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How to build a fireplace with your own hands in the country. Fireplaces for giving

Dacha has long ceased to be associated with people with a place of slave labor for the benefit of a sack of potatoes for the winter. Now the summer cottage is ennobled and adjusted to a place of rest from the bustle of the city. In addition to the house and various buildings for household purposes, gazebos or terraces with barbecue facilities, a barbecue, and a garden are often installed on the territory. In the case of organizing an outdoor summer kitchen, care should be taken to install a garden fireplace.

On the one hand, you will get a functional design, on the other - a decorative element in the country.

The design of a brick garden fireplace is very similar to the fireplace blocks and stoves that we are used to seeing inside the house as a heating device. But, nevertheless, this building has its own distinctive features.

The organization of a garden fireplace with your own hands in the open air requires compliance with the installation technique and safe use:

Note.

A garden fireplace, regardless of the material of manufacture, must be installed on a concrete foundation, which is covered with metal or crumbs from heat-resistant materials.

Very often, due to inexperience, people confuse garden houses with cooking appliances, that is, barbecues, barbecues or smokehouses. Of course, a fireplace can also be used for such purposes, but it has fundamental differences.

Firstly, it is not very convenient to cook food on it, and soot and fat deposits will make themselves felt with each ignition. In addition, the fireplace mirror and the pallet are very difficult to clean, in this regard, it will be more practical to use a portable barbecue or barbecue, setting it away from the gazebo. But what can still be cooked in a brick oven with a fireplace? All products that can be wrapped in foil, unleavened dough or clay. Also, if desired, coffee, tea or other hot drinks are prepared on it, the taste will be fabulous.

We build a garden fireplace on our own

What do you need?

As with any type of construction, in order to build an object that will last a long time, it is necessary to select high-quality materials. To build a fireplace you will need:

Ceramic single brick with a high degree of density. The greater the weight of the brick, the better for construction.
Clay for bricklaying. Experts advise purchasing it at brick factories, where the building material itself is. This guarantees high quality masonry.
stone. The quantity is not limited.
Masonry mix.
, crushed stone, sand, metal fittings.
Material for the construction of a firebox with a high level of fire resistance. The best is the Austrian chamotte RATH or the product of Russian production ША5.
tiles, glazed or fireclay bricks.

Important.

Fireclay blocks for building a fireplace insert can be replaced with a cast iron chamber, which can be purchased at a specialized store. This will reduce the installation time of the structure.

Do-it-yourself garden fireplace device

The dimensions of the future device and its design have a direct impact on the amount of purchased material. The location of the fireplace on the street does not limit the owner of the suburban area in choosing the form of the structure.

The most successful and optimal for use in the country is the form of the so-called eternal corner, a photo of such a fireplace can be found on the Internet. According to its design, it has the form of a body consisting of three corners, the side walls of which have increased dimensions.

The base of the fireplace and the shelf are made in the form of an element with four corners. This design allows for excellent airflow into the fireplace. The side walls of the enlarged dimensions are capable of delivering much more heat fluxes than standard installations.

There are models of fireplace stoves for wood-burning cottages, which are similar in shape to the traditional device used by miners to burn coal.

If you do not take into account the non-standard appearance fireplace, such a device in the country can ensure proper operation in any weather. The main part of the body, the base and the chimney are laid out of natural stone. To strengthen the structure and give stability, firewood and stone are stacked on both sides of the hull for cutting them. If you want to see a fireplace stove on your site for giving a long burning time, which could fit perfectly into any design, opt for a standard classic design.

Do-it-yourself brick foundation for a garden fireplace

Given the design features of the fireplace, namely: the material of construction, a height of about 2 - 3 meters, the presence of a firebox, and this together gives a lot of weight, the base for the device must be strong. In addition, the height of the device cannot provide the required stability. The foundation for a garden fireplace is able to protect the structure from tilting and destruction during heavy rains, which can wash away the foundation.

The garden fireplace has a standard body size of 70 x 120 cm, therefore, a hole for digging needs to be 130 x 160 cm in size, 45 - 50 cm deep.

