Interesting facts about the letter "O": what do we know about it? Interesting facts, surprising facts, unknown facts in the museum of facts Interesting facts about the Russian alphabet.
At the end of 862, the prince of Great Moravia (state Western Slavs) Rostislav turned to the Byzantine emperor Michael with a request to send preachers to Moravia who could spread Christianity in the Slavic language (sermons in those parts were read in Latin, unfamiliar and incomprehensible to the people).
Emperor Michael sent the Greeks to Moravia - the scientist Constantine the Philosopher (the name Cyril Constantine received when he became a monk in 869, and with this name he went down in history) and his older brother Methodius.
The choice was not random. The brothers Constantine and Methodius were born in Thessalonica (in Greek, Thessaloniki) in the family of a military commander, received a good education. Cyril studied in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine emperor Michael III, knew Greek, Slavic, Latin, Hebrew, Arabic languages well, taught philosophy, for which he received the nickname Philosopher. Methodius was in military service, then for several years he ruled one of the regions inhabited by the Slavs; subsequently retired to a monastery.
In 860, the brothers had already made a trip to the Khazars for missionary and diplomatic purposes.
In order to be able to preach Christianity in the Slavic language, it was necessary to make a translation of the Holy Scripture into the Slavic language; however, the alphabet capable of conveying Slavic speech did not exist at that moment.
Constantine set about creating the Slavic alphabet. Methodius, who also knew the Slavic language well, helped him in his work, since a lot of Slavs lived in Thessalonica (the city was considered half-Greek, half-Slavic). In 863, the Slavic alphabet was created (the Slavic alphabet existed in two versions: the Glagolitic alphabet - from the verb - “speech” and the Cyrillic alphabet; scientists still do not have consensus, which of these two options was created by Cyril). With the help of Methodius, a number of liturgical books were translated from Greek into Slavonic. The Slavs got the opportunity to read and write in their own language. The Slavs had not only their own, Slavic, alphabet, but also the first Slavic literary language, many words of which still live in Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian and other Slavic languages.
The mystery of the Slavic alphabet
The Old Slavonic alphabet got its name from a combination of two letters “az” and “beeches”, which denoted the first letters of the alphabet A and B. An interesting fact is that the Old Slavonic alphabet was graffiti, i.e. graffiti scrawled on the walls. The first Old Slavonic letters appeared on the walls of churches in Pereslavl around the 9th century. And by the 11th century, ancient graffiti appeared in St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv. It was on these walls that the letters of the alphabet were indicated in several styles, and below was the interpretation of the letter-word.
In 1574, an important event took place, which contributed to a new round in the development of Slavic writing. The first printed ABC appeared in Lvov, which was seen by Ivan Fedorov, the man who printed it.
ABC structure
If you look back, you will see that Cyril and Methodius created not just an alphabet, they opened a new path for the Slavic people, leading to the perfection of man on earth and the triumph of a new faith. If you look at historical events, the difference between which is only 125 years, you will understand that in fact the path of establishing Christianity in our land is directly related to the creation of the Slavic alphabet. Indeed, in just one century Slavic people eradicated archaic cults and adopted a new faith. The connection between the creation of the Cyrillic alphabet and the adoption of Christianity today is beyond doubt. The Cyrillic alphabet was created in 863, and already in 988, Prince Vladimir officially announced the introduction of Christianity and the overthrow of primitive cults.
Studying the Old Slavonic alphabet, many scientists come to the conclusion that in fact the first "ABC" is a cryptography that has a deep religious and philosophical meaning, and most importantly, that it is built in such a way that it is a complex logical and mathematical organism. In addition, comparing many finds, the researchers came to the conclusion that the first Slavic alphabet was created as a holistic invention, and not as a creation that was created in parts by adding new letter forms. It is also interesting that most of the letters of the Old Slavonic alphabet are letters-numbers. Moreover, if you look at the entire alphabet, you will see that it can be conditionally divided into two parts, which are fundamentally different from each other. In this case, we will conditionally call the first half of the alphabet the “higher” part, and the second “lower”. The upper part includes letters from A to F, i.e. from “az” to “fert” and is a list of letter-words that carry a meaning understandable to the Slav. The lower part of the alphabet begins with the letter "sha" and ends with "izhitsa". The letters of the lower part of the Old Slavonic alphabet do not have a numerical value, unlike the letters of the higher part, and carry a negative connotation.
