home » Engineering systems » Application of an oil solution of vitamin a for the skin of the face. Liquid oil solution of vitamin e for the treatment of diseases Vitamin a instructions for use in drops

Application of an oil solution of vitamin a for the skin of the face. Liquid oil solution of vitamin e for the treatment of diseases Vitamin a instructions for use in drops

Metabolic processes and the respiratory system, bone formation and hormone synthesis, strong immunity, eye, skin and digestive system health. Responsible for all this organic compound- vitamin A - for children, especially the smallest, it is vital.

Fat-soluble vitamin A, also known as retinol, is formed in the body from provitamin beta-carotene under the action of enzymes in the small intestine. Already during the period of bearing a child, he takes an active part in the development of the fetus, placenta, strengthens the immune system and maintains the normal state of the organs of a pregnant woman. In order for the born baby to grow and develop normally, it is necessary that vitamin A be present in his diet (and in the diet of the mother, if she is breastfeeding).

Vitamin A: benefits and content in foods

When a young mother solves the problem of "vitaminization", the main questions that concern her are "for what?", "from what?" and “is it necessary at all?” Vitamin A is definitely necessary for a child, because:

promotes the growth and formation of the skeleton;
regulates the functions of the digestive and respiratory systems;
improves eyesight;
regenerates mucous membranes.

To realize all these properties most fully, you need nutrition, which may contain such products:

During the culinary processing of the above products, some of their properties are lost, therefore, when eating ready-made food, only up to 85% of the useful substance is absorbed.

By the way, retinol is much better absorbed "in the company" of vitamin E, which is contained, for example, in vegetable oil.

How to enrich the child's diet? If complementary foods have already been introduced, treat your child with carrot puree several times a week. For variety, you can alternate it with a mixed puree, such as carrot-apple.

Do I need to "vitaminize"

Doctors usually recommend vitamins (or their complexes) in conditions of poor ecology and low biological value of products with which it is difficult to obtain all the necessary amount of nutrients. This is especially true for babies under one year old. Here are the main factors by which you can determine the need for additional "fortification".

Lactation. If mom is familiar with the principles proper nutrition and adhered to them during and after pregnancy, there are no stresses in her life, and she is often in the sun - up to 6 months, breast milk is enough for a child, but only on condition that useful substances enter the milk.
Artificial feeding. Vitamin supplements are assigned to "artificial" babies already at 3-4 weeks of age, in greater numbers than to infants.
Age after 6 months. At this time, the doctor already advises drugs that should be preferred. It takes into account the characteristics of complementary foods, the diet of the mother, regional, climatic and epidemiological characteristics. An important indicator is heredity.

In what form, when and how much to give

For kids, only special, children's vitamins are suitable: they have a different dosage and composition than those of "adult" products. There is no fundamental difference in the forms of release, because the beneficial substance acts the same in any form. You can get vitamin A for kids in drops, as well as in syrup or gel form - these are the easiest to use. In addition, the vials are supplied with pipettes with dispensers, which allows you to accurately determine the amount.

Now let's talk about how and in what volume it is necessary to give such drugs.

Reception time and quantity

Best of all, the metabolism “works” in the first half of the day (morning and afternoon), any useful substances are perfectly absorbed. If you are breastfeeding, aim for an especially high vitamin A breakfast. If you are giving your baby drops, this should be done either with meals or immediately after meals.

Sometimes a doctor advises retinol for a preventive purpose - it is usually recommended to take it 15 minutes after a meal, once or twice a day (for example, in the morning and in the evening). But this is not a universal principle: recommendations for all children are individual.

Carefully read the instructions that indicate the required amount, or follow the doctor's special instructions. To help you get your bearings, here are general guidelines for how much vitamin A per day children of a certain age should get. Doses are given in milligrams, micrograms and international units, since different manufacturers have different designations.

Age	mg (milligram)	mcg (microgram)	IU (international unit)
up to 6 months	0,4	400	1333
from 7 to 12 months	0.5	500	1667
1 - 3 years	0,3	300	1000

Possible allergy

Make sure that the preparations do not contain fragrances, preservatives, dyes that can cause allergic reactions even in healthy children. You need to watch for the following signs:

skin itching;
dryness or peeling of the skin;
poor appetite (for several feedings).

In this case, the drug should be discontinued and consult a pediatrician. Allergy often disappears without a trace when prescribing the same remedy, but from a different manufacturer.

Shortage and overdose

Despite the ability to accumulate in the body, a lack of vitamin A in a child is possible. Special tests for vitamin and mineral characteristics of blood cannot be taken in a regular clinic, but there are some characteristic signs of hypovitaminosis.

General state . growth retardation. Insomnia. Frequent infections (gastrointestinal, respiratory tract).
Skin. Dry, pale, flaky. Cracks on the balls of the fingers, on the soles. Greyish itchy patches on abdomen, buttocks, elbows, knees.
Hair . Dull with dandruff. Hair loss is possible.
mucous membranes. Erosion (often manifested in the form of stomatitis), pustules (furunculosis).
Eyes . Inflammation (conjunctivitis, etc.) Impaired lacrimation and dryness of the cornea (can be judged by loss of luster). Photophobia.