At the bottom of the pit, a pillow of sand is poured with a layer height of 5 cm and gravel - 3 - 5 cm. Next comes the turn of crushed brick, bitumen or any other building material. The pit is filled with concrete mortar at ground level.

After the allotted time for the concrete to harden, the material is laid on top. You can opt for the good old, but proven roofing material. In addition, it is necessary to lay a layer of asbestos cardboard. After laying the materials, they do it from above. In the center of the created concrete slab of bricks, a tunnel is laid out, which leads to the back of the base under the fireplace.

On the sides of the concrete slab, plywood or board formwork is installed. In the center they build the base of the furnace of the future fireplace, leaving room for a blower. Concrete mortar is poured into the installed formwork, after laying the rubble stone.

After the work done, it is necessary to wait about a month in order to allow the concrete to finally set. After that, you can proceed to the installation, construction of walls and the furnace chamber.

At first glance, the base for a barbecue garden fireplace may look too large, but in reality the structure will be 2.5 m high and 1.6 m wide, so as a result you will get a proportionate design. A foundation of such high strength will ensure the stability of the garden fireplace, which is important for our weather conditions, as well as features . If the body exceeds 1 m - 1 m 10 cm, and the height of the pipe is at the level of 270 - 320 cm, then reinforcing must be immersed in a concrete slab. In the fireplace body, corners are supported with steel corners.

Construction of walls and fireplace chamber

After shrinkage of the concrete base, you can proceed to the arrangement of the firebox. Fireclay bricks are laid as the first layer. The blower hole will subsequently be closed with a grate. A grate from a cast iron or classic charcoal stove is well suited. In some cases, the lattice is created from fireclay, for this it is laid on the surface on the side, and gaps of 1.5 - 2 cm are left between some bricks.

The initial layer of masonry stoves and fireplaces made of fireclay is pulled together with steel wire. It is best to take a soft wire rod with a section of 6 mm. The subsequent rows of fireboxes are laid from fireclay using furnace mortar, with a thickness of not more than 8 mm. On the outside of the fireplace, a window is left for loading fuel, with parameters of 60 x 45 cm.

To lay out the vault of the firebox, inside you need to lay 2 - 3 stacked bricks. The chamber can be made without a soot tooth, since the garden fireplace will be heated exclusively by wood, so cleaning should be done much more often compared to a home stove.

After completing the process of laying out the combustion chamber, you can begin to build the internal walls of the garden fireplace. To avoid cracks, a hot space of 7-8 mm should be left between the combustion chamber and the outer walls. The outer walls are laid out of red brick, rubble stone using mortar, with the addition of cement and sand. Brick walls are pulled together with wire, for rubble stone, grout is made from masonry mortar for stoves and boards are fixed, which are removed after the structure shrinks. After about 7 - 10 days, you can proceed to the construction of the fireplace pipe.

A brick chimney for a garden fireplace is made of cast iron or steel, in which a damper is mounted. After installation, the pipe must be wrapped with asbestos cord and overlaid with a buta or ceramic.

In order to remember with warmth a picnic in a suburban area in late autumn, you should select and install a fireplace for a summer residence in advance. Of course, it will not globally solve the problem of heating the entire housing, but it will quickly warm up one room. And the flames, the crackle of firewood and the smell of resin will create the right atmosphere for relaxation. If you follow the path of least resistance, you can purchase a ready-made heater, the model range of which will satisfy the most demanding consumer. Craftsmen who are used to surrounding themselves with exclusive and original things are offered information on how to build a fireplace in the country with their own hands.

The purpose of the fireplace

Open fire has always had a bewitching effect on a person, therefore, even after the invention of various heating systems, the soul gravitates towards the sources. It is not necessary to talk about the full heating of the cottage due to the fireplace, due to its low productivity. The principle of heating is based on the energy radiated from the red-hot walls of the hearth. While the firewood is burning, the fireplace performs its function, but as soon as they go out, the process will immediately stop.

