Atropine instructions for use. Ways to use atropine

Atropine is a highly effective drug that has vegetable origin. The main active ingredient in this medicinal product is the strongest poison. It is extracted from some plants - belladonna, dope, scopolia, henbane and others.

The active component of the drug - atropine sulfate, belongs to the group of alkaloids. This substance is called a heterocyclic base, which contains a nitrogenous group that exhibits some biological activity. It is able to influence living organisms in a peculiar way.

When using microdoses of this substance, a pronounced therapeutic effect is manifested. Atropine is mainly used as an anticholinergic drug, which is also used as an m-cholinergic receptor blocker.

In what form is this drug produced?

Atropine is a multifunctional drug. It is produced in several dosage forms:

• tablets containing 0.5 mg of the active substance;
• 0.1% solution in ampoules for injections of 1 mg;
• oral solution;
• 1% eye drops in 5 mg polyethylene jars;
• eye films 0.0016 g, 30 pieces per pack;
• powder.

The mechanism of action of the drug

Atropine affects the human body by blocking receptors, which leads to disruption of nerve impulses. According to its mechanism of action, this substance is very similar to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is in the same way able to bind to receptors along the path of movement of nerve impulses. There are several types of these sensitive endings. Atropine is able to block only M-receptors.

The mechanism of action of this drug is that it can bind to the sensitive endings of nerve cells in the likeness of acetylcholine. As a result, the transmission of nerve impulses in a certain part of the body is blocked.

On this basis, the following effects from the use of this drug are observed:

• relaxation of smooth muscles. Due to the inhibition of the activity of the parasympathetic system, there is positive influence on the bronchi (their expansion occurs), the digestive system and the bladder;
• decrease in the secreting ability of sweat, lacrimal, salivary glands. The activity of the main organs of the digestive system, bronchi, also decreases;
• observe mydriasis - dilated pupils. Atropine is able to bind to the cholinergic receptors of the muscles of the iris of the eye. As a result, there is a significant tension of the radial muscle, which provokes the expansion of the pupil;
• accommodation paralysis develops. The action of Atropine is based on the relaxation of the ciliary muscle of the eye, which leads to a flattening of the lens. Such effects are the cause of the development of farsightedness;
• there is an increase in the number of heartbeats. This is due to blocking the action of the parasympathetic nervous system on the sinoatrial node;
• there is a positive effect on atrioventricular conduction;
• at the use of high doses of Atropine there is an expansion of big vessels. As a result, the skin turns red. In the application of a small amount of this drug, this effect is not observed. Despite this, binding to specific receptors occurs, which leads to the absence of a positive result after taking drugs that dilate blood vessels.

This drug is mainly used for the symptomatic treatment of certain negative conditions in the presence of such diseases or pathologies:

• peptic ulcer(stomach, duodenum);
• irritable bowel syndrome;
• hepatic or renal colic;
• to relieve spasms of smooth muscles of the intestine, including during its radiological examination;
• bronchial asthma;
• bradycardia;

• prevention of arrhythmia when using anesthesia;
• the presence of the Morgagni-Adams-Stokes symptom complex;
• increased muscle excitability Bladder that provokes involuntary urination in children and adults;
• spermatorrhoea;
• the presence of pulmonary bleeding;
• cholelithiasis (to relax the ducts to drain bile);
• poisoning with organophosphorus compounds;
• laryngospasm.

In ophthalmology, atropine is used to dilate the pupil. Most often, this is necessary for diagnosing vision, during which the fundus is determined.

Also, the use of this drug is appropriate in the presence of serious injuries or in the treatment of certain diseases - iritis, keratitis, iridocyclitis and others.

Instructions for Atropine

• oral solution. The optimal dosage is 0.25-1 mg 1 to 3 times a day. A person can consume no more than 3 ml of Atropine per day;
• pills. The main recommendation is 0.5-2 tablets 1-3 times a day;
• injection. Can be administered intravenously, subcutaneously or intramuscularly. The optimal dose is 0.25-1 mg 1-2 times a day. In this case, symptomatic therapy begins with a minimum amount of the drug. After the introduction of the first dose, wait a few minutes. If no positive action is observed, all manipulations are repeated;
• eye drops. Apply every 5-6 hours for 1-2 drops. at a time;
• eye ointment. Used 1-2 times a day.

