Presentation to students about the State Duma of the Russian Federation. State Duma of the Russian Federation

This presentation aims to acquaint students with the activities of the first State Dumas of Russia, to give an idea of ​​why they were convened, about their party composition and the ideological aspirations of the participants. It shows the political life of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century in a modern visual colorful form. Provides an opportunity to compare and compare the activities of the State Dumas of the past and present. Promotes the political education of students.

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Lesson dedicated to the 105th anniversary of Russian parliamentarism Topic: "The State Duma of the early XX century"

Lesson objectives: To get acquainted with the first State Dumas of Russia and their composition; Learn to work with tables, diagrams, analyze them; Develop the ability to compare, establish a connection between the State Dumas of the past and the present

I and II State Dumas On August 6, 1905, the State Duma was established by the Manifesto of Nicholas II as "a special legislative advisory institution, which is given the preliminary development and discussion of legislative proposals and consideration of the list of state revenues and expenditures." The development of the regulation on elections was entrusted to the Minister of Internal Affairs Bulygin, the term for convocation was set - no later than mid-January 1906.

Nicholas II announced the introduction of a competent legislative body in the Manifesto on October 17, 1905 Draft law State Council (approval) State Duma (approval) Emperor (approval) Acquires the force of law No law in Russia is valid in violation of this scheme. If the scheme is violated, it qualifies as a coup d'état

Elections to the First State Duma were held from March 26 to April 20, 1906. The RSDLP, the national social-democratic parties, the Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries and the All-Russian Peasant Union declared a boycott on the elections to the Duma of the first convocation. Elections of deputies of the Duma took place in four curia - landowning, city, peasant and workers. The elections were unequal: 1 vote of the landowner was equal to 3 votes of the urban bourgeoisie, 15 votes of peasants and 45 votes of workers.

They did not have voting rights: farm laborers, day laborers, women soldiers, sailors, artisans wandering foreigners under guardianship Persons under 25 years of age foreigners

Party composition of the First State Duma Based on the composition of the Duma: What could be expected from it? Muromtsev Sergey Andreevich (cadet)

The First Duma worked for 72 days. 2 drafts on the agrarian question were discussed: from the Cadets (42 signatures) from the deputies of the labor group of the Duma (104 signatures). They proposed the creation of a state land fund to allocate land to the peasantry. The Cadets wanted to include in the fund: state, appanage, monastic, part of the landowners' lands. They advocated the preservation of exemplary landowner farms and the alienation for the market price of the land that they rent out. The Trudoviks demanded, in order to provide for the peasants, to allocate plots to them at the labor norm at the expense of: state, appanage, monastic privately owned lands exceeding the labor norm, the introduction of equal labor land use, the announcement of a political amnesty, the liquidation of the State Council, and the expansion of the legislative rights of the Duma.

declared the expropriation of land unacceptable. She refused the deputies' demand to grant a political amnesty and expand the prerogatives of the Duma and introduce the principle of ministers' responsibility to it. On May 13, a government declaration appeared, which: Development of events: Duma Decision on no confidence in the government and its replacement, immediate and complete destruction of private ownership of land and declaring it, with all bowels and waters, the common property of the entire population of Russia. The Socialist-Revolutionaries put forward "project 33" Government July 8, 1906 The tsarist government, under the pretext that the Duma not only does not calm the people, but even more incites unrest, disbanded it.

“The elected representatives of the population, instead of the work of building a legislative one, evaded to an area that did not belong to them and turned to investigating the actions of the local authorities appointed by Us, to pointing out to Us the imperfections of the Fundamental Laws, changes of which can only be undertaken by Our Monarch’s will, and to actions that are clearly illegal , as an appeal on behalf of the Duma to the population. The manifesto also announced the holding of new elections according to the same rules as in the First State Duma. On July 6 (19), 1906, instead of the unpopular I. L. Goremykin, the resolute P. A. Stolypin (who also retained the post of Minister of the Interior) was appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers. July 8 was followed by a decree on the dissolution of the State Duma, this step in the manifesto of July 9 was explained as follows:

Party composition of the II State Duma Worked from February 20 to June 2, 1907. Analyze the composition of this Duma. How was it different from the first? Golovin Fedor Alexandrovich (cadet)

Compare the composition of I and II State Dumas. Do the election results indicate the real mood in the country? Do you think that the First and Second State Dumas were a real parliament?

On June 1, 1907, Prime Minister Stolypin accused 55 deputies of plotting against the royal family. The Duma was dissolved by decree of Nicholas II of June 3 (Third June Coup).