In order to understand the secret writing of the Slavic alphabet, it is necessary not only to skim through it, but to read each letter-word. After all, each letter-word contains a semantic core that Konstantin put into it.
Literal truth, the highest part of the alphabet
Az- this is the initial letter of the Slavic alphabet, which denotes the pronoun I. However, its root meaning is the word “originally”, “begin” or “beginning”, although in everyday life the Slavs most often used Az in the context of the pronoun. Nevertheless, in some Old Slavonic writings one can find Az, which meant “one”, for example, “I will go to Vladimir”. Or, “starting from the basics” meant “starting from the beginning.” Thus, with the beginning of the alphabet, the Slavs denoted the entire philosophical meaning of being, where without beginning there is no end, without darkness there is no light, and without good there is no evil. At the same time, the main emphasis in this is placed on the duality of the dispensation of the world. Actually, the alphabet itself is built on the principle of duality, where it is conditionally divided into two parts: the highest and the lowest, positive and negative, the part located at the beginning and the part that is at the end. In addition, do not forget that Az has a numerical value, which is expressed by the number 1. Among the ancient Slavs, the number 1 was the beginning of everything beautiful. Today, studying Slavic numerology, we can say that the Slavs, like other peoples, divided all numbers into even and odd. At the same time, odd numbers were the embodiment of everything positive, kind and bright. In turn, even numbers represented darkness and evil. At the same time, the unit was considered the beginning of all beginnings and was very revered by the Slavic tribes. From the point of view of erotic numerology, it is believed that 1 is a phallic symbol, from which the continuation of the family begins. This number has several synonyms: 1 is one, 1 is one, 1 is times.
Beeches(Beeches) - the second letter-word in the alphabet. It has no digital meaning, but it has no less deep philosophical meaning than Az. Beeches - means "to be", "will be" was most often used in turnovers in the future form. For example, “bodie” means “let it be”, and “bowdo”, as you probably already guessed, means “future, upcoming”. In this word, our ancestors expressed the future as an inevitability that could be both good and rosy, or gloomy and terrible. It is still not known for certain why Bukam Constantine did not give a numerical value, but many scholars suggest that this is due to the duality of this letter. Indeed, by and large, it denotes the future, which each person imagines for himself in a rainbow light, but on the other hand, this word also denotes the inevitability of punishment for committed low deeds.
Lead- the most interesting letter of the Old Slavonic alphabet, which has a numerical value of 2. This letter has several meanings: to know, to know and to own. When Constantine put this meaning into Vedi, he meant secret knowledge, knowledge as the highest divine gift. If you add Az, Buki and Vedi into one phrase, you will get a phrase that means "I will know!". Thus, Constantine showed that a person who discovered the alphabet created by him would subsequently have some kind of knowledge. No less important is the numerical load of this letter. After all, 2 - two, two, a couple were not just numbers among the Slavs, they took an active part in magical rituals and in general were symbols of the duality of everything earthly and heavenly. The number 2 among the Slavs meant the unity of heaven and earth, the duality of human nature, good and evil, etc. In a word, the deuce was a symbol of the confrontation between the two sides, heavenly and earthly balance. Moreover, it is worth noting that the Slavs considered the two to be a devilish number and attributed to it a lot of negative properties, believing that it was the two that opened the number series of negative numbers that brought death to a person. That is why the birth of twins in Old Slavic families was considered a bad sign, which brought illness and misfortune to the family. In addition, among the Slavs, it was considered a bad sign to rock the cradle together, two people to dry themselves with one towel and generally perform any action together. Despite such a negative attitude towards the number 2, the Slavs recognized its magical power. So, for example, many rituals of exorcism were carried out with the help of two identical objects or with the participation of twins.
Having considered the upper part of the alphabet, one can state the fact that it is a secret message of Constantine to the descendants. "Where is it seen?" - you ask. And now you try to read all the letters, knowing their true meaning. If you take several subsequent letters, then phrases-edifications are added:
Lead + The verb means "lead the teaching";
Rtsy + Word + Firmly can be understood as the phrase "speak the true word";
Firmly + Ouk can be interpreted as "strengthen the law."
If you look closely at other letters, you can also find the secret script that Constantine the Philosopher left behind.