When using Atropine, one must not forget that this drug leads to an increase in the contractility of the heart.

Therefore, it is prescribed with great care to people who suffer from such pathologies:

• atrial fibrillation;
• heart failure;
• ischemic heart disease;
• mitral stenosis;
• arterial hypertension.

Also, with great care, this drug is prescribed to patients with thyrotoxicosis, cerebral palsy, at elevated body temperature, with renal and hepatic insufficiency, and in the presence of other serious diseases.

Interaction with other drugs

When Atropine is taken together with some other drugs, an increase in its action is observed. These include many antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, phenothiazines, butyrophenones, amantadine.

Also, one should not forget that a decrease in intestinal motility leads to a deterioration in the absorption of any other drugs that were taken orally.

Signs of an overdose

Negative manifestations, which are caused by an overdose of Atropine, are observed 40-60 minutes after taking the drug. The most common symptoms of this condition are:

• dryness of all mucous membranes;
• decreased sweating;
• increase in the number of heartbeats;
• development of nausea, combined with vomiting;
• tremor of the limbs;
• difficulty breathing;
• redness of the skin;
• visual impairment;
• the appearance of seizures.

Side effects from taking atropine

Side effects that may occur during treatment with Atropine include:

• development of tachycardia;
• the appearance of dry mouth;
• dizziness;
• the appearance of difficulties with urination;
• constipation;
• mydriasis;
• photophobia;
• violation of tactile perception;
• accommodation paralysis;
• puffiness and hyperemia of the eyes.

Rules for storing the drug

This medicinal product must be stored at an air temperature not exceeding +25°C. In that case, everything beneficial features the drug is stored for 3 years (in solution for injection - 5 years).

Prices for Atropine in Russia

The cost of Atropine in Russian pharmacies ranges from 11 to 59 rubles.

Analogues

When buying this medicine, pay attention to its analogues:

• Cycloptic;
• Midrimax;
• Becarbon;
• Bellacehol;

• Cyclomed;
• Midriacil;
• hyoscyamine,
• Appamid Plus.

Atropine is an alkaloid poisonous substance. It is an anticholinergic drug that blocks M-receptors located in the central nervous system, heart muscles, organs with smooth muscles, and thyroid glands (endocrine glands).

pharmachologic effect

• The production of ZhVS in the body (sweat, salivary, gastric) decreases.
• Reduces the number of damaged cells in the bronchi.
• The contraction of the heart muscle increases.
• Improves blood flow through the ventricles.
• Due to the viscosity of gastric juice, acidity in the stomach decreases.
• Breathing quickens. Pupils dilate.
• Relax muscles, muscular organs (intestines, trachea, urinary)

Release form

The drug is produced:

1. Tablets, powder - 0.5 mg;
2. Drinking solution - 10 ml;
3. Ampoules for intramuscular administration - 1 ml / 1 mg of atropine sulfate;
4. Syringe tube - 1 ml / 1 mg;
5. Eye drops- 5 ml in a vial (1 ml / 10 mg);
6. Ointments, films with atropine for the organs of vision.

Indications for use

• Impaired bowel function - SRCT, sinus rhythm
• Spasms of the liver, kidneys, bronchi in asthma.
• Increased excitability of the muscles of the bladder, leading to incontinence.
• Involuntary discharge of semen from the urethra (spermatorrhea).
• Leakage of blood from the lungs.
• Insufficiency of pulmonary ventilation.
• Poisoning poisonous mushrooms, gases, chemicals.
• When conducting an x-ray of the stomach, intestines.
• In ophthalmology with injuries, to find the condition of the fundus.

Side effects

• Due to decreased salivation, dry mouth, thirst.
• Small rash all over body.
• Difficulty swallowing food or water (dysphagia).
• Visual impairment.
• Neurological syndrome (nerve paresis).
• Strengthening mental, motor activity.
• Urine retention (bladder atony).
• Photophobia, pupil dilation.
• Increase in body temperature.
• Intestinal obstruction (constipation).
• Edema of the eyelids, conjunctivitis.

Contraindications

• Glaucoma, severe forms.
• Damage to blood vessels, heart muscle.
• Enlargement of the prostate gland (hypertrophy).
• Exhaustion of the body, sudden weight loss.
• drug intolerance.