New Electoral Law on Elections to the Third State Duma THE STATE DUMA'S OBJECTIVES ARE TO MAKE LAWS NECESSARY FOR THE GOVERNMENT TO TRANSFORM RUSSIA TO CUT BUDGET APPETITES OF DEPARTMENTS TO FACILITATE OBTAINING FOREIGN LOANS TO FINANCING TRANSFORMATIONS ELECTORAL LAW JUNE 3, 1907 PROVIDED STOLYPIN OBEYABLE STATE DUMA.

PARTY COMPOSITION OF THE III STATE DUMA PARTY COMPOSITION OF THE IV STATE DUMA How has the party composition of these Dumas changed in comparison with the previous ones? (November 1907 - June 1912) (November 1912 - October 1917)

III State Duma. This Duma was the first to meet the deadline. For 5 years, she adopted more than 2000 bills. Including: on the labor issue of creating military funds, on reducing the working day to 10 hours, on revising the law punishing participation in a strike; on the national question, Russian and Finnish citizens living in Finland were equalized in rights, Finland was deprived of the right to independence in matters of taxes, policing, Finnish money was abolished. In addition, the rights of men and women in pedagogical activity were equalized. N. A. Khomyakov (Octobrist) A. I. Guchkov M. V. Rodzianko

IV State Duma The IVDuma began its activity in the period of a new general democratic upsurge, which affected its work and composition. A split occurred in the Octobrist Party, representatives of the legal and left wing departed from it. The Left Octobrists, united with a part of the Cadets, formed the Progressive Party. The Duma had to work in the conditions of a new democratic upsurge in Russia, preparations for a world war that had begun and in the conditions of this war. The final chord of the activities of the Duma was the February Revolution. Rodzianko M.V. (Octobrist) What was the Progressive Party?

Test yourself Test 1. In the First State Duma, the Cadets received the majority. 2. Rodzianko was the Chairman of the Second Duma. 3. The Second Duma successfully existed for the entire period. 4. For the first time, the convocation of the Duma was announced in the "Manifesto" on August 6, 1905. 5. The Progressists are an association of the Left Octobrists with the Cadets. 6. The main issue of the first two Dumas was agrarian. 7. A.I. Guchkov was the Chairman of the IV State Duma. 8. II Duma was called "Bulygin". 9. The Octobrists took a leading position in the Third Duma. 10. The First World War began during the powers of the Second Duma. ?

Federal Assembly State Duma of the Russian Federation Federation Council

State Duma Composition Two representatives from each constituent entity of the Russian Federation: one each from the representative and executive bodies of state power (there are 83 constituent entities in the Russian Federation, hence 166 members of the Federation Council). The State Duma consists of 450 deputies. .

State Duma of the Russian Federation

The State Duma of the Russian Federation The State Duma of the Russian Federation (briefly the State Duma) is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (Article 95 of the current Constitution of Russia) The legal status of the State Duma is defined in the fifth chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The State Duma consists of 450 deputies (Article 95 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). The First State Duma was elected together with the Federation Council on the day of the popular vote on the Constitution on December 12, 1993 for a period of two years (according to the transitional provisions of the adopted Constitution). The term of office of 2-4 convocations of the State Duma is four years. Due to amendments to the 2008 Constitution, the next convocations of deputies will be elected for a term of five years. The work of the Duma is headed by the Chairman of the Duma and his deputies, while each faction or deputy group can nominate a deputy chairman of the State Duma. The work of deputies is carried out within the framework of committees and commissions of the State Duma. Deputies of the State Duma Apparatus of the State Duma

The State Duma of the Russian Federation Powers The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 103) defines the following powers of the State Duma and gives the right to make decisions on them: giving consent to the President of the Russian Federation to appoint the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation; hearing annual reports of the Government of the Russian Federation on the results of its activities, including on issues raised by the State Duma; resolving the issue of confidence in the Government of the Russian Federation; appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank of Russia; appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation and half of its auditors; appointment and dismissal of the Commissioner for Human Rights, acting in accordance with federal constitutional law; amnesty declaration; bringing charges against the President of the Russian Federation to remove him from office.

Council of the State Duma First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Deputy Chairmen of the State Duma Deputies of the State Duma Chairman of the State Duma Fractions of political parties Committees and commissions of the State Duma

State Duma of the Russian Federation Committees of the State Duma The State Duma forms committees and commissions. Committees are the main bodies of the chamber involved in the legislative process. They are formed, as a rule, according to the principle of proportional representation of deputy associations. The chairmen of the committees, their first deputies and deputies are elected by a majority vote of the total number of deputies on the proposal of deputy associations. Powers of the committees: making proposals on the formation of an exemplary program of legislative work of the State Duma for the current session and a calendar for the consideration of issues by the State Duma for the next month; carry out preliminary consideration of bills and their preparation for consideration by the State Duma; preparation of draft resolutions of the State Duma; preparation of opinions on bills and draft resolutions submitted for consideration by the State Duma; preparation in accordance with the decision of the Chamber of Inquiries to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; in accordance with the decision of the Council of the State Duma, the instruction of the Chairman of the State Duma, the preparation of draft resolutions of the State Duma on sending representatives of the State Duma to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; organization of parliamentary hearings held by the State Duma; conclusions and proposals on the relevant sections of the draft federal budget; analysis of the practice of applying legislation.