The desire to become the owner of a fireplace in the country is based on the desire to create a cozy homely atmosphere. And only in the background is the task of heating. Its advantage over a stove or other appliances is the ability to instantly start the heat production process after ignition. This will save vacationers until the main heating system begins to function. But as a permanent means of heating the cottage, it is not considered.

Attention! When thinking about arranging a cottage as a home, it is worth considering the requirements of fire safety. Section 3 PPB 01-03 prohibits the use of an open flame in a residential area. Accordingly, the usual open hearth firebox in the country is contrary to legislative norms. Installing heat-resistant glass will help to correct the situation, which will protect the room from the risk of fire.

Examples of fireplaces in the country with their own hands are shown in the photo:

Variety of design solutions

A simple and effective solution for arranging a summer house is to purchase a ready-made fireplace. Thankfully the choice is huge.

Type of fuel

To begin with, it is worth prioritizing: a fireplace is a decorative element of the interior or an important part of the cottage heating system. Depending on the assigned tasks, choose the type of fuel. There are the following types of equipment:

Traditional. In the classical sense, the fireplace should work on wood and coal. Manufacturers offer appliances with closed, open or semi-closed fireboxes. Each option is good in its own way. Fireplaces for summer cottages with a closed firebox have greater productivity. An open portal looks more impressive.
Gas. Gas fireplaces are easier to operate, but lose their appeal in terms of aesthetic pleasure. A gas pipeline is required, sometimes cylinders are used to work in the country.
Electrical. They can play an exclusively decorative role or fully heat the cottage room. Numerous additional functions allow you to automatically adjust the temperature, simulate the sounds of crackling firewood and even exude the aroma of resin.
Biofireplaces. They are used exclusively for aesthetic purposes, they practically do not radiate heat.

The most difficult in the arrangement and operation of traditional heating centers. The construction of the foundation, the design of the chimney, the coordination of technical documentation and many other nuances complicate the process of arranging the cottage with a fireplace. A ventilation stroke is also required for gas appliances. Electric fireplaces are the most efficient. A minimum of installation difficulties and a spectacular view of the fire will be provided.

Portal shape and design style

The shape of the portal and the frame material often indicate the style chosen for the interior design of the cottage. There are several configurations that are used for heaters, regardless of the type of fuel:

Samples of various fireplace configurations for giving are shown in the photo:

Mounting method

If we are talking about a classic wood-burning fireplace, then the arrangement is exclusively on the floor. There will be a separate section on the rules for determining the place. When choosing an electrical appliance or a bio-fireplace, which are light in weight, the installation possibilities are greatly expanded. Valid options:

Wall. A narrow electric fireplace can simply hang on the wall of the cottage or be built into the surface.
Floor. Usually, for greater aesthetics, one of the suitable portal cladding materials is used - stone, wood, drywall, metal.
Angular. The fireplace located in the inner corner is suitable for small-sized summer cottages. When arranging a spacious room, an artificial hearth framing the outer corner looks extremely impressive.
Desktop. Such a device is not suitable for heating a summer house, but is used only for decorative purposes.

If a strong foundation is required to equip a classic wood-burning hearth, then when decorating a summer house with an electric fireplace, you should take care of high-quality electrical wiring and a separate line.

We determine the place

The efficiency of the heat transfer of the fireplace to some extent depends on a well-chosen place. Conditions for the correct arrangement of the hearth:

No drafts. Therefore, arranging a fireplace in front of the door and windows is undesirable.
Construction near the inner wall. If you build a fireplace in a country house near the outer wall, a significant part of the heat generated will be “absorbed” by the street.
High-quality insulation of the cottage will save the energy that the heater emits.
For the full burning of firewood in the hearth, a room with an area of at least 20 m 2 is required, otherwise the flame will “choke” from lack of air. When arranging a fireplace in a smaller room, additional air flow is required.
There should be no flammable interior items near the hearth.

Advice! Ideal for arrangement is a place along a load-bearing wall or in a corner at the intersection of two load-bearing surfaces.