Instruction

Applicable:

• In tablets - 0.25 mg-1 g (substance) no more than 6 tons / day.
• For in / in, in / m, s / c according to the recommendation (0.25 mg-1 g / 2r.).
• Drops - 1-2 k. / 3 rubles / day.
• Ointment - lay for the eyelids 1-2 p.

The dose of the drug is prescribed by the doctor, the instruction is for informational purposes only. The drug is toxic, there may be consequences.

Overdose

• In case of poisoning, the following symptoms occur:
• Pupils dilate, dizziness.
• Increased intracranial pressure.
• Visions, disorientation.
• Fainting, hypotension, coma.

Treatment

1. The introduction of the antagonist - prozerin 1 ml / 0.05% subcutaneously.
2. Physostigmine - 1 ml / 0.1% subcutaneously.
3. Overexcitation - chlorpromazine 2 ml / 2.5% IM.
4. Convulsions - (barbiturates) Geksenal (Hexenalum) sodium IV 10 ml / IV.
5. A sharp increase in temperature - cold wraps.
6. If tachycardia occurs - Inderal (Inderal).

Eye drops

Used in ophthalmology to dilate the pupil (mydriasis). The drug has a prolonged action (up to 10 days). It is necessary to drip only under the supervision of a doctor.

The drug is toxic, has many contraindications, side effects. It is not used very often today. Self-medication is strictly prohibited.

During the expansion of the pupils, an increase in intracranial pressure occurs, so it is not always possible to use them. Except therapeutic effect, during treatment, vision deteriorates, you can not read, drive a car.

The effect of the drug occurs in 30-40 minutes, the function of the eye is restored after 4-5 days. May exacerbate the disease.

Before starting treatment with drops, it is necessary to exclude all contraindications, to approach this issue with caution. In case of side effects, stop using the drug.

For premedication

Preparation of the patient for surgery, for anesthesia, introduction to a state of rest, exclusion of negative reflex reactions.

It starts in the evening before the operation. In some patients, within a few days. Tranquilizers, sedatives, antihistamines are prescribed.

In the morning for 30-40 minutes. before the operation, three drugs are administered - diphenhydramine, promedol, atropine. The latter - 1 ml / 0.1% subcutaneously to dilate the bronchi, reduce salivation, reduce the action of the vagus nerve.

After these three drugs, anesthesia is administered. Premedication is performed when the patient is resting, he has normal pressure, no tachycardia, calm breathing.

Analogues

Today we talked about a drug that has many contraindications, toxic, can be fatal. It must be used strictly under medical supervision. Read on our website about other drugs.

Atropine is a non-selective blocker of M-cholinergic receptors. The effect of the drug is opposite to the effect that is observed when the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is excited.

Release form and composition

The active active ingredient of the drug is a substance of the same name - atropine sulfate.

The drug is available in the following dosage forms:

• Eye drops 1%, 5 ml and 10 ml;
• Eye ointment 1%;
• Solution for injection 0.5 mg / ml, 1 ml, 1 mg / ml, 1 ml and 1 mg / ml, 1.4 ml;
• Oral solution 1 mg / ml, 10 ml;
• Tablets of 0.5 mg.

Indications for use

According to the instructions, Atropine is prescribed for the following diseases:

• Cholecystitis;
• Pylorospasm;
• Acute pancreatitis;
• Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
• cholelithiasis (cholelithiasis);
• Hypersalivation (increased secretion of the salivary glands);
• irritable bowel syndrome;
• Renal, biliary and intestinal colic;
• Bronchospasm;
• Bronchitis with increased mucus production;
• Bronchial asthma;
• Laryngospasm (prevention);
• Symptomatic bradycardia;
• Poisoning with anticholinesterase drugs and M-anticholinergics.

Atropine is widely used in ophthalmology. Eye drops are used to expand the pupil, create functional rest in case of eye injuries and inflammatory diseases, as well as to achieve accommodation paralysis (when examining the fundus and determining the true refraction of the eye).

In addition, Atropine is used for medical preparation of the patient for surgery.

Contraindications

For ophthalmic forms of Atropine, contraindications are open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma (including suspected ones), keratoconus (thinning and change in the shape of the cornea), as well as children's age (1% solution is not prescribed for children under 7 years old).

For other forms of the drug, the only contraindication is hypersensitivity to atropine sulfate or other components of the drug.

