Therefore, an analysis for infections is given in order to find out if you have had this or that disease before. And if not, then special care should be taken during pregnancy. The abbreviation appeared from the first letters of the most dangerous infections for the fetus: Toxoplasma (toxoplasma infection) - Rubella (rubella) - Cytomegalovirus (cytomegalovirus) - Herpes (herpes).

When it is known for sure that you were ill in childhood, this item can be skipped. In case of uncertainty, you need to take an analysis for antibodies - IgG and IgM. If IgM is detected, then you first became infected with the virus (this situation is quite rare). Pregnancy cannot be planned for 3 months. But IgG, on the contrary, should be - their presence indicates a past disease and the acquisition of immunity to rubella. If both IgM and IgG are absent, then you need to be vaccinated so as not to get infected during pregnancy. You can plan pregnancy three months after vaccination.

Toxoplasma is an antibody test for a toxoplasma infection that occurs from domestic animals, most often from cats. Approximately 15% of women of reproductive age have had such an infection, that is, 75% of women can become infected with Toxoplasma during pregnancy. If there are no IgG and IgM antibodies during the test, then there is a risk of getting sick during pregnancy. It is recommended to limit your contact with dogs and cats, thoroughly boil or fry meat, be sure to wash and clean vegetables and fruits before eating, do not clean the cat litter box without disposable gloves, wash your hands well after any manipulations with meat and seafood.

Infection with cytomegalovirus during pregnancy threatens developmental pathologies and intrauterine infection of the fetus. The infection is usually transmitted by airborne droplets. If a high level of cytomegalovirus is detected in the blood during preparation for pregnancy, you should undergo a course of antiviral therapy and only then plan to conceive. If the result is negative, some precautions should be taken: wash your hands well before eating, do not kiss small children on the lips, and it is advisable to limit your communication with them, especially if you work in a preschool institution.

The herpes virus lives in the body for life. Any treatment is aimed only at reducing its activity. It will not be possible to completely get rid of it. Therefore, tests are given in order to assess the risk of primary infection during pregnancy.

In the event that something bothers (itching, burning, profuse discharge), there were pregnancies with an unsuccessful outcome, or a woman is preparing for IVF, it is necessary to analyze for genital infections (chlamydia, myco- and ureaplasma, gardnerella). If herpes is found in a future mother, the husband also needs to be tested for these infections.

Step number 3. Hormonal background

Assessment of the hormonal background of a woman, determination of the concentration of hormones in the blood, taking into account the phase of the menstrual cycle, is an important criterion for examination. Hormones are the main link in building the reproductive function of women and men, the successful implementation of which depends on the work of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovaries system. If one of the components fails, the entire work of the reproductive system changes, and, consequently, the ability to conceive decreases. When a woman has a broken cycle, there is increased hair growth, acne, obesity, there were pregnancies with an unsuccessful outcome (regression, miscarriage), the doctor must send for research. It determines the list of hormones to be tested for. Each case is individual.

Step number 4. Blood type

During the period, it is recommended for a couple to determine blood groups and Rh, to do an analysis for antibodies to the Rh factor. A positive Rh factor in a woman and a negative one in a man do not represent any cause for concern. If the wife has Rh-negative blood, and the husband has Rh-positive blood, then development is possible during pregnancy. A future mother who has undergone a surgical operation (including an abortion), a blood transfusion, or pregnancy is not the first, is likely to form specific antibodies in the blood. An Rh-negative mother with an Rh-positive baby may have immune complications (hemolytic disease of the newborn, etc.), which mainly manifests itself from the second and subsequent pregnancies.

Less often there is a conflict on the blood group. The likelihood of a conflict increases in the following combinations: a woman has I blood type, a man has any other; a woman has group II, and a man has group III or IV; a woman has a III blood group, and a man has II or IV. With such combinations, it is recommended to examine the blood for antibodies to group antigens if the planned pregnancy is not the first. When the first - it is necessary to conduct a study on group antibodies from the 8th week of pregnancy.

Step #5. Ultrasound

At the stage of pregnancy planning, ultrasound is performed in the first phase of the cycle. are revealed various diseases pelvic organs, in which the ability to conceive is impaired. In some cases, surgery may be required: fibroids - a benign tumor of the uterus, or an ovarian tumor, a polyp of the uterine mucosa. Ultrasound examination will help to exclude the presence of pathological processes in the genital organs and ensure a smooth pregnancy and successful birth of a child.

Step number 6. Clinical examination before conceiving a child

The mandatory program for the expectant mother also includes a visit to the ENT doctor, dentist and therapist. What are they needed for?

Dentist. It is widely believed that during pregnancy, the teeth must "crumble". Before pregnancy, teeth should be treated, and during it, a woman should take care to get enough calcium. Then not a single tooth will suffer during pregnancy.

ENT doctor. This consultation is very important, because it is necessary to determine whether you have chronic diseases of the ear, nose and throat. Any pregnancy is accompanied by a weakening of immunological protection. That is, you will catch all the infections hovering on the bus, subway and above the workplace, much more often than before pregnancy. You can not allow trouble to get through the placental barrier to your baby. ARVI, influenza, severely endured by the mother, can cause developmental disorders of the baby's nervous system.

Therapist. FROM general analyzes blood and urine, you need to visit a therapist who, based on research data and examination, will give an opinion on your state of health. If necessary, the doctor will prescribe a more detailed diagnosis. After that, if necessary, prescribe the appropriate treatment.

In certain cases, you will need to visit an endocrinologist, a geneticist and other specialists.

Step number 7. Preparing for conception

If everything turned out to be in order, you can start preparing for conception. Expectant parents are advised not to take any medication for 2-3 months without consulting a gynecologist. Don't smoke, don't drink alcoholic beverages, do not abuse coffee, eat more fruits and vegetables, do not take hot baths, do not go to baths and saunas, try not to get sick, start taking vitamins with folic acid. Take care of your health - and nothing will overshadow the long-awaited meeting with the baby!

Expert: Nina Ulyanova, Head of the Obstetric Physiological Department, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology. V.F. Snegireva, candidate of medical sciences, doctor of the highest medical category