Design nuances

For arranging a fireplace in the country with your own hands, step-by-step instructions are useful. The initial stage of any construction is drawing up a project. It is very important to determine the correct dimensions of the fireplace on the wood. An excessively large hearth provokes the appearance of drafts; when arranging a small portal, the heater will not cope with the heating function. The proportional relationship between the dimensions of the fireplace and the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in the country house allocated for the arrangement of the hearth is also important.

Construction documentation puts forward the following requirements when arranging a fireplace:

The depth of the foundation under the hearth is about one and a half meters. Moreover, it should not be connected with the foundation of the house. This will eliminate the deformation of the main supporting structure in case of subsidence of the foundation under the hearth.
The pre-furnace platform protrudes on the sides by 0.2-0.3 m, the length is chosen at least 1.5 m.
Arrangement of a negative angle of inclination of the walls of the furnace will provide a more efficient reflection of thermal radiation.
The proportion between the hearth area of the firebox and the entire portal is 7:10.
The minimum section of the blower inside is 200 cm 2.
The height of the hearth portal is twice the depth of the firebox.

The drafting of a fireplace for a summer residence is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

SNiP 2.04.05-86, which governs the arrangement of heating and ventilation.
GOST 9817-82, which describes the technical conditions for the operation of solid fuel devices.
Already mentioned earlier PPB 01-03.

Compliance with the conditions of arrangement will be the key to safe operation in the country of the fireplace.

Construction stages

Arrangement at the dacha of the hearth goes in several stages:

preparation of materials and tools;
building a foundation;
direct construction of a fireplace;
chimney arrangement.

It is equally important to correctly start the operation of a wood-burning heater.

Expendable materials

First you need to calculate the need in accordance with the arrangement project. Ideally, the construction of a fireplace is carried out simultaneously with the construction of a house in the country. But this is not always the case.

Possible options:

Ceramic fired brick is intended for the main structure of the hearth.
Fireclay refractory brick is intended for the firebox.
The laying of the hearth itself is carried out using a solution of clay and water with the addition of quartz sand.
Arrangement at the dacha of the foundation under the hearth takes place in the classical way on the basis of a cement mortar.
For facade cladding, artificial or natural stone, ceramic tiles are useful. If the interior of the cottage needs a highly decorative finish, marble tiles or tiles are used when arranging the fireplace portal.

A harmonious picture of the interior will be obtained if the facing material of the hearth is used on nearby surfaces of the room.

Chimney arrangement

The chimney is the most important part of the fireplace. The life of the inhabitants of the cottage literally depends on its proper arrangement. The following recommendations will help when arranging the hearth with your own hands:

The laying of smoke channels is carried out with solid red brick of grade M100 and higher.
The minimum thickness of the seams is 10 mm; when arranging the fireplace, their density must be monitored.
The arrangement of the chimney is carried out vertically without ledges.
Acceptable wall thickness of the smoke channel - from 120 mm and above.
When arranging a rectangular chimney, the internal dimensions are at least 14x27 cm. The choice of a chimney sandwich for a fireplace in the country is based on an internal diameter of 20 cm.

Important! The outer surface of the chimney in the attic is plastered for thermal insulation purposes. Nearby exclude the presence of flammable objects, including the truss system.

The wisdom of exploitation

When arranging a fireplace in the country, the operating conditions must be observed. The first step is to carry out preventive maintenance. What are they? Before starting operation after a long break, clean the flue duct. With regular use of the hearth in the country, the procedure is repeated at intervals of 1 time in two months.

Immediately after the arrangement of a new fireplace, the first firebox is carried out no earlier than a month later. Next, short-term heating of the hearth is organized for half an hour with a small amount of firewood for 10 days. For these purposes, small firewood and chips are suitable. If you want to get a pleasant aroma in the country, firewood from juniper or cherry is added to the fireplace.

Arranging a fireplace in the country with your own hands is a troublesome and responsible business. Deviation from technology can cause serious damage to the health and safety of property. Therefore, it is so important to comply with the requirements at all stages of the arrangement of the hearth. Ready-made fireplaces, which are presented in the distribution network in a wide range, are capable of facilitating the task.