Method of application and dosage

Atropine tablets are taken orally at a dose of 0.25-1 mg 1 to 3 times a day. Children under 18, depending on age, are prescribed 0.05-0.5 mg once or twice a day. The maximum single dose of the drug is 1 mg, and the daily dose is 3 mg.

Solution for injection is administered subcutaneously, intravenously or intramuscularly 1-2 times a day, 0.25-1 mg. To eliminate bradycardia, Atropine, according to the instructions, is prescribed intravenously at 0.5-1 mg for adults and 10 mcg / kg for children.

For preliminary drug preparation of the patient for surgery and general anesthesia, the drug is administered intramuscularly 45-60 minutes before the procedure: 400-600 mcg for adults and 10 mcg/kg for children.

When using Atropine in ophthalmology, the recommended dosage for adults is 1-2 drops of a 1% solution in the diseased eye up to three times a day with an interval of 5-6 hours, depending on the indications. Children are prescribed a similar dose of the drug, but a lower concentration.

Sometimes a 0.1% solution of Atropine is injected 0.2-0.5 ml subconjunctivally (under the mucous membrane of the eye) or 0.3-0.5 ml parabulbarno (an injection under the eye). A 0.5% solution from the anode is injected through the eye bath or eyelids (by electrophoresis).

Side effects

When using Atropine, the following systemic (general) side effects:

• Nervous system and sensory organs: dizziness, hallucinations, euphoria, insomnia, accommodation paralysis, confusion, dilated pupil, impaired tactile perception;
• Cardiovascular and hematopoietic system: ventricular fibrillation, sinus tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia and aggravation of myocardial ischemia;
• Gastrointestinal tract: constipation, dryness of the oral mucosa;
• Other reactions: urinary retention, fever, photophobia, lack of normal bladder and bowel tone.

Of the local effects when using Atropine, one can note an increase in intraocular pressure and transient tingling, and with prolonged use, hyperemia and irritation of the skin of the eyelids, redness and swelling of the conjunctiva, accommodation paralysis, development of conjunctivitis and mydriasis (pupil dilation).

With single doses (less than 0.5 mg), a paradoxical reaction may occur, which is associated with the activation of the parasympathetic division (slowing of atrioventricular conduction, bradycardia).

special instructions

When instilling Atropine into the conjunctival sac, the lower lacrimal punctum should be pressed so that the solution does not enter the nasopharynx. To reduce tachycardia with parabulbar and subconjunctival administration of the drug, it is advisable to prescribe validol.

An intensely pigmented iris is more resistant to dilatation and an increase in atropine concentration or frequency of administration is required to achieve the desired effect, so a possible overdose of pupil dilators should be feared.

In patients with farsightedness and patients over 60 years of age who are predisposed to glaucoma, an acute attack of glaucoma may occur with the use of Atropine. This is due to the fact that the anterior chamber of the eye is shallow.

During the period of treatment, you should refrain from driving and engaging in other potentially hazardous activities that require good vision, speed of psychomotor reactions and increased concentration.

Treatment with Atropine must be stopped gradually so that there is no "withdrawal" syndrome.

Analogues

The analogue of the drug in composition is Atropine sulfate, and in terms of pharmacological action such midriatics: Cyclomed, Midriacil and Irifrin.

Terms and conditions of storage

Atropine, according to the instructions, is stored in a place protected from light, out of the reach of children. The room temperature must not exceed 25 °C. The shelf life of the medicinal product is 3 years.

A.03.B.A belladonna alkaloids, tertiary amines

A.03.B.A.01 Atropine

Atropine is an antispasmodic and antichilinergic drug. Its active component is a poisonous alkaloid present in the leaves and seeds of plants of the nightshade family. The main principle of action of the drug is the ability to block the cholinergic systems of the body, located in the heart muscle and organs with smooth muscles.

Dosage form

The drug Atropine is produced by pharmacological companies in the form of a solution for injection and in the form of eye drops.

Description and composition

Atropine sulfate acts as an active ingredient, regardless of the dosage form. Achieving the required dosage formula provides an auxiliary substance - saline.

Solutions have a transparent color, precipitation during storage is not allowed. The turbidity of the composition may indicate improper storage of the drug.