State Duma of the Russian Federation Committees of the State Duma State Duma Committee on Constitutional Legislation and State Building State Duma Committee on Civil, Criminal, Arbitration and Procedural Legislation State Duma Committee on Labor and Social Policy State Duma Committee on Budget and Taxes State Duma Committee on Financial Market State Duma Committee on Economic Policy and Entrepreneurship Committee of the State Duma on Property Committee of the State Duma on Industry Committee of the State Duma on Construction and Land Relations Committee of the State Duma on Energy Committee of the State Duma on Transport Committee of the State Duma on Defense Committee of the State Duma on Security Committee of the State Duma on International Affairs Committee of the State Duma on Affairs of the Commonwealth of Independent States and Relations with Compatriots Committee of the State Duma on Federation Affairs and Regional Policy State Duma Committee on Local Self-Government State Duma Committee on Regulations and Organization of the State Duma State Duma Committee on Information Policy, Information Technologies and Communications State Duma Committee on Health Protection vyya Committee of the State Duma on Education Committee of the State Duma on Family, Women and Children Committee of the State Duma on Agrarian Affairs Committee of the State Duma on Natural Resources, Nature Management and Ecology Committee of the State Duma on Culture Committee of the State Duma on Public Associations and Religious Organizations Committee of the State Duma on Nationalities Committee of the State Duma on Physical Culture and Sports Committee of the State Duma for Youth Affairs Committee of the State Duma for Problems of the North and the Far East Committee of the State Duma for Veterans Affairs There are 32 committees in the State Duma of the 5th convocation.

State Duma of the Russian Federation Commissions of the State Duma There are four commissions in the State Duma of the 5th convocation: Commission of the State Duma on Mandatory Issues and Issues of Deputy Ethics Counting Commission of the State Duma Commission of the State Duma for Consideration of Federal Budget Expenses Aimed at Ensuring Defense and State Security of the Russian Federation Commission of the State Duma on Legislative Support anti-corruption

State Duma of the Russian Federation Formation Appointment of elections - elections of deputies of the State Duma are appointed by the President of the Russian Federation. Deputy - A citizen of the Russian Federation who has reached the age of 21 and has the right to participate in elections can be elected as a Deputy of the State Duma (moreover, the same person cannot be both a State Duma deputy and a member of the Federation Council). A deputy of the State Duma of the first convocation could simultaneously be a member of the Government of the Russian Federation. Electoral system - Since 2007, deputies of the State Duma have been elected according to the proportional system (according to party lists). Previously, there was a mixed electoral system in Russia, since half of the total number of deputies was also elected according to the majoritarian system (in single-mandate constituencies). Since 2005, the entry barrier has been raised to 7%. The new rules were set up specifically to cut off clearly impassable parties and undesirable candidates for the State Duma. The term of office of 2-5 convocations of the State Duma is four years. Elections to the State Duma were held in 1993, 1995, 1999, 2003 and 2007.

State Duma of the Russian Federation of the 5th convocation Meetings were held: from December 24, 2007 to the present Chairman: Gryzlov, Boris Vyacheslavovich, United Russia faction. Elections to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 5th convocation were held on December 2, 2007. This is the first election in which the threshold for parties entering the Duma on party lists has been raised from 5% to 7%. In addition, the following have been removed by law: the lower turnout threshold the ability to vote against all the majority system has been canceled the voting in single-mandate districts has been canceled it is forbidden for members of one party to pass through the lists of another party it is forbidden to unite in elective blocs Start date: December 2, 2007. Estimated expiration date: December 2, 2011.