A rare country house does without a fireplace. If it is permissible to install electric fireplaces or bio-fireplaces in the apartment, then in the country house you can thoroughly amuse your inner “caveman” and build a real hearth-fireplace with your own hands, which is heated with firewood.

Ideal if you are planning to make a fireplace in a house that is still under construction. In this case, you have the opportunity to build a house in such a way as to lay the chimney exactly in the places where you need it. It is not necessary to immediately lay a fireplace during the construction of the house, it is enough to lay a niche and a chimney. Then you can finish the hearth at any time convenient for you.

The main points that must be taken into account when building a fireplace:

strengthening the foundation in the place where the furnace will be located;
additional space not only in the ceilings between floors, but also in the roof;
additional space for the furnace and for the portal;
the fireplace should not be located opposite a window or door, this leads to smoke due to drafts.

Where to start installation?

Installation of a fireplace begins with determining its weight. It depends on how much the final product will weigh whether it is necessary to lay a reinforced foundation under it. It will be necessary to strengthen the foundation if the weight of the fireplace exceeds 500 kg. If you plan to line the fireplace with stone (for better heat preservation), then immediately add 150 kg to its weight.

The foundation for the fireplace is bulk and brick. Brick is used for fireplaces weighing up to 500 kg, if the fireplace is heavier, you need to make a bulk one.

The bulk foundation falls below the floor level by 15 cm, in extreme cases, it can be made flush with it. For heavy large fireplaces, reinforcement is additionally installed in the foundation. The basis for the mixture is cement, which is mixed with gravel or other material (broken brick, ceramic tile).

The brick foundation is made both on the first and second floors of the house. For it, a durable brick is used, which is placed on the edge. Thus, at least 6 rows of bricks are laid out from the wall. High grade cement is used for bonding.

A special foundation is made for a wooden floor. Initially, the place under the fireplace is covered with expanded clay with a layer of at least 15 cm (refractory layer), then a steel sheet is laid, and after that the main foundation is already being made.

Before proceeding with the creation of the main part of the fireplace, any type of foundation must dry out for at least one week.

materials

Refractory bricks in the amount of not less than 300 pieces. The simplest way choose a good brick - look at its color: light (underfired) brick crumbles when heated and is completely fragile. Glossy brick, covered as if with a crust (burnt), is very fragile, it is pricked even from a weak load.

When selecting bricks, you need to look so that there are no cracks and chips on them, as well as large voids inside.

The binder material for masonry is based on fireclay clay. Do not use ordinary cement for masonry. A special solution can be bought packaged in bags with instructions for preparation on the package. For an average fireplace, about 100 kg of masonry mixture will be required.

Cement, sand and gravel will be used to strengthen the foundation. If you plan to put a brick foundation, then still a solid brick. You will have to lay out six rows of bricks, set at the end.

Ready-made fireplace stove with a chimney or separate elements: a cast-iron grate, a door (it is possible with glass). Several porcelain stoneware slabs or ordinary ceramic tiles for finishing the space in front of the fireplace.

Step-by-step instruction

Brick sorting. Broken, cracked and other non-standard bricks are rejected, they must be used for the construction of the foundation.

The first three rows of bricks are very important because this will be the base of the fireplace. They must be placed strictly according to the level, and limiters are inserted between the bricks for more even masonry.

Laying two rows of bricks without mortar, laying subsequent ones on the mortar.

The fourth row is placed around the first three and a hole for the furnace begins to form from it.

In the fifth row, it is worth considering the location of the blower. At the same stage, fasteners for a metal grating are installed in the masonry. You can make them yourself.

The sixth row secures the supports. It also serves as a support for the grate (cast iron or steel grate that holds the fuel. Ash spills down through it).

The seventh row is the basis of the portal for the fireplace.

From the eighth to the thirteenth row, the decorative front part of the fireplace is laid out, which is tied together. From the eleventh row, the formation of a “mirror” begins - the inner back wall of the fireplace, which is located at an angle.

On the fourteenth and fifteenth row, the portals are again tied up.

From the sixteenth row, the laying out of the “mirror” ends and the laying out of the “tooth” begins, which is coated with clay soaked a few days earlier. This is done to prevent a fire in the house.

From the seventeenth to the nineteenth row, the facade of the fireplace is formed.

On the twenty-second row is the creation of a chimney pipe with access to the street. The accepted dimensions for this hole are 15x28 cm. The wider the chimney, the more heat will be stored, standard size gives good traction and allows optimal removal of combustion products.

The presence of a fireplace in your country house will provide you with warmth, coziness and comfort on winter and autumn evenings, as well as add romance to your everyday life. We will talk about how to build a fireplace with your own hands in this article.

How to build a fireplace with your own hands in the country or in a private house

Essential elements

The fireplace consists of several main elements, which include the body, foundation, smoke box, firebox and smoke channel. In order for the fireplace to function properly, the correct ratio of the sizes that its elements have is necessary.

The fireplace foundation is made both from rubble stone or red brick, and from rubble concrete and concrete blocks. If you are building your fireplace in wet ground, it is recommended that the foundation be built from rubble stone. In the same case, if you are laying the foundation in dry soil, it would be advisable to use a limestone mortar, which is 1 volume of lime and 1 to 3 volumes of sand (depending on the degree of humidity of the lime).

Solution

To prepare the solution, lime is mixed with water to the density of sour cream, after which sand is added there. For foundations that are laid in wet soils, the cement mortar should consist of 3 volumes of sand and 1 volume of cement. Dry components are pre-mixed thoroughly, then diluted with water.

foundation pit

The pit, which is supposed to be used for the foundation in length and width, should be approximately 50 mm larger than the foundation for the fireplace. Its bottom is leveled with a level. The first row of the fireplace foundation is laid out dry from stone or brick rubble.

Stones or crushed stone are rammed into the ground, after which they are poured from above with a liquid solution. In the future, the laying is carried out in the correct rows, in compliance with the dressing of the seams. To prevent the process of moisture penetration into the masonry over the foundation, an insulating layer is made from a pair of roofing sheets at least 150 mm above the ground level, after which the fireplace is laid.

fireplace body

Typically, the body of the fireplace is laid out from high-quality red or refractory bricks. When using a red firebox, it will later be better to line it with refractory bricks. The thickness of the brick walls should be no less than half a brick.

In addition, heat-resistant concrete, ceramic blocks or natural stone (excluding silicon and limestone) can be used to build a fireplace body. They line the surface of the body with valuable rocks of stone, or plaster it.

A photo:

You will also need to build a firebox

The depth of the firebox is recommended to be taken equal to about half a meter. At a shallower depth, smoke can enter the room, and at a greater depth, the strength of thermal radiation becomes weaker. The efficiency of the fireplace can be increased by lining the back wall of the firebox with a cast-iron stove or sheet steel. In order to achieve better heat radiation, the upper part of the back wall is laid out with a certain inclination forward, while the side walls expand forward towards the hole. The walls of the firebox are usually laid out from fireclay refractory bricks, while such a fireplace will have an efficiency of up to 17%.

For firebox flooring

A photo:

usually some kind of fire-resistant material is used - for example, concrete, granite, clinker. It is necessary to provide for the presence of a ash pan for collecting ash and coal. The ash pan is located under the firebox. Between them lay a cast-iron grate. The basket is made of steel with a section of 10–15x10–15 mm or a diameter of 10–15 mm. The elements of the basket are located after 15–20 mm. Its legs should have a height of about 80–120 mm. In the process of burning firewood on a basket, fine coal and ash are collected on the hearth and removed after the fireplace has cooled down.

Now let's talk about what is a portal

Portal- an element of the fireplace, on which its functions as a heating device largely depend. The portal can be installed on one, two or three sides, depending on the architectural design of the fireplace and its location. In the event that the fireplace stands separately, it may have a circular portal. The shape and proportions of the portal are set, taking into account the harmonious solution of the fireplace as a whole.

From firebox hot gases enter the smoke box

A photo:

A smoke collector is a pyramid-shaped extension located at the bottom of the chimney, which serves to prevent the rapid lowering of cold air flows down the chimney.

Soot and soot are collected here when cleaning the chimney, which are then removed through a hatch located in the back wall. At the same time, the damper, located slightly lower, provides protection against soot and soot entering the room.

The smoke collector is laid out of red brick (grade 200). In addition, it can be made from iron sheets, which will provide rapid heating of the room. To improve the aesthetic qualities of the fireplace, as well as to cover the hot metal smoke box and ensure its fire safety, a protective casing is made of copper sheet. A burned-out metal smoke box is replaced; at the same time, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of such a replacement when thinking through the design of the fireplace.

gas threshold

A photo:

Cold air descending down to the chimney can, bypassing the smoke box, enter the room, while dragging smoke along with it. To avoid this, a gas threshold is arranged in the back wall of the chimney - a barrier in the form of a protrusion, which contributes to the fact that cold air mixes with hot air and the resulting mixture is discharged upward into the atmosphere. In width, the gas threshold should be equal to the chimney, or be 10–15 mm larger than it. The required width of the gas threshold will ensure its normal functioning and allow it to retain soot that falls off the chimney. The cross section of the chimney must not be narrowed by the threshold.

smoke damper

Between the smoke collector and the firebox there is a smoke damper that prevents cold air from entering the room when the fireplace is not working. This shutter provides coverage of the entire width of the channel. Its width should be approximately 1/16 of the height of the portal.

Its area is assumed to be 1.25 times greater than the cross section of the chimney. Opposite the gas threshold, a cleaning is constructed, hermetically sealed with a door. Through it, soot is removed, which is collected on the threshold.

Chimney

It is forbidden to build horizontal chimneys, so the chimney must be vertical. If the fireplace is attached to a wall in which there is a smoke channel, then in extreme cases the chimney can be with a slope of no more than 60%. Chimneys are usually made of red brick.

To improve draft and prevent precipitation from entering the chimneys, deflectors are installed on them. Chimneys must be insulated with asbestos gaskets from the wooden elements of the building. The smallest distance between wooden elements and chimneys must be at least 250 mm.

Floor protection

In addition, part of the floor (at least 0.5 m), which is located in front of the fireplace, must be covered with sheet iron or constructed from non-combustible material.

Fireplace Size Chart

Arriving at the dacha, every city dweller dreams of getting away from the hustle and bustle and plunging into the calm atmosphere of country life. Pure water, Fresh air, nature and, of course, live fire in the fireplace - these are the symbols of country rest. Calling a professional stove-maker will only disappoint you, because the cost of such a building can reach more than 100 thousand rubles, and this is a fair price for material and work! But you can easily build a fireplace in the country with your own hands, while saving more than half of this amount. You can also use used bricks, and clay for mortar can generally be dug up near the nearest body of water. Thus, the construction of a fireplace in the country will cost you mere pennies! Of course, you will need to work hard, but you came here for this, so read carefully, try, and the result will please you, we give a guarantee!

A country house, as a rule, is small - a kitchen, a living room and one or two more bedrooms. A fireplace can be installed in any of the rooms, but usually it is placed in the living room, and in some cases the back wall is brought out to one of the bedrooms - this allows you to heat two rooms at once. Fireplaces are made of oven bricks, mortars based on fireclay clay are used for masonry - they are sold in oven stores and are quite easy to use. However, nothing prevents the use of natural clay, mixing it in the right proportion with sand and water. The dimensions of a fireplace for a summer residence, as a rule, are small, little material is required, and the masonry scheme is quite simple, so nothing prevents you from building a fireplace in the country with your own hands without resorting to the help of professionals.

For a fireplace, you will need a refractory brick, its choice should be taken responsibly. Unburned brick has a lighter shade, reduced strength, and crumbles when heated. It can be determined by the inhomogeneous coloration on the chip. The burnt brick during the firing process is covered with a glossy film like ceramics - it is very fragile and breaks from the slightest load. The surface of the brick should not have chips, cracks, large shells. For a fireplace, you will need about three hundred pieces. bricks - the exact amount depends on the height of the pipe. It can be calculated in order - the scheme, which is given in the description of the work.

Masonry mortar based on fireclay clay is sold in bags in dry form, it is diluted with water according to the instructions on the package. It needs about 4 bags (100 kg). You will also need a bag of cement and a couple of bags of sand - the fireplace is installed on a separate foundation, which can be made of monolithic concrete, blocks or bricks. Any solid brick is suitable for the foundation.

The foundation of the fireplace and the house must not be connected!

You will also need ready-made cast iron products: a valve, a fireplace grate, and, if desired, doors with heat-resistant glass. You should think in advance about the floor covering in front of the firebox, because an accidentally fallen coal can cause a fire. It is better to finish the floor with tiles, porcelain stoneware or lay out bricks. Finishing the fireplace is optional, it does not affect its properties in any way, but if you decide to lay it out with tiles or tiles, take into account their thickness when building the foundation.

Fireplace layout plan

The most important thing when building a fireplace in an already built cottage is to combine it with all supporting structures: walls, floor and ceiling slabs, rafters. Draw a floor plan of your building and combine it with the drawing of the fireplace, make the necessary adjustments, and only then proceed with the construction work.

When choosing the location of the fireplace, you must consider some rules:

It is not customary to place a fireplace in front of a door or window, this can lead to drafts or smoke.
There should be no flammable objects and materials near the fireplace.
Wooden partitions must be insulated with a metal screen and basalt mats.

Foundation construction

Rows 1 to 3 form the floor of the fireplace, its base. They are laid out strictly according to the level, trying to avoid distortions - it will be difficult to fix them later. In order for the thickness of the seam to be the same everywhere, you can use slats with a thickness of 4-5 mm, laying them on the outer edge of the brick and leveling them. In the 4th row, they begin to lay out the walls of the furnace according to the scheme. Part of the brick for this will have to be cut with a grinder.
Rows from 5 to 11 are laid according to the scheme, completing the walls of the furnace. In the 12th row, a support is placed on the walls for the vault of the firebox and the chimney tooth from a steel strip. In the 13th row it is laid with a brick. To prevent the strip from bending, before the mortar sets, it can be supported from below with a suitable board. Rows from 14 to 16 are laid according to the scheme, starting to cover the fireplace and the smoke box.
In the 17th row, a steel strip is again laid - a support for the mantelpiece. Next, masonry is performed according to the scheme. As can be seen from the figures, the smoke channel in the 13th row narrows, then expands again - this is necessary to create the correct traction. At the narrowing point, an area of high pressure is formed, and smoke cannot escape through it and enter the room. In the 24th row, the chimney narrows again. When laying the narrow places of the chimney, it is necessary to carefully remove excess mortar from the inside of the channel, otherwise soot accumulation may form there.
In the 25th row, the smoke channel is blocked, in the 26th row, a smoke damper is installed. Next, they begin to lay out the chimney, gradually narrowing it.
In the 31st, 32nd and 33rd rows, the smoke channel is finally blocked, after which a chimney of the required height is laid, alternating rows 34 and 35. All penetrations through the floors are carried out in compliance with fire regulations: the pipe is insulated with non-combustible materials, for example, basalt mats, the distance to wooden structures it should be at least 25 cm.

A fireplace made according to this scheme allows hot air to collect in a capacious smoke chamber, heating the walls, thereby increasing the heat transfer of the fireplace. It can be used to heat a small house or a spacious living room.

Finishing the fireplace is done to your liking: it can be painting, facing with decorative bricks or tiles, artificial stone. Forged elements - gratings, figured doors very enliven the firebox. They are mounted on anchor bolts in pre-drilled holes. The fireplace, despite its small size, fits perfectly into the country interior and allows you to create comfort even in the smallest house.