Pharmacological group

The drug Atropine belongs to the group of antispasmodic and anticholinergic drugs. The active component of the drug composition is rapidly distributed in the patient's body and excreted from it with the help of the liver due to enzymatic hydrolysis. The rate of connection with plasma proteins is about 18%. We should not forget about the ability of the substance to actively overcome the placental barrier and penetrate into breast milk. The half-life of the drug is 2 hours. The half dose of the drug is excreted from the patient's body with the help of the kidneys.

Indications for use

Atropine provides a decrease in the secretory function of the glands and helps to relax the muscles of smooth muscles. When using the composition in the format of eye drops, the pupil expands and increases intraocular pressure. Paralysis of accommodation is provided. After taking the drug, acceleration and excitation of cardiac activity is provided, this effect is achieved due to the ability of the composition to have a direct effect on the vagus nerve. The drug has a direct effect on the central nervous system, provides activation of the respiratory center. When using toxic doses, it is possible to increase motor and mental arousal.

The list of indications for taking the drug can be presented as follows:

• ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum;
• spasms of the bile ducts;
• spasms of the respiratory system;
• parkinsonism;
• poisoning with salts of heavy metals;
• bradycardia;
• renal colic;
• intestinal colic;
• irritable bowel syndrome;
• bronchospasm;
• laryngospasm.

Atropine can be used during a number of x-ray studies of the gastrointestinal tract, before various surgical interventions in ophthalmology.

for adults

The drug Atropine can be used by patients of this category in the absence of contraindications for use. Elderly people often require dose adjustments to minimize the risk of complications during use. In case of damage to the liver and kidneys, the composition is used with increased caution.

for kids

The drug can be used in pediatric practice as prescribed by a specialist. With the observance of the rules of increased caution, the composition is prescribed to young children to persons with weakened immunity. The drug can cause a decrease in the intensity of the processes of producing bronchial secretions, against this background, the formation of plugs in the bronchi is possible. The composition is not used for serious brain damage, with cerebral palsy.

Atropine can cross the placental barrier. Controlled studies of the process of using the composition during pregnancy have not been conducted. The composition is not used during pregnancy for intravenous administration due to the possibility of developing tachycardia in the fetus. The active ingredient of the drug in small amounts can pass into breast milk.

Contraindications

The composition is not prescribed to patients with hypersensitivity to the active substance.

Applications and doses

The dosage regimen, frequency and duration of the course of use is set by the attending physician on an individual basis. Failure to follow these recommendations can lead to severe complications.

for adults

The recommended dose for adult patients is 300 micrograms every 4-6 hours. In order to eliminate bradycardia, the composition is prescribed to adult patients at a dose of 0.5 - 1 mg. If necessary, the introduction is repeated after 5 minutes. For premedication - 400-600 mcg one-time.

for kids

To eliminate bradycardia in children, a dose of 10 μg / kg of the patient's body is used.

for pregnant women and during lactation

During pregnancy, the composition is used in doses recommended for adult patients as prescribed by a specialist.

Side effects

With systemic administration, the following reactions may occur:

• dryness in the mouth;
• tachycardia;
• difficulty urinating;
• photophobia;
• dizziness;
• violations of tactile perception;
• accommodation paralysis;
• mydriasis.

When using eye drops, side effects can be as follows:

• swelling of the skin of the eyelids;
• hypermia;
• swelling of the conjunctiva;
• photophobia;
• tachycardia.

Interaction with other drugs

There are no data on the interaction of the drug with other medicines. Possibility of sharing composition with others medicines determined on an individual basis.

special instructions

During the period of use of the drug Atropine, the patient should be careful when driving vehicles and while working with complex mechanisms.

Overdose

When used in doses regulated by the instructions, the likelihood of overdose is minimized. In case of exceeding the recommended doses, a significant deterioration in the patient's well-being is possible. Sedatives can be used to eliminate the manifested adverse reactions. In the event of acute reactions, the patient should seek emergency medical attention.

Storage conditions

The drug is sold to the public through a network of pharmacies with a prescription. The composition should be stored at a temperature not exceeding 25 degrees in a place protected from access by children. Eye drops after opening the package should be stored in the refrigerator.

Analogues

The drug Atropine has no structural analogues for the active substance. A doctor will be able to choose an adequate replacement if it is impossible to use Atropine.

Price

The cost of Atropine is an average of 50 rubles. Prices range from 13 to 55 rubles.