Have you ever wondered why the letters in the alphabet are in this order, and not some other? The order of the "higher" part of the Cyrillic letters can be considered from two positions.
Firstly, the fact that each letter-word is formed into a meaningful phrase with the next one may mean a non-random pattern that was invented to quickly memorize the alphabet.
Secondly, the Old Slavonic alphabet can be considered from the point of view of numbering. That is, each letter is also a number. Moreover, all letters-numbers are arranged in ascending order. So, the letter A - “az” corresponds to one, B - 2, G - 3, D - 4, E - 5, and so on up to ten. The letter K begins with tens, which are listed here in the same way as units: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70, 80 and 100.
In addition, many scientists have noticed that the outlines of the letters of the "higher" part of the alphabet are graphically simple, beautiful and convenient. They perfectly suited cursive writing, and the person did not experience any difficulties in depicting these letters. And many philosophers see in the numerical arrangement of the alphabet the principle of the triad and spiritual harmony, which a person achieves, striving for goodness, light and truth.
Having studied the alphabet from the very beginning, we can come to the conclusion that Constantine left his descendants the main value - a creation that encourages us to strive for self-improvement, learning, wisdom and love, remembering the dark paths of malice, envy and enmity.
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One of the most complex and multifaceted in the world. It is spoken by a huge number of people in almost all corners of our planet. It is the sixth in terms of the number of speakers and the eighth in terms of the number of native speakers. How much do we know about our mother tongue? I propose to get acquainted with 20 curious facts about him.
Fact 1
In Russian, almost all words where the first letter is "A" are borrowed. There are very few words on "A", which arose with us, in modern use - "AZBUKA", "AZ" and "AVOS".
Fact 2
"X" in the Old Russian alphabet was called "HER". That's where the derivative "FUCK" came from. It meant crossing something with a cross. But over time, it acquired a familiar meaning for us, such as "LOSE" or "SPIT".
Fact 3
In Russian, there are words where there are three "E"s in a row. There are only two of them - exotic "ZMEEED" and "LONG NECK".
Fact 4
In Rus', until the 19th century, all indecent words were called absurd verbs. "Babe" meant beauty and grace, and "absurd" - the opposite of babble, that is, its antonym.
Fact 5
The longest frequently used word in our language has 14 letters. By the way, it is both a union and at the same time. This is "ACCORDINGLY".
Fact 6
English learners of Russian have their own secret for remembering the sentence "I LOVE YOU". They use a similar phrase in their language "YELLOW BLUE BUS", literally translated as "yellow-blue bus".
Fact 7
Our alphabet is rather strange. In it, some letters are similar to Latin ones. But others, although spelled the same, sound completely different. There are also two letters that cannot be pronounced at all, they do not have their own sounds - these are hard and soft signs.
Fact 8
In our language, there are words that have the first letter "Y". Many remember only "YOD", "YOGA", "YOSHKAR-OLA". And there are already 74 of them.
Fact 9
There are words that start with the letter "Y". True, they are used only as the names of cities and rivers located in Russia: YLYMAKH, YNAKHSYT, YTYK-KEEL.
Fact 10
Surprisingly, we have one word where "O" is used as many as seven times. This is DEFENSE.
Fact 11
in Russian this moment owned by 260 million people. On the Internet, it is the second most popular, second only to English.
Fact 12
Since 2009, the Ministry of Education has legalized the admissibility of using the word "COFFEE" both in the masculine and in the neuter gender.
Fact 13
The word "BABA" has now become slang. But before it was considered an honor to be. Moreover, this title had to be earned. Baba is a woman who gave birth to a son (namely, a son, not a daughter).
Fact 14
The word "HOOLIGAN" has not at all Russian origin. It arose on behalf of the English family Huligan, whose members were distinguished by their violent temper.
Fact 15
The letter "Yo" is the youngest in the alphabet. It appeared only in 1873.
Fact 16
It was in Russian that the first words in space were spoken. By whom? Of course, Yuri Gagarin.
Fact 17
In 1993, the Guinness Book of Records recorded the longest word in our native language - this is "X-RAY ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC". It has 33 letters.
Fact 18
The human hand is not only an important part of the body. They like to “use” her in many stable expressions in the Russian language: “Wear on hands”, “Hands itch”, “Hand in hand”.
Fact 19
In the Old Slavonic language, "I" was the very first letter of the alphabet.
Fact 20
In the 18th century, the exclamation point was called the point of surprise.
And on this we will put a bold point of surprise. Develop, study (including thanks to) and love your native language!
If you know any other interesting facts, do not be greedy, share them with others in the comments to this article.
Why are the letters in the alphabet in this order?
Often I meet the answer to this question on the Internet in this form: "this is an inexplicable fact." But I still found some explanations, which I want to convey to you. And you already tell me if you heard a different version.
With the Russian alphabet, everything is simple. Slavic writing is only a little over a thousand years old, and its history is known. In the second half of the 9th century, the brothers Cyril and Methodius decided to bring Christianity to the Slavic world, and since Christianity is the religion of the book, Cyril invented the alphabet for the Slavs, the Glagolitic alphabet.
Cyril came up with the original styles (although based on the Greek minuscule common in those days), but kept the order in general terms. Maybe then, so that it would still be convenient to denote numbers with letters. Maybe because he did not know another order. Maybe because the alphabetical order of the language of the Bible is sacred - it is said in the Bible: “I am alpha and omega”, that is, the beginning and the end.
The only thing was to give some place to the letters that denoted sounds that were absent in Greek: B, Zh, C, Ch, Sh, etc. And they were placed either next to the letters denoting the most similar sounds (B - next to C, G - next to Z), or at the end of the alphabet. When Cyrillic, which is more similar to Greek letters, began to be used instead of Glagolitic, the alphabetical order was generally preserved, although some rare letters in different lists occupy different places, and some are found only in part of the lists.
The Greek alphabet took its letter order from Semitic writing. There is a legend about the Phoenician Cadmus, who taught the Greeks writing. Like the Slavs, the Greeks needed additional letters, so at the end of the Greek alphabet we see phi (Φ), chi (Χ), psi (Ψ) and omega (Ω) missing from the Phoenicians. By the way, these letters are not in the early lists, the alphabet ends either in upslon (Y) or in general in tau (T).
Ultimately, the Latin alphabet goes back to the same source, which is why the order of the letters in it differs so little from the Russian that we are used to. Perhaps the most noticeable is that in place of G in front of the letter D (D) we see C (read as “k”). But if you look at the Latin letter G, you can see that it is derived from C (and was produced quite late - that is why the name Guy for a long time abbreviated with the letter C - never heard of Julius Caesar's "Caius"?).
But where the order of the letters in the Semitic letter came from is not known exactly. The signs themselves, most likely, did not arise without the influence of Egyptian writing, but the Semites themselves came up with the order. Moreover, even before the appearance of the Semitic writing itself: for the first time it is found in the Ugaritic letter, and it is cuneiform.
If the Europeans simply copied the order of the letters (perhaps in order to preserve, at least basically, their numerical values behind the letters), then the ancient Indians, who had a good linguistic tradition, having received the Semitic letter at their disposal, arranged the letters in accordance with the pronunciation: first vowels, then consonants, and within these groups the order is also not random. And the Indians came up with separate numbers for themselves. Then, through the Arabs, these figures reached Europe, and we know them under the name "Arab" - but that's another story.
Here's another opinion: The fact is that the system of the current alphabet comes from the old Russian alphabet. And to memorize it, the method of mental images was used. After all, it is easier to memorize a meaningful text than to memorize a set of characters. So there was precisely such an order and no other. Of course, over time, it changed, some letters left, some were added, but the skeleton, so to speak, remained.
“Az beeches vede. The verb is good. Live green, earth, and, like some people, think of our peace. Rtsy word firmly - uk furt her. Tsy, worm, shta ra yus yati.
One possible translation of this text is as follows:
“I know letters: writing is a treasure. Work hard, earthlings, as befits reasonable people - comprehend the universe!
Carry the word with conviction: knowledge is a gift from God! Dare, delve into, in order to comprehend the light of existence!
Or something else interesting:
Squared 7 by 7
In the first line:
I know God, I say good, so I exist.
In the second line:
Life is abundant on Earth when universal truth is in community from God.
In the third line:
For all thinking people only He (God) speaks peace.
On the fourth line:
The word, approved from above, calls to confidently hold on to the foundations of the wisdom of goodness in order to complete the path, to come into harmony for a new beginning.
On the fifth line:
The protection of our earth's borders and growth ensure God's protection and our unity.
On the sixth line:
The harmonious development and growth potential of my family and me, as a part of it, depends on the Supreme source and the history of the family.
On the seventh line:
The meaning of life is to strive to perfect the spirit and soul until it fully matures into a perfect personality in eternity.
Vertical 1 column:
My life is like a thought clothed in sound, striving for harmony, the smallest particle of reason in the universe.
2nd column:
God creates a solid boundary around people and directs them to self-improvement.
3rd column:
Knowledge of the Earth and reflection on it call for peace in the spirit of our kind (people).
4 column:
To speak the truth is our tradition, our protection, part of our soul. (What is the strength of a brother? - In Truth!)
5 column:
The benefit of the Universe is that God the Creator confidently and firmly creates the growth of everything, for the complete maturation of the seed.
6 column:
The essence of the existence of human society in peace, peace, balance, harmony, unity from the Supreme Source to the perfect soul.
7 column:
The existing heavenly Source brings to our world both the beginning of everything and the growth of everything, and the experience of people in time.
Diagonal from top to bottom and left to right:
I think a lot and the basis of my creativity is the supreme Source always.
Vasily Fedorovich is the first Russian publisher who began publishing "mass" secular books. His primer is notable for its particular grace and simplicity. By tradition, the book is small in size, about the size of a wallet. Unlike Ivan Fedorov (the first Russian book printer), Burtsov used red color, highlighting letters, syllables and titles of sections of the primer. He was especially attentive to the design - fonts and graphics. According to the primer of Vasily Burtsov, for another century and a half, people in Rus' learned to read and write.
"Vecherka" has collected interesting facts about letters and primers from all over the world.
1. In Volgograd, on Lenin Street, there is a unique Museum of Writing and ABC Books of the Peoples of the World. Its exhibits are primers from different countries, the alphabet for the blind, and even such exotic writing as "all-the-world" writing and runes. Exhibits, despite their fragility, can be touched, examined, flipped. The "Ladder of the Literates" is the central exhibit of the museum, having become acquainted with it, each person determines for himself how much he has mastered the Russian language.
2. The very first primer was printed by Ivan Fedorov, the founder of book printing in Rus', in Lvov in 1574. Today in the world there is only one copy of this book, which is perfectly preserved. It belongs to the library of Harvard University USA. It is curious that the primer came to Harvard from the Paris collection of S.P. Diaghilev.
3. In one of the kindergartens in northern India, pupils kindergarten teach the alphabet using pictures of bombs and knives. The parents of the kids filed a complaint with the Department of Primary Education, showing officials the alphabet, where the letter B was illustrated with an image of a bomb, and the letter C was a picture on which a knife (in Hindi Chaku) was drawn.
4. In 1694, Karion Istomin, an employee of the printing house, presented the first Russian illustrated primer to the court. Each letter of the alphabet was accompanied by a drawing of an object for that letter. The primer introduced the Latin, Greek and Polish alphabets. The book almost completely lacked religious texts. The primer was intended not only for the "lads", but also, which was then new, for the "ladies".
5. There are currently 65 different alphabets in use around the world. The richest of them is Khmer, it has 72 letters, and the most economical is the alphabet of one of the languages of Papua New Guinea, which needs 11 letters.
6. The Phoenicians came up with the alphabet, and the Greeks came up with the idea of introducing vowels into it. The last major improvement to the alphabet was made by Roman scribes in the 4th century AD: they separated uppercase and lowercase letters.
7. The most ancient letter- "ABOUT". It was still in the Phoenician alphabet about 3300 years ago and has not changed at all since then.
8. The most common vowel sound in the languages of the world is "A". There is no language that does not have such a sound. It exists even in Abkhazian, where there are only two vowels - “a” and “e”, and in Ubykh, where “a” is the only vowel.
9. You will not find truly Russian words that would end with the sound "E": muffler and pince-nez are French words.
10. In Russian, the letter "Y" is never at the beginning of a word. But the Turks just adore her. Our word for "cupboard" in Turkey is "yshkaf". Iraq is called "Yrak" in Turkey.
11. Linguists will tell you that in Russian there was a vowel sound, something between “e” and “i”, to designate it in writing there was the letter “Yat”. However, in the 19th century, no Russian could, with all his will, notice such a subtle difference by ear, and spelling turned into a nightmare for schoolchildren. In the end, "yat" was abolished.
12. The letter "solid sign" or as it used to be called "er", now behaves quietly and meekly. But until recently, schoolchildren who were learning to read and write suffered terrible misfortunes from this letter. Until 1917, in the phrase “Then they wrote about a firm sign with anger and indignation ..” 4 “era” would have to be put. In the 1897 edition of War and Peace, there are 54-55 solid characters per page. That's 70+ useless pages! If you count all the books, it turns out that in Tsarist Russia about eight and a half million pages were printed annually, covered from top to bottom only with hard signs.
The alphabet is the key to knowledge. Studying the alphabet, we take the first and most step towards a systematic acquaintance with science and culture, we get an indispensable tool for acquiring new knowledge.
It is believed that the first alphabetic alphabet appeared in the 13th century BC. BC, when the Phoenicians made a decisive transition from signs denoting words to signs denoting sounds. Almost all existing alphabets are descendants of the Phoenician, or Canaanite script. In the Phoenician alphabet, letters denoted only consonants, and there were enough of them. However, in modern Russian, the vast majority of texts will remain understandable if they are written only in consonants.
The history of the Russian alphabet can be traced quite clearly. It comes from the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet, which Cyril and Methodius gradually adapted first to the Old Slavonic language, and then to Old Russian. The Russian alphabet developed like a living organism - new letters appeared, some rarely used or completely unnecessary disappeared. The current version of the Russian alphabet can be dated to 1942. Then the use of the letter "ё" became mandatory, respectively, there were 33 letters in the alphabet.
Here are some fun facts about the Russian alphabet:
1. There were 49 letters in Cyrillic. Gradually, their number decreased to 32, and then again slightly grew due to the “ё”.
2. Most often in Russian the letter "o" is used. The rarest letter in Russian writing is a solid sign.
3. The letter "o" is 2,000 years older than the entire alphabet. In the word "defense" it is used 8 times.
4. The letter “y” occupies a rather high 23rd place out of 33 in terms of frequency of use, but at the same time only 74 words begin with it.
5. There are no words in Russian that begin with soft and hard signs and “s”.
6. The letter "f" is found exclusively in words of foreign origin.
7. Peter I, reforming the spelling, removed the letters “xi”, “omega” and “psi” from the alphabet. The emperor wanted to remove four more letters and all superscripts, but the resistance of the priests was so strong that even the frantic Peter was forced to retreat. Lomonosov later called the reform of Peter I a change of letters from winter coats into summer clothes.
8. The letter “ё” was invented back in 1783, but finally included in the alphabet only after a century and a half. The surname of the hero of Anna Karenina was Levin. The printing workers renamed him Levin. However, later Andrei Bely and Maria Tsvetaeva did not use this letter as a matter of principle. It was made optional again in 1956. On the Russian Internet, heated debates about "ё" did not subside until 2010.
9. A solid sign is still not the easiest letter to use, but before the reform of 1918, its predecessor, called "er", was the cornerstone of literacy. It had to be placed according to special rules at the end of words (but not all) ending in a consonant. There were more than 50 "ers" on almost any book page. All the "eras" written out of "War and Peace" would take 70 pages.
10. During the reform of 1918, the last two letters were removed from the alphabet, and “I” became the last one. In certain circles, the reform was interpreted as follows: "The Bolsheviks put human individuality in last place."
11. The removal of the letter “chrism” from the alphabet was interpreted accordingly – the new government refuses to chrismate the Orthodox.
12. The Cyrillic alphabet was based on the Greek alphabet, so the arrangement of letters in the Russian and Greek alphabets is very similar. With letters denoting sounds that are not in Greek, Cyril and Methodius acted simply and logically - they placed them before the most similar Greek ones (“b” before “c”, “g” before “h”), or put them at the end of the list .
13. With the exception of a few units, all words starting with "a" are borrowed. For example, "alphabet". But the word "alphabet" is primordially Russian.
14. The famous writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn already in the 1970s proposed returning “yat” and “er” to the Russian alphabet.
15. The letter "e" appeared in the alphabet after borrowing foreign words with the corresponding sound. Prior to this, there was no need for it. And even now, in many words, especially at the end, it is replaced by “e”, for example, “pince-nez”.