Hypovitaminosis A is especially dangerous at an early age - it can cause blindness (due to melting of the cornea and perforation of the eyeball).

It is necessary to contact a specialist in a timely manner. In the case of a specific or severe hypovitaminosis condition, intramuscular injections of an oily solution of retinol acetate may be prescribed. Only an experienced doctor can determine the volume of injections and carry out the procedures correctly.

There are cases of hypervitaminosis A. In this case, the child:

possible hydrocephalus;
increased intracranial pressure;
the fontanel swells, pulsates;
there is vomiting, increased urination, sweating, rash.

Analyzing the feedback from parents, especially about vitamins A and D, we can conclude: moderation is the main principle. You can not use these funds uncontrollably, in the absence of indications, without the advice of a doctor. Doses, course of administration - all this should be controlled by a specialist.

Please note: vitamin A for children under one year old is required if they are often sick, and especially if there is a lag in mental or physical development.

European scientists have calculated that even with a balanced diet and a varied diet, the lack of vitamins in the body can reach 20-30%. Many parents would like to provide their baby with useful substances only through natural food, but, obviously: in reality, this desire cannot be fully realized. This means that vitamin A for children (especially those who are often sick, as well as in seasons when many products are not available) should be of pharmaceutical origin, and only a doctor can recommend the method of its use.

Vitamin E is used to treat and prevent diseases. The drug restores activity internal organs protecting them from free radicals.

Vitamin E is part of drugs that tone blood vessels, improve blood flow, and regulate muscle tissue.

Medicines based on tocopherol improve digestion, provide prevention of gastritis, pancreatitis.

Description of the drug with tocopherol

Vitamin E comes in different forms. An oily solution is popular, its name is e "Alpha-tocopherol acetate". The drug is prescribed if indicated, taken orally. The main active ingredient is vitamin E, sunflower oil enhances its effect. Alpha-tocopherol acetate is an oily liquid without a characteristic odor. The drug has a yellowish or greenish color.

Tocopherol affects the body in different ways, it is an antioxidant. Studies have shown that vitamin E protects cell membranes from the effects of free radicals. The active substances of alpha-tocopherol acetate have a complex effect on the body. They improve the condition of muscle tissue, have a beneficial effect on nervous system. The dosed use of the oil composition ensures the prevention of physical and mental illnesses.

When vitamin E is combined with drugs containing selenium, the oxidation of fatty acids is suppressed. Medicines reinforce each other's effects, they provide prevention of hemolysis of erythrocytes. An oil solution in drops can be prescribed for pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract and duodenum. Tocopherol is rapidly absorbed. Means with this component normalize the activity of the pancreas. They act quickly and for a long time. The effect persists after 3 hours. Active components are also localized in the structures of adipose tissue.

Tocopherol during pregnancy is used with the permission of a doctor. A certain amount of active ingredients (about 25%) penetrates into the blood of the unborn child. In any case, an overdose should not be allowed. As mentioned above, the drug has a beneficial effect on blood vessels. Tocopherol improves the elasticity of veins, its use is advisable for the disease "Atherosclerosis". Drops provide prevention of degenerative-dystrophic changes in muscles. Tocopherol improves the functioning of the reproductive system, normalizes hemoglobin levels, renews blood plasma. The instructions state that the drug in drops is prescribed if there are indications, and if the body lacks vitamin E.

Contraindications to vitamin E

If the body shows hypersensitivity, it is worth abandoning tocopherol.
Contraindication for use is myocardial infarction.
If there are disorders associated with blood clotting, it is worth refusing tocopherol treatment.
The drug is not prescribed for thromboembolism.

Tocopherol for the treatment of diseases

Dosages are individual. Instructions for use contains information about the composition of the drug and the frequency of use. Alpha-tocopherol acetate contains powerful components: 1 ml of the product contains from 50 to 300 mg of tocopherol.

The drug may cause side effects. Some patients develop allergies, visual impairment, headache. Overdose can lead to vomiting, stool disorder. Uncontrolled, underdosed medication leads to dangerous pathologies, one of these is thrombophlebitis. If a man abuses vitamin E, erectile dysfunction occurs.

Instructions for use contains information regarding dosages. Vitamin E is found in foods. To make up for its shortage, you need to include corn oil, eggs, and meat in your diet. Tocopherol is not used to treat burns, heart pathologies, peptic ulcers. The effectiveness of the drug for alopecia has not been proven.

At a temperature of +15 degrees, liquid tocopherol is stored for 2 years. The medication must be kept in a dry place. . Oil solution is used in cosmetology, it is part of the products that improve skin tightness. Medicines with this component provide prevention of premature aging. Healing vitamin is part of the masks. If wrinkles appear on the skin, it is worth using creams with tocopherol.