Council of the State Duma First Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Deputy Chairmen of the State Duma Deputies of the State Duma Chairman of the State Duma Faction of the All-Russian Party of Party "UNITED RUSSIA" Faction "Liberal Democratic Party of Russia" Faction "A JUST RUSSIA" Faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Committees and Commissions of the State Duma

The State Duma of the Russian Federation of the 5th convocation Deputies' associations include factions and deputy groups. A deputy association may be formed on the basis of a party or an electoral bloc that has entered the Duma in a federal constituency. A deputy has the right to be a member of only one deputy association. Factions Number of deputies Share of votes Faction of United Russia31570% Faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation5712.7% Faction of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia408.9% Faction of Just Russia388.4% Main parliamentary factions of the State Duma of the 5th convocation

State Duma of the Russian Federation of the 5th convocation Faction of United Russia: 315 deputies Faction of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia: 40 deputies Faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation: 57 deputies Faction of Just Russia: 38 deputies

State Duma of the Russian Federation The main elections of 2011 will be the elections of deputies of the State Duma. Deputies of the State Duma are elected from a federal constituency in proportion to the number of votes cast for federal lists of candidates for deputies of the State Duma. The federal electoral district, according to which the deputies of the State Duma are elected, includes the entire territory of the Russian Federation. Voters residing outside the territory of the Russian Federation are considered to be assigned to a federal electoral district. Elections of deputies to the State Duma of a new convocation are appointed by the President of the Russian Federation. The decision to call elections must be made no earlier than 110 days and no later than 90 days before voting day. The term of office of deputies of the State Duma of the sixth convocation will be 5 years.

State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections will be held on the basis of the provisions of the Federal Law “On Elections of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation”, adopted in 2007. Nomination of the list of candidates for deputies exclusively by political parties All-federal part - up to 10 candidates The size of the electoral fund of an electoral association has been increased - up to 700 million rubles. On the territory of the Sverdlovsk region, regional branches of political parties will be able to use up to 55 million rubles. own electoral fund, previously it could be no more than 30 million rubles.

State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections Innovations. “Electronics has long penetrated into our lives, has taken a strong position in it. Computers are replacing pens and pencils, and email has almost replaced paper. Even newspapers are gradually moving to the Internet. There are not so many islands of traditional technologies left in this stream of general informatization. Until recently, one of them was voting in elections. The traditional process has not changed for decades. But progress cannot be stopped. Innovation has reached here as well. Ordinary ballot boxes are a thing of the past. Voters are now being asked to drop their ballots into special automated devices. Meet KOIB. (S.P. Saptsyn, Head of the Information Department of the Electoral Commission of the Sverdlovsk Region)

State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections Innovations. Vote counting automation systems have been used in elections in Russia since 1996. Initially, these were just ballot scanners that could only work with A4 sheets. They were quite bulky, expensive and difficult to maintain. Modernization was required, equipping them with a printer, a modem, that is, the creation of complexes for processing ballots. Since 2004, ballot processing complexes - KOIB - have been used in elections.

State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections Innovations. At the elections of deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, 10% of polling stations in the Sverdlovsk region are planned to use ballot processing complexes - KOIBs. The first use of electronic assistants in the Sverdlovsk region took place in the elections in Yekaterinburg on October 10, 2010. At the forthcoming elections in March 2011 and in the future, the electoral commissions plan to use modern devices KOIB-2010. KOIB - ballot processing complex

State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections Innovations. The complex is an optical ballot scanner located above the ballot box ("ballot box") and integrated with a computer.

State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections Innovations. Designed for automated counting of votes during elections in accordance with applicable law; printing of the protocol of the precinct election commission on the results of voting

State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections Innovations. Voters fill out ballots in the usual way, which are then read by a scanner and put into the ballot box. When voting with the help of the KOIB, it is important not to crumple or fold the ballots, and also to drop them into the ballot box one by one.

State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections Innovations. The use of the FCIB contributes to a clear formalization of the voting procedure, increasing the objectivity of the vote count by reducing the influence of the human factor. As a result of their use, the efficiency of summing up the voting results is increased, the possibility of errors and forgery when counting ballots and falsification of voting results at polling stations is eliminated, and it reduces the labor costs of members of election commissions. Experimental application of KOIB in elections in a number of regions has shown the promise of their use, reliability and expediency of further application.

State Duma of the Russian Federation Elections Innovations. The use of modern information technologies, including the use of the Internet public information and telecommunications network, is one of the priority areas for improving the electoral process as a whole and optimizing the activities of election commissions, referendum commissions. The organization of video surveillance at polling stations, referendum precincts and broadcasting the image on the Internet is carried out in order to: increase the level of citizens' confidence in the electoral process; ensure maximum openness and publicity of the voting and vote counting procedures.

"Classification of professions" - Classification of professions. Project "World of Professions". Choice of profession. Requirements for the profession of a pastry chef. Job requirements for a person. Teacher. Poll at school. Life plans. Occupation classes. The question of professional self-determination. Results. Professions departments. Choice of future profession. Occupation groups. Pastry chef. Paramedic. Partners. Profession formula. Occupational analysis. Librarian. Profession.