Vitamin E in ampoules promotes skin regeneration. It activates the production of collagen and elastin, thus has a lifting effect. Preparations based on tocopherol provide prevention of inflammatory skin diseases, they help the body to destroy free radicals. Vitamin E is used to treat acne. Before using vitamin E, you need to consult a doctor. The doctor will prescribe the dosage required in this case.

Vitamin A- This is a group of chemicals that affect the organs and systems of the body, ranging from eye health to the condition of the skin. The anti-inflammatory properties of retinol fight skin rashes, including acne and teenage acne. External use of the substance also provides gentle care, relieving dermatological problems such as seborrhea, dermatosis and psoriasis.

Thanks to the complex action, vitamin A has become in demand both in medicine and in cosmetology. Retinol is used in anti-aging products because it stimulates the production of collagen, which is responsible for firmness, smoothness and elasticity of the skin. It also proved to be excellent in the care of problem skin and in the treatment of acne.

The benefits of retinol in dermatology

The use of vitamin A has two directions - dermatological and cosmetic. It can be used for medicinal purposes in skin diseases, as well as to eliminate various kinds of epidermal defects.

The natural compound has the following beneficial properties:

Anti-inflammatory	Helps in the presence of pathological processes, accompanied by the formation of foci of inflammation and extensive infected areas. Helps to eliminate acne, seborrheic eczema, dermatosis, furunculosis.
anti-aging	In addition to activating the production of collagen, vitamin A also has a stimulating effect on the production of elastin, which is responsible for tissue elasticity. Along with this, the natural component actively affects age spots, scars and scars left after acne, smoothes the skin of the face, and restores its natural healthy color.
restorative	Retinol stimulates regeneration processes in tissues, normalizes blood circulation, saturates the skin with oxygen.
Antioxidant	Neutralizes the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation, helps eliminate free radicals that have a destructive effect on collagen.
Moisturizing and nourishing	Stabilizes the water balance in the skin cells, prevents it from drying out and premature aging. Vitamin A in liquid form allows you to saturate the tissues with nutrient fluid and compensate for the lack of collagen.

Among other things, retinol produces an antibacterial effect, helps to even out the relief of the face and remove keratinized particles of the epidermis.

Use in its purest form

Vitamin A can be used both in its pure form and as part of therapeutic masks. The substance as an independent agent should be used as follows:

Not a large number of oil solution is applied to a cotton pad, then rubbed with light massage movements into problem areas and left on the skin for 20 minutes. At the end of the time, the product should be washed off. The procedure is recommended to be carried out at least twice a week, preferably before going to bed.

Homemade mask recipes

Vitamin A is a universal cosmetic product. Suitable for all skin types.

Indications	Recipes
Dry skin	To prepare the mask, you need to mix one ampoule of vitamin A with half a spoon of glycerin. Apply the finished product on the face and neck with a thin layer, you can not wash it off, because it will be absorbed into the pores. The combination of these ingredients provides active hydration, as well as replenishment of the lack of moisture.
Peeling	2 tbsp. spoons of cottage cheese brought to a mushy consistency mixed with vegetable oil, add an oil solution of retinol to the resulting combination of ingredients. Mix all ingredients well until creamy. Ready cottage cheese mixture apply to the surface of the face. The duration of the procedure is 15 minutes, after which the mask should be removed with a damp cloth or rinsed with warm water.
wrinkles	This use of vitamin A is suitable for aging skin. In this case, 2 drops of the undiluted solution should be added to the Curiosin gel, after which the composition should be supplemented with a couple of drops of Aevit. The components of the mask are mixed, then the resulting mixture is applied to the area around the eyes and aged for 15 minutes. It is recommended to repeat this kind of manipulation every other day. The duration of the course is 10 days.
acne	To prepare such a mask, you need to mix white clay with retinol in a 1: 1 ratio. The components should be thoroughly mixed until a mushy solution is obtained. Apply the finished mask on the face and neck, hold for 15 minutes. At the end of the time, the composition must be washed off with warm running water.
Problem skin	10 drops of liquid vitamin A, a tablespoon of any nourishing cream and 0.5 teaspoons of aloe juice are mixed until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Apply the prepared mixture on the face. The duration of the procedure is 30 minutes, after which the mask should be washed off with warm water.

Masks based on liquid retinol can eliminate many skin problems, while they effectively nourish the epidermis, prevent premature aging, and restore water balance in cells.

To get positive results with the use of vitamin A, you should follow some recommendations. These include:

any liquid vitamins require a lower storage temperature;
in order to avoid puffiness, retinol is recommended not to be used at night;
it is best to apply the product a couple of hours before bedtime and remove with a damp cloth;
the continuous use of the vitamin is prohibited;
without fail, before using the product, an allergic reaction test should be carried out;
retinol is one of the active substances, therefore its use is recommended from 35 years and above;
when preparing masks, it is strictly forbidden to use various acids, for example, lemon juice or fermented milk products;
The therapeutic course should not exceed 2 months;
after application of the solution, direct skin exposure to sunlight should not be allowed.

In some cases, Vitamin A can be harmful to the body, so it is better not to use the product in its pure form and without prior allergy testing. It is better to mix the oil with other ingredients that will soften the aggressive effect of the substance.

There are cases when the oil solution is contraindicated for use. The instructions indicate that the tool is forbidden to use in the presence of hypersensitivity to vitamin A, in the presence of open and purulent wounds, as well as in the course of serious diseases of the circulatory system.

Instructions for medical use medicinal product

RETINOL ACETATE

Tradename

Retinol acetate

International non-proprietary name

Dosage form

Oil solution 3.44% and 8.60% for oral and external use, 10 ml, 50 ml

Compound

1 liter of the drug contains

active substance: retinol acetate 34.4 g or 86.0 g, or oil concentrate 1500000 IU/g 66.67 g or 166.67 g, or oil concentrate 2800000 IU/g 35.72 g or 89.29 g,

Excipients: butylhydroxytoluene (2,6-ditretbutyl-p-cresol), refined deodorized sunflower oil.

Description

Transparent oily liquid from light yellow to dark yellow without rancid odor.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Vitamins. Vitamin A and D and their combination. Vitamin A. Retinol.

ATX code A11CA01

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacokinetics

It is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (mainly from the duodenum and jejunum), the presence of bile acids, pancreatic lipase, proteins and fats is required. Communication with plasma proteins (lipoproteins) is normal - less than 5%; with excessive use of vitamin A with food and overflow of the liver depot, its connection with plasma lipoproteins can reach up to 65%. The amount of vitamin A bound to lipoproteins may increase with hyperlipoproteinemia. When released from the liver depot, vitamin A forms a complex with retinol-binding protein, in the form of which it circulates in the blood. IN small quantities passes into breast milk and through the placenta. It is deposited in the liver (approximately in the amount of the two-year requirement of an adult organism), in small quantities - in the kidneys, in the lungs. To mobilize vitamin A from the depot, zinc-containing substances are required.

Metabolized in the liver. It is excreted through the rectum (unabsorbed part) and by the kidneys.

Pharmacodynamics

Vitamin A has a general strengthening effect, normalizes tissue metabolism; participates in redox processes (due to a large number of unsaturated bonds), in the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, proteins, lipids, in mineral metabolism, in the processes of cholesterol formation. It enhances the production of lipase and trypsin, enhances myelopoiesis, cell division processes. Increases the body's resistance to infection. It enhances the division of epithelial skin cells, inhibits the processes of keratinization, enhances the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. Participates in the processes of photoreception (improves visual adaptation to darkness).

Indications for use

hypovitaminosis, avitaminosis A

In the complex therapy of conditions accompanied by an increased need for vitamin A:

infectious-inflammatory (including chronic) and "cold" diseases

skin lesions and diseases (frostbite of the 1st degree, burns of the 1st degree, ichthyosis, hyperkeratosis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, neurodermatitis, some forms of eczema)

eye diseases (retinitis pigmentosa, hemeralopia, xerophthalmia, keratomalacia, eczematous lesions of the eyelids)

gastrointestinal diseases associated with malabsorption of retinol (gastrectomy, diarrhea, steatorrhea, celiac disease, Crohn's disease, malabsorption syndrome)

Dosage and administration

The use of the drug, especially in large doses, must be carried out under medical supervision. The drug is taken orally (10-15 minutes after eating) early in the morning or late in the evening.

The highest single therapeutic dose for adults - 50,000 IU, daily - 100,000 IU; for children, respectively - 5000 IU and 20000 IU.

For therapeutic purposes, for mild to moderate beriberi, adults are prescribed up to 33,000 IU per day (retinol acetate, solution in oil 3.44% - 6 drops), children over 7 years old - 5,000 IU per day (1 drop of retinol acetate, solution in oil 3.44%).

For eye diseases, adults are prescribed 50,000-100,000 IU per day (a solution of retinol acetate in oil 3.44% - 10-20 drops) and at the same time 0.02 g of riboflavin. Children are given from 1000 to 5000 IU per day, depending on age.

For skin diseases, adults are prescribed 50,000-100,000 IU of retinol acetate per day and 5,000-10,000-20,000 IU for children.

The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor depending on the nature and severity of the disease.

Externally prescribed for frostbite, burns. After cleaning, the affected area is lubricated with a solution and covered with a gauze bandage (up to 5-6 times a day, as scarring and epithelization, the frequency of lubrication is reduced to 1 time per day), while retinol is administered orally or intramuscularly.

Side effects

allergic reactions

Long-term daily intake of vitamin A can cause intoxication, hypervitaminosis A. Symptoms of hypervitaminosis A in adults - headache, drowsiness, lethargy, flushing of the face, nausea, vomiting, bone pain lower extremities, gait disturbance. Children may experience: fever, drowsiness, sweating, vomiting, skin rashes.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug

Hypervitaminosis A

Cholelithiasis

Chronic pancreatitis

Acute inflammatory skin diseases

Children's age up to 7 years

Pregnancy

Carefully: nephritis, heart failure stage II-III, alcoholism, liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, renal failure, old age.