"Ship mechanic" - The history of the profession. Opportunity for professional growth. Description of the profession. Pay level. Mechanic's work clothes. The ship's mechanic often has to be away from home. Profession experience. Working conditions. Educational institutions by profession. Requirements for a specialist. Ship mechanic. Control of the main and auxiliary ship machines. Professionally important qualities. Demand and social significance.

"Types of doctors" - Training. pharmaceutical factories. Surgeons. Graduate. Specialist. Entry exams. Faculty of Higher Nursing Education. ENT doctors. Medical Faculty. Hygienist. Doctors are laboratory assistants. Profession - doctor. Obstetrician-gynecologist. General practitioners. Faculty of Dentistry. Lecturer in secondary medical educational institutions. Medical and preventive faculty. Faculty of Pharmacy.

"The "rule of law" social science" - A type of state whose activities are really limited by law. Russian philosopher Ivan Aleksandrovich Ilyin. Parliamentary monarchy (Great Britain, Sweden, Spain, Japan). Russian jurist Bogdan Alexandrovich Kistyakovsky. Constitutional state. Guarantees from the omnipotence of any state body. Signs. Civil society and the rule of law. Presidential Republic (USA, Latin American countries).

"State Duma of the Russian Federation" - Greek word. Federal Assembly. Modern GD. The term "electorate". Faction "United Russia". Grand opening. State Duma of the Russian Federation. Ignorance of one voter. Fulfillment of the task "State Duma". First State Duma. Modern State Duma. Elections of deputies of the State Duma. Warm up. Powers of the State Duma. Elections to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

"Maintaining the family budget" - Budget. Home construction. Family income. Aspect of privacy. family consumption. The distribution of household responsibilities in the family. Family income structure. The principle of budgeting. Business vein. Satisfaction of material needs. Expenses. Classification of family expenses. Family budget.

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I AND II STATE DUMA Developed by the teacher of history and social studies MBOU secondary school No. 137 of the city of Samara Sadofyeva M.V. “a special legislative institution, which is given the preliminary development and discussion of legislative proposals and consideration of the list of state revenues and expenditures.”
On August 6, 1905, the State Duma was established by the Manifesto of Nicholas II. The deadline for convocation was set - no later than mid-January 1906. The development of the regulation on elections was entrusted to the Minister of the Interior Bulygin, the Duma became the legislative body. In Art. 8 of the Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire, as amended on April 23, 1906: the norm “No new law can follow without the approval of the State Council and the State Duma and take effect without the approval of the Sovereign Emperor” was enshrined. Composition of the First State Duma Of the 448 deputies of the State Duma of the first convocation, there were 153 Cadets, autonomists (members of the Polish Colo, Ukrainian, Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian and other ethnic groups) - 63, Octobrists - 13, Trudoviks - 97, 105 non-party and 7 others. Cadet S.A. was elected chairman. Muromtsev. Comrades of the Chairman - Prince P.D. Dolgorukov and N.A. Gredeskul (both cadets). Secretary - Prince D.I. Shakhovskaya (cadet).
The first meeting of the State Duma was held on April 27, 1906 in the Tauride Palace Muromtsev S.A. Chairman of the 1st State Duma
P.D. Dolgorukov
ON THE. Gredeskul
DI. ShakhovskySecretary
Leaders of the First Duma Elections to the First State Duma were held from March 26 to April 20, 1906. The elections of deputies to the Duma took place not directly, but through the election of electors separately for four curias - landowning, urban, peasant and workers. For the first two, the elections were two-stage, for the third - three-stage, for the fourth - four-stage. The RSDLP, the national social-democratic parties, the Party of Socialist-Revolutionaries and the All-Russian Peasant Union declared a boycott on the elections to the Duma of the first convocation. Duma deputies from the Samara province??????
Didn't have the right to vote
workers in enterprises with at least 50 male workers.
4 curia"Working"
homeowners
3 Curia "Peasant"
owners of urban real estate and commercial and industrial establishments, tenants or employees.
2 Curia "City"
Owners of 100 to 650 acres of land, depending on the location, owners of immovable property worth at least 15 thousand rubles.
1 Curia "Land Owner's"
According to the electoral law of December 11, 1905, laborers,
day laborers,
women
soldiers, sailors,
artisans
Persons under 25 years of age
Foreigners
The First Duma worked for 72 days. 2 drafts were discussed: from the Cadets (42 signatures). The Cadets proposed: to create a state land fund to allocate land to the peasants; advocated the preservation of exemplary landlord farms and the alienation at a market price of the land that they rent out. From the deputies of the labor group of the Duma (104 signatures). The Trudoviks demanded the introduction of egalitarian land tenure; declarations of political amnesty; liquidation of the State Council; expansion of legislative rights of the Duma. declared the expropriation of land unacceptable.
She refused the deputies' demand to grant a political amnesty and expand the prerogatives of the Duma and introduce the principle of ministers' responsibility to it.
On May 13, a government declaration appeared that:
Development of events:
Thought
Decision of no confidence in the government and its replacement
Government
On July 8, 1906, the tsarist government, on the pretext that the Duma was not only not calming the people, but was inflaming the unrest even more, disbanded it.
the immediate and complete abolition of private ownership of land and the declaration of it, with all bowels and waters, the common property of the entire population of Russia.

Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin - statesman of the Russian Empire. Over the years, he held the posts of district marshal of the nobility in Kovno, governor of the Grodno and Saratov provinces, minister of the interior, and prime minister.
On July 6 (19), 1906, P. A. Stolypin was appointed chairman of the Council of Ministers. “But let Our subjects remember that only with complete order and tranquility is a lasting improvement in the life of the people possible. Let it be known that We will not allow any self-will or lawlessness and with all the power of state power we will bring those who disobey the law to submission to Our Royal will. We call on all well-meaning Russian people to unite to maintain legitimate power and restore peace in our dear Fatherland.” The manifesto also announced the holding of new elections according to the same rules as in the First State Duma.
July 8 was followed by a decree on the dissolution of the First State Duma. Composition of the Second State Duma In its composition, it was generally to the left of the first, since Social Democrats and Socialist-Revolutionaries participated in the elections. Of the 518 deputies, there were: 65 Social Democrats, 37 Socialist-Revolutionaries, 16 People's Socialists, 104 Trudoviks, 98 Cadets (almost half as many as in the First Duma), 54 Rightists and Octobrists, 76 autonomists, and non-party people. 50, the Cossack group consisted of 17, the party of democratic reforms is represented by one deputy. The II State Duma worked from February 20 to June 2, 1907. Cadet F. A. Golovin was elected Chairman. Comrades of the Chairman - N.N. Poznansky (non-party left) and M.E. Berezin (Trudovik). Secretary - M.V. Chelnokov (cadet). The June 3 Revolution The Cadets continued to advocate the alienation of part of the landowners' land and its transfer to the peasants for a ransom. The peasant deputies insisted on the nationalization of the land. On June 1, 1907, Prime Minister Stolypin accused 55 deputies of plotting against the royal family. The Duma was dissolved by decree of Nicholas II of June 3 (Third June Coup).

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Modern representative bodies of power, in one way or another, have grown out of traditional popular assemblies, which are still inherent in primitive communal relations. Subsequently, in Russia, these people's meetings evolved into veche meetings, and the people's veche became an important element of the state structure of Kievan Rus and a number of other early feudal state formations. Old Russian Veche.

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The next stage in the formation of the prerequisites for the development of modern parliamentarism was the formation of nationwide elected class-representative bodies - Zemsky Sobors. Laws were adopted at Zemsky Sobors, issues of declaring war and concluding peace were resolved. Zemsky Cathedral. In the 16th - 18th centuries in the countries of Western Europe, class-representative institutions turned into nationwide elected parliaments. In Russia, the development of its statehood took a different path, which provided for the concentration of all power in the country in the hands of an autocratic monarch. Peter I "Emperor and Autocrat of All Russia"

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At the beginning of the 19th century, one of the closest assistants of Emperor Alexander I, M.M. Speransky, developed a general plan for state transformation. At his suggestion, in 1810, the supreme legislative body, the State Council, was created under the emperor. Another proposal of Speransky - to create an elected legislative body - the State Duma - was not supported by the tsar and his entourage. In the era of the "Great Reforms" of Alexander II in Russia, new elected class-representative institutions were created - zemstvo assemblies in counties and provinces. In these institutions, germs of parliamentarism began to emerge, and it was from these zemstvos, created in the second half of the 19th century, that a number of figures came out who became deputies of the State Duma already in the 20th century. M. M. Speransky.

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The decision of the tsarist government to establish the State Duma in Russia was taken in the summer of 1905, at the height of the first Russian revolution. The autocracy was forced to make concessions to the revolutionary and liberal-democratic forces in order to bring down the revolutionary heat in the country. August 6, 1905 The Manifesto of Emperor Nicholas II was issued on the establishment of the State Duma in the Russian Empire. Emperor Nicholas II

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Working hours Party and political composition Leadership of the State Duma Main issues and activities April 24 - July 8, 1906 Cadets - 161; Trudoviks - 97; peaceful renovationists - 25; s.-d. - 17; Democratic Reform Party - 14; progressives - 12; non-partisans - 103; autonomists' union party: Polish kolo - 32; Estonian group - 5; Latvian group - 6; group of western windows - 20; Lithuanian group - 7. Total: 499 deputies Chairman - SA Muromtsev (Cadet) The problem of creating a "ministry responsible to the State Duma" 2) The central issue is agrarian. Everything has been dismissed by the supreme power and the State Duma has been dissolved.

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Opening hours Party and political composition Leadership of the State Duma Main issues and areas of activity February 20 - June 2, 1907 Trudoviks - 104; cadets - 98; s.-d. - 65; Socialist-Revolutionaries - 37; right - 22; popular socialists - 16; moderates and Octobrists - 32; Democratic Reform Party - 1; non-partisans - 50; national groups - 76; Cossack group - 17 Total: 518 deputies. Chairman - A.F.Golovin (Cadet) The central question is the agrarian one. (projects of the Cadets, Trudoviks, Social-Democrats) Refusal to support Stolypin's agrarian reforms; It was dissolved by the decree of the tsar on June 3, 1907. And a new electoral law was put into effect.

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Working hours Party and political composition Leadership of the State Duma Main issues and activities November 1, 1907 - June 9, 1912 Octobrists - 136; nationalists - 90; right - 51; cadets - 53; progressives and peace-renovators - 39; s.-d. - 19; Trudoviks - 13; non-partisans - 15; national groups - 26. Total: 442 deputies. Chairmen: N.A. Khomyakov (Octobrist, 1907-1910); A.I. Guchkov (Octobrist, 1910-1911); M.V.Rodzianko (Octobrist, 1911-1912) Approved agrarian legislation on the reform of Stolypin (1910) Adopted labor legislation The autonomy of Finland was limited.

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Working hours Party and political composition Leadership of the State Duma Main issues and activities November 15, 1912 - October 6, 1917 Octobrists - 98; nationalists and moderate right 88; center group - 33; right - 65; cadets - 52; progressives - 48; S.-d. -fourteen; Trudoviks - 10; non-partisans - 7; national groups - 21. Total: 442 deputies. Chairman: M.V.Rodzianko (Octobrist, 1912-1917) Support for Russia's participation in the First World War Creation of the so-called Duma. "Progressive Bloc" (1915) and its confrontation with the tsar and the government.

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As a result of the subsequent intensification of lawmaking, the Duma adopted: federal constitutional laws: “On Arbitration Courts in the Russian Federation”, “On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation”, “On the Referendum of the Russian Federation”; the first part of the Civil Code - the economic constitution of the country, the legal basis for market relations; Family, Water, Arbitration procedural codes. In connection with the entry into force of the new Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993, the Duma of the first convocation, first of all, adopted laws that determined the procedure for the formation and functioning of the system of state authorities, ensuring legal guarantees of constitutional rights and freedoms. For the first time, the following issues were regulated at the legislative level: the conclusion, execution and termination of Russia's international treaties; participation of the Russian Federation in international peacekeeping actions; operational-search activity.

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The undoubted success of the Duma can be attributed to the introduction into the normal course of the budget process in the country. The federal budget for 1996 was adopted by the Duma before the beginning of the financial year, and not after, as was the case for many years before. In the field of nature management and environmental protection, an important role was played by the adoption of the law on environmental expertise. In all areas of legal regulation that were touched upon by the deputies, the task of bringing legislation into line with the new Constitution of Russia was solved. For two years of work, the Duma of the first convocation adopted 461 laws. 310 adopted laws came into effect. The Duma of the first convocation fulfilled the mission of transition from the Soviet “pre-parliament” to a professional democratic parliament structured along party lines.

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No. Deputy associations Number of deputies Leader 1. Faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation 149 Zyuganov G.A. 2. Faction "Our Home - Russia" (NDR) 65 Belyaev S.G., 3. Faction LDPR 51 Zhirinovsky V.V. 4. Yabloko faction 46 Yavlinsky G.A., 5. Deputy group "Russian regions" 42 Co-chairs: Abdulatipov R.G., Lysenko V.N., Medvedev V.S., Medvedev P.A., Morozov O. V., Chilingarov A.N.

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The Duma of the second convocation adopted 1036 laws, of which 749 entered into force. Among them are federal constitutional laws: "On the judicial system of the Russian Federation"; "On the Government of the Russian Federation"; “On the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation”; "On military courts of the Russian Federation". Major codified acts came into force: the second part of the Civil Code; the first part of the Tax Code; Budget Code; Criminal Code; Penal Code; Forest Code; Air Code; Urban Planning Code; Merchant Shipping Code. Main results: 6. Deputy group "People's power" 37 Ryzhkov N.I. 7. Agrarian deputy group 35 Kharitonov N.M. 8. Deputies not included in registered deputy associations 25

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The adoption of a number of federal laws was of great importance for the country. In the field of state building: "On the procedure for the adoption and entry into force of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation"; "On the principles and procedure for delimiting the subjects of jurisdiction and powers between the state authorities of the Russian Federation and the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation"; "On the General Principles of Organization of Legislative (Representative) and Executive Bodies of State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation". In the field of defense and security: "On Defense"; "On the status of military personnel"; "On military-technical cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign states". In the financial and economic sphere: "On the securities market"; "On a transfer and promissory note"; “On Mortgage (Pledge of Real Estate)”; "On Foreign Investments in the Russian Federation".