Drug Interactions

During long-term therapy with tetracyclines, it is not recommended to prescribe vitamin A (the risk of developing intracranial hypertension increases).

Salicylates and glucocorticosteroids reduce the risk of side effects. Retinol reduces the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids.

Colestyramine, colestipol, nitrates, mineral oils, neomycin reduce the absorption of vitamin A (dose may need to be increased).

Oral contraceptives increase the plasma concentration of vitamin A.

Isotretinoin increases the risk of a toxic effect.

Reduces (mutually) the risk of hypervitaminosis D.

Weakens the effect of calcium preparations, increases the risk of hypercalcemia.

The effect of retinol enhances tocopherol and its preparations.

special instructions

In some cases, on the first day of use, itchy maculopapular rashes may occur, which requires discontinuation of the drug.

With a decrease in the dose or with a temporary withdrawal of the drug, side effects disappear on their own.

In the case of taking large doses of vitamin A, there may be an exacerbation of gallstone disease and chronic pancreatitis.

Pregnancy and lactation

Currently, there is no evidence of adverse effects when taking the drug during pregnancy at the recommended daily doses (vitamin A crosses the placenta in small amounts). However, it should be borne in mind that if the recommended doses are exceeded, the fetus may experience malformations of the urinary system, intrauterine growth retardation, and early closure of the epiphyseal growth zones. During pregnancy, it is not recommended to use vitamin A preparations. The teratogenic effect of high doses of retinol persists even after stopping its use, therefore it is recommended to plan a pregnancy when using the drug only after 6-12 months. To avoid the risk of fetotoxic effects, nursing mothers should not exceed the maximum recommended dose - 1.8 thousand RE / day (6 thousand IU / day).

Do not take at the same time as other multivitamin complexes containing vitamin A, in order to avoid overdose.

Features of the influence of the drug on the ability to drive a vehicle or potentially dangerous mechanisms

No information available.

Overdose

Symptoms of acute overdose(develop 6 hours after ingestion), manifestations of hypervitaminosis A in adults: drowsiness, lethargy, double vision, dizziness, severe headache, nausea, indomitable vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, bleeding gums, dryness and ulceration of the oral mucosa, peeling lips, skin (especially of the palms), confusion, increased intracranial pressure, in infants - hydrocephalus, protrusion of the fontanel.

Symptoms of chronic intoxication: loss of appetite, bone pain, cracked and dry skin, dryness of the oral mucosa, lips, gastralgia, vomiting, hyperthermia, asthenia, excessive fatigue, headache, photosensitivity, pollakiuria, nocturia, polyuria, irritability, hair loss, yellow-orange spots on the soles, palms, in the area of the nasolabial triangle, hepatotoxic phenomena, intraocular hypertension, oligomenorrhea, portal hypertension, hemolytic anemia, changes in bone radiographs, convulsions.

Treatment: drug withdrawal, symptomatic therapy.

As an antagonist, L-thyroxine is prescribed, as well as ascorbic acid, mannitol (reduces intracranial pressure and eliminates the symptoms of meningism), glucocorticoids (accelerates the metabolism of vitamin A in the liver).

Vitamin A: benefits and content in foods

promotes the growth and formation of the skeleton;
regulates the functions of the digestive and respiratory systems;
improves eyesight;
regenerates mucous membranes.

To realize all these properties most fully, you need nutrition, which may contain such products:

During the culinary processing of the above products, some of their properties are lost, therefore, when eating ready-made food, only up to 85% of the useful substance is absorbed.

By the way, retinol is much better absorbed "in the company" of vitamin E, which is contained, for example, in vegetable oil.

Do I need to "vitaminize"

Lactation. If a mother is familiar with the principles of proper nutrition and adheres to them during and after pregnancy, there is no stress in her life, and she often goes to the sun - up to 6 months, breast milk is enough for a child, but only on condition that useful substances enter milk.
Artificial feeding. Vitamin supplements are prescribed for "artificial" babies already at 3-4 weeks of age, in larger quantities than for babies.
Age after 6 months. At this time, the doctor already advises drugs that should be preferred. It takes into account the characteristics of complementary foods, the diet of the mother, regional, climatic and epidemiological characteristics. An important indicator is heredity.

In what form, when and how much to give

Now let's talk about how and in what volume it is necessary to give such drugs.

Reception time and quantity

Age	mg (milligram)	mcg (microgram)	IU (international unit)
up to 6 months	0,4	400	1333
from 7 to 12 months	0.5	500	1667
1 - 3 years	0,3	300	1000

Possible allergy

Make sure that the preparations do not contain fragrances, preservatives, dyes that can cause allergic reactions even in healthy children. You need to watch for the following signs:

skin itching;
dryness or peeling of the skin;
poor appetite (for several feedings).

In this case, the drug should be discontinued and consult a pediatrician. Allergy often disappears without a trace when prescribing the same remedy, but from a different manufacturer.

Shortage and overdose

General state. growth retardation. Insomnia. Frequent infections (gastrointestinal, respiratory tract).
Leather. Dry, pale, flaky. Cracks on the balls of the fingers, on the soles. Greyish itchy patches on abdomen, buttocks, elbows, knees.
Hair. Dull with dandruff. Hair loss is possible.
mucous membranes. Erosion (often manifested in the form of stomatitis), pustules (furunculosis).
Eyes. Inflammation (conjunctivitis, etc.) Impaired lacrimation and dryness of the cornea (can be judged by loss of luster). Photophobia.

Hypovitaminosis A is especially dangerous at an early age - it can cause blindness (due to melting of the cornea and perforation of the eyeball).

There are cases of hypervitaminosis A. In this case, the child:

possible hydrocephalus;
increased intracranial pressure;
the fontanel swells, pulsates;
there is vomiting, increased urination, sweating, rash.

Please note: vitamin A for children under one year old is required if they are often sick, and especially if there is a lag in mental or physical development.

Active ingredient: 1 ml of solution contains retinol acetate (vitamin A), oil solution, in terms of 100% retinol acetate - 0.0344 g (100,000 IU);
Excipients.

Pharmacological properties:

Retinol (vitamin A) is necessary for metabolic processes, including the regulation of growth and development of a growing organism. It ensures the normal activity of the organ of vision, the structural integrity of tissues, increases the body's resistance to adverse environmental factors. With malnutrition and some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver, vitamin A deficiency (A-avitaminosis and A-hypovitaminosis) is observed. An early sign the latter is the deterioration of twilight vision, appetite, weight loss, weakening of the body's resistance to infections, etc.

Pharmacokinetics. Vitamin A is absorbed in the intestine almost completely. For effective absorption, retinol ether must first be saponified by a specific hydrolase, which is found in large quantities in the outer layer of the intestinal mucosa, and then, in the form of retinol, penetrates into the intestinal wall, where it immediately lends itself to esterification with fatty acids using a specific synthetase. Further, oxidation occurs to retinal, as well as retinoic acid. From the intestinal wall, retinol esters, retinol and retinal in the form of chylomicrons, and retinoic acid in combination with albumin are transported with lymph to the blood and deposited in the liver.

Indications for use:

Retinol Acetate is prescribed for A-vitaminosis and A-hypovitaminosis, eye diseases (pigmented, superficial, corneal lesions, and eczematous eyelid lesions). The drug is also used in complex therapy, acute respiratory diseases occurring against the background of acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, and collagenases, in pathological skin processes (frostbite, wounds, senile keratosis, skin, some forms,).
In addition, the appointment of the drug is indicated for inflammatory and ulcerative-erosive lesions of the intestine, cirrhosis of the liver, chronic gastritis, for the prevention of calculus formation in the urinary tract, etc.

Dosage and administration:

Retinol acetate is administered orally, 10-15 minutes after eating, and also externally. 1 ml of 3.44% solution (100,000 IU), 1 drop contains 3,000 IU.
When determining the doses of the drug, it is assumed that a single dose of Vitamin A is not more than 150,000 IU for adults, 1,650 IU for children under one year old, 3,300 IU from 1 year to 6 years, and 5,000 IU over 7 years. The highest for adults is 100,000 ME, for children - 20,000 ME.
Therapeutic doses of Vitamin A for mild to moderate beriberi are for adults - up to 33,000 IU per day. For skin diseases, the daily dose of Vitamin A for adults is 50,000-100,000 IU, for children 5,000-10,000-20,000 IU. With retinitis pigmentosa, xerophthalmia, hemeralopia, the daily dose for adults is 50,000 - 100,000 IU (at the same time, riboflavin is prescribed in a daily dose of 0.02 g). In case of skin lesions (ulcers, burns, frostbite, etc.), after hygienic cleaning, the affected areas are lubricated with a solution of Retinol acetate and covered with a gauze bandage (5-6 times a day, with a decrease in the number of applications to one as epithelization progresses). At the same time, drugs are prescribed orally.
In pediatric practice, in the complex therapy of rickets, acute respiratory diseases occurring against the background of exudative diathesis, acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, malnutrition and collagenoses, a solution of retinol acetate in oil 3.44% is prescribed after meals 1 time per day, 1 drop only for children over 7 years old. Children under the age of 7 years are prescribed the drug in the dosage form of a dragee.

Application Features:

The use of Vitamin A, especially in large doses, should be carried out under medical supervision.

Side effects:

Long-term daily intake of Vitamin A, especially in large doses, can cause the development of hypervitaminosis A. Children experience fever, sweating, drowsiness, petechiae and skin rash, oliguria. It is also possible to develop an increase in the pressure of the cerebrospinal fluid, which in infants leads to the development and protrusion of fontanelles. In adults, drowsiness, irritability, gait disorder, pain in the bones of the lower extremities are noted. If these phenomena occur, the drug should be stopped immediately.

Interaction with other drugs:

Vitamin A is incompatible with hydrochloric, acetylsalicylic acids. Estrogen preparations with simultaneous use increase the development of hypervitaminosis A. Retinol reduces the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids.

Contraindications:

With caution, the drug is prescribed for acute and chronic nephritis, with decompensation of cardiac activity and during pregnancy (in the first 3 months of the latter, due to the possibility of a teratogenic effect of Vitamin A, the drug is not recommended).

Storage conditions:

Store in a place protected from light and out of the reach of children, at a temperature not exceeding + 10 ° C.

Shelf life - 2 years.

"Retinol acetate" is a drug, a fat-soluble vitamin that is actively involved in metabolism.

What is the composition and form of release of the drug Retinol acetate?

The pharmaceutical industry produces the drug in an oily solution in ampoules for injection, in addition, the drug is produced in yellow gelatin capsules, where the active compound is retinol acetate, and the auxiliary components are refined sunflower oil, glycerin, and nipagin.

What is the effect of Retinol acetate capsules and solution?

The fat-soluble vitamin Retinol acetate positive influence on the body, as it participates in some processes of a redox nature, in the biosynthesis of fats, mucopolysaccharides, proteins. This drug maintains the normal state of skin epithelial cells, ensures the process of photoreception, that is, it contributes to the adaptation of visual perception to darkness.

In addition, Retinol acetate is involved in mineral metabolism, in the biochemical process of cholesterol formation, and also a fat-soluble vitamin enhances the production of lipase, trypsin, activates myelopoiesis and cell division.

The local effect of the drug occurs due to the presence of so-called retinol-binding receptors on the epithelium. The drug inhibits the biochemical processes of keratinization, promotes the activation of epitheliocyte proliferation, and generally rejuvenates cell populations.

What are the indications for the use of Retinol Acetate?

Retinol acetate is indicated for use in the following situations:

;
Avitaminosis A;
As a complex treatment for cirrhosis of the liver;
bronchopulmonary diseases;
With some ophthalmic diseases (retinitis pigmentosa, eyelid lesions of an eczematous nature, hemeralopia, xerophthalmia);
Some dermatological diseases (frostbite, burns, hyperkeratosis, wounds, ichthyosis, eczema and other pathological processes);
An effective remedy for rickets and malnutrition as a complex therapy;
The defeat of the gastrointestinal tract of erosive and ulcerative origin;
epithelial tumors;
Leukemias.

In addition, the fat-soluble vitamin Retinol acetate is prescribed as a complex treatment for mastopathy.

What are the contraindications for Retinol Acetate?

Means Retinol acetate instructions for use does not allow the use in the following situations:

At;
Do not use the drug for chronic pancreatitis, since the use of a fat-soluble vitamin can exacerbate the disease.

In addition, a fat-soluble drug should not be used in patients during pregnancy, in particular in the first trimester.

What is the use and dosage of Retinol Acetate?

Retinol acetate is used orally, externally, in addition, the medication is prescribed parenterally, that is, in the form of an intramuscular injection. The dosage form is selected taking into account the disease.

Therapeutic doses of Retinol acetate for beriberi are usually up to 33,000 IU per day for adults; with retinitis pigmentosa, hemeralopia, xerophthalmia, a fat-soluble vitamin is prescribed at a dose ranging from 50,000 to 100,000 IU.

During pregnancy and lactation, Retinol acetate is prescribed per day in an amount equal to 10,000 IU. Children are recommended to use the drug at a dose of 1000 to 5000 IU, which will depend on the age of the child. For dermatological diseases, adults should use the drug from 50,000 to 100,000 IU per day.

Oil solutions of Retinol acetate can also be used externally, applying the dosage form to the affected areas with ulcers, frostbite, burns, while the diseased area is lubricated with a fat-soluble vitamin up to five, six times a day, and then covered with a gauze napkin.

What are Retinol Acetate side effects?

The use of the drug Retinol acetate can provoke the development of hypervitaminosis A, this condition is usually manifested by the following symptoms: adults experience drowsiness, lethargy, vomiting, headache, facial flushing may appear, in addition, nausea, gait disorder, and pain in the bone tissue is also noted lower limbs.

In children, hypervitaminosis A can be manifested by drowsiness, fever is characteristic, sweating joins, there may be vomiting, in addition, skin rashes are observed, in addition, hydrocephalus is not excluded. In such a situation, the patient is treated symptomatically.

Retinol acetate overdose

Currently, there are no cases of overdose of the drug Retinol acetate. If such a situation happens, and the patient ingests a large number of capsules, then he should urgently rinse his stomach, and if he feels worse, it is important to call a doctor for symptomatic treatment.

special instructions

With caution, Retinol acetate, which we continue to talk about on this page www.site, is prescribed to patients with kidney pathology, in particular, with nephritis, as well as to persons diagnosed with decompensated cardiac pathology.

How to replace Retinol acetate, which analogs to use?

The drug, Retinol palmitate, Retinol acetate-Rusfar, in addition, Vitamin A, as well as Videstim.

Conclusion

Fat-soluble vitamin Retinol acetate should be used as prescribed by an experienced specialist.

Be healthy!

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Name:

Retinol acetate (Retinol acetat)

Pharmachologic effect:

Retinol acetate (vitamin A) is a fat-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism. Vitamin A is necessary for the normal growth and development of the body, supports visual function, stimulates the processes of regeneration and epithelialization, improves the nonspecific immune response and increases the body's resistance to adverse environmental conditions.

Retinol acetate oil solution corrects vitamin A deficiency, which is caused by malnutrition, diseases of the digestive tract (in which intestinal absorption of retinol is reduced) and liver.

Retinol acetate is absorbed in the upper small intestine. The peak plasma concentration of retinol when taken orally is reached within 4 hours. The drug creates high concentrations of vitamin A in the retina and liver, slightly lower concentrations are observed in the kidneys, fat depots, endocrine glands.

Excreted by the kidneys as metabolites and unchanged by the liver, the half-life of retinol reaches 9 hours.

Indications for use:

Retinol acetate is intended for the treatment of patients suffering from hypo- and avitaminosis A, retinitis pigmentosa, xerophthalmia, superficial keratitis, hemeralopia, conjunctivitis, pyoderma, corneal lesions and eczematous eyelid lesions.

Retinol acetate solution is used in the complex therapy of patients with rickets, acute diseases of the lungs and bronchi, malnutrition, collagenosis, skin lesions (as a means of stimulating regeneration and epithelialization), as well as acute respiratory diseases occurring against the background of exudative diathesis.

Vitamin A can also be prescribed in the complex therapy of erosive-ulcerative and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and liver cirrhosis.

Retinol acetate is prescribed as a prophylactic for patients with an increased risk of urinary tract stones.

Application method:

The drug Retinol acetate is intended for oral and external use. Orally, the drug is recommended to be taken 10-15 minutes after a meal.

Adults with beriberi A, as a rule, are prescribed 1-2 drops of the drug twice or thrice a day orally.

Adults with skin diseases, as a rule, are prescribed 5-10 drops of the drug twice a day (in combination with vitamin B2 in a daily dose of 20 mg) orally.

In case of skin lesions, an external application of the solution under a gauze bandage is prescribed up to 6 times a day (in combination with oral intake of vitamin A).

Children with skin diseases, as a rule, are prescribed, depending on age, 1-2 drops of the drug per day orally.

Undesirable phenomena:

Retinol acetate, as a rule, is well tolerated by patients, there are reports of isolated cases of hypersensitivity reactions that require discontinuation of the drug.

With prolonged therapy with vitamin A (especially when using high doses), chronic overdose and hypervitaminosis A may develop, the symptoms of which are headache, pain in the bones of the lower extremities, drowsiness, irritability, hyperthermia, excessive sweating, oliguria and exanthema.

With the development of these symptoms, you should immediately stop taking the drug Retinol acetate and consult a doctor.

Contraindications:

Retinol acetate is not prescribed for patients with individual hypersensitivity to vitamin A and soybean oil.

Oral use of the drug is contraindicated in children under 7 years of age.

Caution should be exercised when prescribing retinol acetate to patients suffering from acute and chronic form nephritis and decompensated heart failure.

During pregnancy:

Particular care should be taken when prescribing Retinol acetate in the first trimester of pregnancy (taking into account the intake of vitamin A from food and other sources in connection with the development of the teratogenic effect of retinol acetate). The maximum recommended daily dose for pregnant women in the second and third trimester is 5000 IU (1 drop of Retinol acetate solution).

There are no data on the use of an oil solution during lactation.

Interaction with other drugs:

With the combined use of a solution of Retinol acetate with vaseline oil, there is a decrease in the absorption of vitamin A in the intestine.

With the simultaneous use of retinol acetate with some carotenoids, an improvement in the immunobiological functions of the body is noted and the process of malignancy of the epithelium slows down.

The combined use of a solution of oily Retinol acetate with other drugs containing vitamin A is prohibited.

Overdose:

When using high doses of retinol acetate, patients may develop headache, vomiting, drowsiness, ataxia, irritability, and pain in the bones of the lower legs.

There is no specific antidote. In case of an overdose of retinol acetate, stop using the drug and consult your doctor. For the treatment of overdose, laxatives are prescribed. In case of retinol poisoning with acetate, symptomatic therapy and forced diuresis may be prescribed.

Release form of the drug:

Oil solution for oral and external use, 10 ml in dark glass bottles, 1 bottle in a cardboard box.

Storage conditions:

An oil solution of retinol acetate is stored for no more than 2 years after release in rooms with a temperature of 8 to 15 ° C.

Compound:

1 ml of Retinol acetate solution contains:

Vitamin A (retinol acetate) - 100,000 IU (0.0344 g),

Additional components.

1 drop of Retinol acetate solution contains:

Vitamin A (retinol acetate) - 5000 IU,

Additional components.

Similar drugs:

Immunovit (Imunovit) Quertin (Quertin) Askotsin (Ascozin) Volvit (Wolvit) Cocarboxylase hydrochloride (Cocarboxylase hydrochloride)

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