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No. Deputy associations Number of deputies Head 1. Communist Party faction 95 G.A. Zyuganov 2. Unity faction 81 B.V. Gryzlov, 3. Fatherland – All Russia faction (OVR) 43 Ye.M. Primakov 4. Faction "UNION OF RIGHT FORCES" (SPS) 33 Kirienko S.V. 5. Faction "YABLOKO" 21 Yavlinsky G.A. 6. Faction of the LDPR 17 Lebedev I.V. group "Regions of Russia" 40 Morozov O.V. 9. Agro-industrial deputy group 35 Kharitonov N. 10 Deputies not included in registered deputy associations 17

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In total, during the period of the third convocation, 265 regular, extraordinary and additional meetings of the Duma were held, at which a total of about 2,100 bills were considered in different readings. Of the total number of laws adopted in this convocation, the President of the Russian Federation signed 18 federal constitutional laws and over 700 federal laws. Among them are 8 codes of the Russian Federation, part two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation and part three of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The number of federal laws signed by the President includes 156 adopted laws on the ratification of international treaties and agreements. Main results of activity:

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The adopted legislative acts covered almost all aspects of the socio-political life of the country. In the sphere of state structure, federal constitutional laws were adopted: “On the State Emblem of the Russian Federation”; "On the State Flag of the Russian Federation"; "On the National Anthem of the Russian Federation"; "On martial law"; "On the state of emergency"; "On the procedure for admission to the Russian Federation and the formation of a new subject of the Russian Federation in its composition" and others. Other laws adopted by the Duma were aimed at: reducing the administrative burden on the business sector; strengthening the rights of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs; mortgage development; creation of the most favorable conditions for small businesses; formation of a system of guaranteeing deposits of individuals in banks. A significant role in the legislative activity of the Duma was played by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin. The head of state actively used his constitutional right to initiate legislation and introduced a number of key bills to the Duma: on the ratification of strategically important treaties and agreements for Russia; about state symbols; about political parties; on the public service system; about citizenship and a number of others.

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Main results of the activity: The main priority of the activities of the Duma of the fourth convocation was the legislative support of the most important directions of the country's strategic development: economic growth; the fight against poverty; modernization of the defense and security system. Amendments were made to federal constitutional laws: “On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation”; "On the judicial system of the Russian Federation"; "On Arbitration Courts in the Russian Federation". The new edition of the Federal Constitutional Law "On the Referendum of the Russian Federation" was adopted. Another adopted law directly related to ensuring the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens is the Federal Law “On meetings, rallies, demonstrations, processions and picketing”.

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Contribution to the development of parliamentarism During the period of the State Duma of the fifth convocation, modern Russian parliamentarism rose to a new level. At the initiative of the President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev, amendments were made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation that the Government of the Russian Federation submits to the State Duma annual reports on the results of its activities, including on issues raised by the State Duma. In accordance with this constitutional norm, the Representative of the Government of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, in April 2009, for the first time, delivered an annual government report to the deputies and answered their questions. Based on the results of consideration of the annual report of the Government, the State Duma adopts an appropriate resolution. No. Deputy associations Number of deputies Leader 1. UNITED RUSSIA faction 315 Gryzlov B.V. 2. Faction of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation 57 Zyuganov G.A. 3. LDPR faction 40 Lebedev I.V. 4. Faction "Fair Russia" 38 Levichev N.V.,

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Currently, parliamentarism in Russia is developing at all levels of legislative and representative power - federal, regional, local. This is primarily due to the fact that the principle of separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial, and the principle of independence of these authorities, laid down in the modern Russian Constitution, apply to all state authorities in the Russian Federation. Therefore, the legislative bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation can be rightly considered as regional parliaments in modern Russia. In general, the exclusive powers of each regional parliament include the adoption of laws at the regional level. The executive or judicial branches of the regional government have the right, in the manner prescribed by law, to put forward reasonable objections to any law adopted by the regional parliament. The executive and judicial authorities in the regions act on the basis of laws adopted by the federal and regional parliaments, which in itself is a major achievement of modern Russian parliamentarism. MODERN PARLIAMENTARISM AT THE REGIONAL AND LOCAL LEVELS OF POWER IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION