Peter Metropolitan of Kyiv. Name Peter

Saint Peter was born in Galicia-Volhynia in the second half of the 13th century into a family of pious Christians Fedor and Eupraxia, who probably belonged to the boyar class.

At the age of seven, Peter was sent to literacy in a monastery school. He studieddiligently, but at first the letter was not given to him. O trok prayed to God that He would give him the gift of understanding the Scriptures. And once in a dream Peter appeared a man in a hierarchical robe, who said to him: "Open, child, your mouth." When Peter did this, the saint touched his tongue with his hand, and Saint Peter felt that his larynx was filled with something sweet. And from that time on, the blessed youth discovered such talents that he soon outstripped all his peers.

At the age of twelve, Peter retired to a monastery, where he carried out obediences; after the lapse of the prescribed years, for a virtuous life and zealous carrying out of the entrusted obedience, the abbot of the monastery was determined to ordain monk Peter to the rank of hieromonk.
Ascetic in the monastery, he humbly and zealously fulfilled the obediences assigned to him, spent a lot of time praying and reading the Word of God, and studied icon painting. Subsequently, he mastered this art and became a true master. The images he created were distributed among the brethren of the monastery and the pilgrims.
After many years of deeds in the monastery, Hieromonk Peter asks the abbot of the monastery for a blessing to leave the monastery in order to retire to a secluded place to continue the monastic feat. On the banks of the river Rata, he set up a small cell for himself. And soon the place of the secret deed of the future metropolitan became a monastery, where he was elected abbot.
The ascetic abbot became known far beyond the monastery. Often, Prince Yuri Lvovich of Galich would come to the monastery to hear the spiritual instructions of the holy ascetic.

As abbot, he painted an icon of the Mother of God, which was unlike any other; later it was named after the author - Petrovskaya.

Once the monastery was visited by the Metropolitan of Kiev Maxim, who went around the Russian land with a word of teaching and edification. Accepting the hierarch's blessing, hegumen Peter presented the archpastor with an image he had painted Holy Mother of God, before which Saint Maxim prayed until the end of his life for the salvation of the Russian land entrusted to him by God.

When Metropolitan Maxim died, the throne of the Russian metropolitans was not occupied for some time. The Grand Duke of Vladimir, Saint Michael of Tver, sent Hegumen Gerontius to the Patriarch of Constantinople with a request to appoint him to the Russian Metropolis. Gerontius took with him the image of the Mother of God, which was with Metropolitan Maxim.

At the same time, Prince Yuri of Galicia sent Father Superior Peter to Constantinople, wanting the Patriarch to appoint him Metropolitan of Galicia. Gerontius, who was sailing the Black Sea, at night, during a storm, the Mother of God appeared and said: “You work in vain, you will not get the dignity of a saint. The one who wrote Me, Abbot Peter of Rat, will be elevated to the throne of the Russian Metropolia.” The words of the Mother of God were exactly fulfilled: Patriarch Athanasius of Constantinople, with the Council of Bishops, elevated St. Peter to the Russian Metropolis, handing over to him the hierarchal vestments, the baton and the icon brought by Gerontius. Upon his return to Russia in 1308, Metropolitan Peter stayed in Kyiv for a year, and then moved to Vladimir.

The First Hierarch experienced many difficulties in the first years of governing the Russian Metropolis. There was no firm order in the Russian land that suffered under the Tatar yoke, and Saint Peter often had to change places of his stay. Grand Duke Mikhail of Tverskoy, grieved that it was not his man who became the Metropolitan of Russia, was never able to receive Saint Peter, and therefore the Metropolitan could not stay long in Vladimir either. During his constant tours of the dioceses, he tirelessly instructed the people and the clergy about the strict preservation of Christian piety. He called the warring princes to peacefulness and unity.

However, Bishop Andrei of Tver brought an accusation against the saint before the Patriarch. For the trial of Metropolitan Peter in 1311, a council was convened in Pereyaslavl, which was attended by the envoy of the Patriarch, the clergy, princes and boyars. Representatives of Moscow, among whom was the young prince Ivan Danilovich, defended St. Peter especially zealously. The accusations against Metropolitan Peter were recognized as slander. Saint Peter addressed Bishop Andrew with the words: “Peace be with you, child in Christ! Not you, but the primordial envious of the human race - the devil - aroused this battle. Take care in the future so that the worst does not happen to you. God will forgive the past.”.

In 1313, when Uzbek, the first of the khans to convert to Islam, became Khan of the Golden Horde, St. Peter went to the Horde to confirm his powers. He was received there with honor and released with a new label. The former privileges of the clergy were confirmed and a new one was added: all church people in all cases, not excluding criminal ones, were subject to the Metropolitan's court.

Traveling in Rus', St. Peter visits Moscow more and more often. Seven hundred years ago, Moscow was still a small city within the modern Kremlin, but even then it was quite noisy and crowded. The saint needed a place for solitary prayer. Such a place turned out to be the elevated bank of the Neglinnaya River, not far from the Kremlin, where a small village Vysokoye was located among the forests. This place reminded Metropolitan Peter of the monastery on the banks of the Rata River, where he was formerly abbot; a monastery was built here. In it, Metropolitan Peter erected a wooden church in the name of the holy chief apostles Peter– his heavenly patron– and Paul, which is why the monastery was originally called Peter and Paul (this naming of the monastery was found in documents even more than three hundred years after the re-consecration of its main church in honor of St. Peter himself). This is how the history of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery began.

Here, praying for the fate of Rus', Metropolitan Peter is becoming more and more strengthened in the idea of ​​transferring the metropolitan see to Moscow. In 1325 the saint finally moved to this city. The prince built a "vast courtyard" for Metropolitan Peter in the eastern part of the Kremlin. However, the saint still liked to stay at the small monastery he had founded. From the monastery to the Kremlin, a road was laid in the forest, which to this day is called Petrovka.

Saint Peter predicted the liberation from the Tatar yoke and the future rise of Moscow as the center of all Russia.

At the wish and advice of St. Peter Grand Duke Ivan Danilovich Kalita founded in 1326 in Moscow the first stone church in honor of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. " If you listen to me, my son,- said the saint to the Grand Duke, - and you will erect a temple of the Most Holy Theotokos in your city, and you yourself will be glorified more than other princes, and your sons and grandsons in generations and generations, and this city will be glorious throughout Rus', and the saints will live in it, and he will defeat his enemies, and will be glorified God is in it. Also, my bones will be laid in it ”. Construction began on 4 August. The holy metropolitan built himself a stone coffin with his own hands in the altar of this church, near the altar, and wished to see the construction completed, but the Church of the Assumption was consecrated after his death, in 1327, on August 14, on the eve of the patronal feast.

The relocation of St. Peter to Moscow, the construction on his advice of the Assumption Cathedral in the Kremlin, which became not only the burial place of the Primate of the Russian Orthodox Church, but also the main cathedral of Russia reviving after the Tatar invasion, contributed, as the saint predicted, to the unification of the Russian lands around Moscow. Thanks to the fact that St. Peter made Moscow the place of his primatial labors and his repose, it became the spiritual center of Rus' and, in the future, the Russian capital.

From the words of His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow andAll Rus' Cyril after the service inVysoko-Petrovsky MonasterySeptember 6, 2014:« And then something very symbolic happens, which ultimately predetermined the rise of Moscow as the city of the Grand Duke, although at that time it was not such ... When St. Peter was buried near the northern wall of the Assumption Cathedral under construction, it became clear that Moscow was becoming the Mother See. And after St. Peter, all the Kyiv metropolitans of that time– Primates of the Russian Orthodox Church– Moscow was chosen as their place of residence. And therefore, by right, we call them all Metropolitans of Kyiv, Moscow and All Rus'».
According to legend, an angel and Peter announced the day of death to the Metropolitan,“Filled with spiritual joy, he celebrated the Divine Liturgy that day, offered up prayers for Prince John, for all the Christians of the Russian land, for his flock, and commemorated the dead. Arriving from the temple, the saint called the church clergy and gave him the last instruction. Calling then the poor, the wretched and his servants, he gave them abundant alms. St. Peter distributed his other property for his commemoration among the clergy and monks, he devoted a significant part to the construction of the Church of the Assumption of the Most Holy Theotokos.

Prince Ivan Danilovich was then away, and Saint Peter turned to his nobleman Protasius with the words:“My son, here I am departing from this life. I leave mercy, peace and blessing from God to my beloved son, Prince John, and his seed until the age. For the fact that my son reassured me, may the Lord God reward him a hundredfold in this world, may he inherit eternal life, may the succession of owning his place not be taken away from his family, and may his memory spread.

With the onset of evening, the saint began to celebrate Vespers. During the prayer, he turned to Archimandrite Theodore: “Peace be with you, my son, I am dying."

On December 21 (Old Style), 1326, Saint Peter departed to God. His holy body was buried in a stone tomb prepared by him in the Assumption Cathedral.

During the solemn transfer of the relics to the temple, looking at the numerous clergy, prince, nobles, townspeople who accompanied this procession, an unknown Gentile reproachfully expressed doubts about the need to render such honors to a dead person. And as soon as he said this, he saw Saint Peter sitting on a bed, blessing the people on both sides of him. At the same time, three sick people received healing from the relics of the saint.

A few days after the burial of the saint, miracles of healing began to happen at his tomb. So, a young man who did not own his hands from the day of birth was cured. Soon, here, through prayer, hearing returned to the deaf, sight to the blind, and a miracle happened with the hunchback, who received “stretching” (straightening) from the tomb of the Metropolitan. Many other miracles happened to those who came to Metropolitan Peter with prayer. Prince Ivan Danilovich Kalita ordered that a description of the miracles of the saint be drawn up, which was publicly read by Bishop Prokhor of Rostov in Vladimir from the church pulpit during the cathedral service on a holiday. At this time, the Gentile testified about the vision that he had at the burial of the saint.The first Metropolitan of Moscow was locally glorified as a saint within a year after his death. It was an event of extraordinary spiritual significance for the Moscow princes and the entire state.

Many miracles happened through the prayers of the saint of God. Deep veneration of the First Hierarch of the Russian Church from the day of his repose was affirmed and spread throughout the Russian land. Thirteen years later, in 1339, under St. Theognost, he was already canonized by the Council in Constantinople. Thus, St. Peter became the first canonized Moscow saint. At the tomb of the saint, the princes kissed the cross as a sign of loyalty to the Grand Duke of Moscow. As a particularly revered patron of Moscow, the saint was called to witness in the drafting of state treaties. The Novgorodians, who had the right to choose their bishops at Hagia Sophia, after joining Moscow under John III, swore an oath to appoint their archbishops only at the tomb of St. Peter the Wonderworker. At the tomb of the saint, the Russian First Hierarchs were named and elected.

Metropolitan Peter is constantly mentioned in Russian chronicles, not a single significant state undertaking was complete without prayer at the tomb of St. Peter. In 1472 and 1479 the relics of St. Peter were transferred. In memory of these events, celebrations were established on October 5 (18) and August 24 (September 6).

(1596–1647)

Biography

The future Saint Peter (Mogila) was born on December 21, 1596, in Suceava, the third son in a pious family of high-born Moldavian boyars Mogila (in modern Romanian transcription - Movile), who at that time occupied the thrones of the Danube Principalities. At baptism he was named in honor of St. Peter of Moscow, as he was born on the day of his memory. His father Simeon Mogila was in 1600-1602 ruler of Wallachia, and from 1606 until his death in 1607 - ruler of Moldavia. In 1612, the Graves, after their defeat by Kantemir Murza, who took over the reign, had to flee to Poland, where they had strong and wealthy relatives.

He was educated at the Lviv Fraternal School in a strictly Orthodox spirit, hostile to the union. He continued his education by traveling abroad, where he listened to lectures at various universities - in particular, he took a course in verbal sciences and theology at the University of Paris.

He served in the Polish troops and distinguished himself in the battle of Khotyn. However, probably under the influence of the Kyiv Metropolitan Job (Boretsky), he decided to leave military service and take the clergy. Around 1624, he entered the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra to share the fate of Orthodox monks persecuted by the Polish authorities. At that time, many highly educated and active monks gathered here, the translation of patristic books, the compilation and publication of works in defense of Orthodoxy were going on. In such an environment he completed his education.

With the blessing of Metropolitan Job and Archimandrite Lavra Zacharias (Kopystensky), at his own expense, he sent several capable young people abroad to improve in the sciences.

In 1627, after the death of Archimandrite Zakharia, at the insistence of learned monks, he was elected Archimandrite of the Lavra. Under his care, the Church of the Assumption of the Mother of God was renovated, the holy caves were decorated, the ancient Hermitage-Nikolaev Monastery was returned under the control of the Lavra, the Goloseevsky Hermitage was founded, and an almshouse was set up at his expense.

Under his leadership, in 1628, the condemnation of the "Apology" of Meletius (Smotrytsky) took place.

Being nominally directly subordinate to the Patriarch of Constantinople as a stavropegial "great archimandrite," he was beyond the control of the Kyiv Metropolitan. Peter was close with Metropolitan Job (Boretsky) - the latter, dying, left his library to Peter and appointed him as executor. But with his successor, Metropolitan Isaiah (Kopinsky), Peter developed a less trusting relationship - according to some historians, hostile. This opposition, perhaps, was due to the fact that Peter set about founding a new Orthodox educational center in Kyiv, despite the already existing Kiev fraternal school.

Archimandrite Peter put a lot of effort into the foundation of a new higher theological school at the Lavra - the first of its kind in the East Slavic lands. Upon the return of the young men sent abroad, he made them teachers, and also took scientists from the Lviv Brotherhood. He organized the first hostel for poor students in the Lavra, giving several villages from his estate and Lavra volosts to maintain the school. A new school "for the teaching of liberal sciences in Greek, Slavic and Latin" opened in 1631. Soon, when the Kyiv brothers recognized him as the guardian and guardian of their school and subordinated it exclusively to the authority of the Patriarch of Constantinople, Peter united his Lavra school with the fraternal school. This work was blessed by Patriarch Kirill (Lukar) of Constantinople, Metropolitan Isaiah (Kopinsky-Borisovich) of Kiev, and was approved in writing by the Orthodox bishops and the noblest clergy and the Lavra brotherhood.

By that time, the Polish heir to the throne, Prince Vladislav, showed himself ready to give the Orthodox the right to legal existence, having developed a corresponding bill in the Sejm commission. Archimandrite Peter, who was then in Warsaw, wrote from there to all the Russians, so that they would not agree to accept the conditions set forth in the draft, and urged them to use the elected Sejm to achieve full satisfaction of the requirements. When the Sejm came, at which Vladislav was elected king on November 8, 1632, new conditions for the legalization of Orthodoxy were adopted, according to which, for the first time after the conclusion of the Union of Brest in the Commonwealth, the existence of the Orthodox Metropolis of Kiev and four dioceses was solemnly recognized at the state level. One of the conditions for the legalization of the Orthodox Church was the dismissal of many previously elected bishops and the selection of new ones. At the same time, at the Diet, Metropolitan Isaiah was declared defrocked, and the Orthodox delegates elected Peter (Mohyla) as the new metropolitan, with the preservation of the Lavra archimandrite for him. This was done in the context of a new war with the Moscow state, in which Vladislav needed the support of the Orthodox Russian population of the Commonwealth, and the former Orthodox hierarchy, which had endured the hardships of persecution against Orthodoxy in the Commonwealth, leaned towards the Russian Orthodox Church and Moscow. In addition, Archimandrite Peter made it clear to the Orthodox Sejm delegates that the struggle against the Uniates is now only flaring up, and the decrepit Metropolitan Isaiah will not be able to wage it energetically enough.

Right there at the Diet, already as an elected metropolitan, Peter began to intercede for the transformation of the Fraternal Epiphany School he had established into an academy. The Roman Catholic and Uniate clergy, as well as some of the most distinguished members of the Seim, strongly opposed this. But the king did not dare to antagonize the Orthodox and, at the persevering petition of Peter, gave him the privilege, where instead of the academy, the school was named collegiums with an extensive course of theology and philosophy.

The removal of Metropolitan Isaiah was legalized by the Church by the fact that Patriarch Kirill (Lukar) of Constantinople sent an archpastoral blessing to the Metropolis to the elected Bishop Peter. However, among the Orthodox, there were also supporters of the distant Metropolitan Isaiah, who accused Peter of personal ambition. Therefore, Peter arranged his consecration not in Kyiv, but in Lvov. Here on St. Thomas Week on April 28, 1633, he was consecrated bishop with the elevation to the rank of Metropolitan of Kyiv and Galicia, and the former Metropolitan Isaiah was "degraded." The ordination was led by the Bishop of Lvov, using the powers of the Exarch of the Patriarch of Constantinople. Then the newly appointed metropolitan went to Kyiv, where he was greeted at the entrance with two well-known panegyrics - from the Lavra brethren and the fraternal school. Upon entering Kiev, he had to forbid and depose the priests who stood for Isaiah, and the former metropolitan himself was forcibly transported to the Lavra.

Upon accession to the metropolitan throne, he began to organize the Kyiv Collegium, which invariably enjoyed his special attention and received the name Mohyla in his honor. She was completely arranged and provided for, although she suffered harassment from the Kyiv governor. The Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium became the first institution of higher education in the East Slavic lands. In order to oppose modern Roman Catholic learning on the same level, Metropolitan Peter borrowed the entire system of the new school from Latin Polish models, which he thus instilled in the South Russian Orthodox environment. Subsequently, the metropolitan also opened a lower school in Vinnitsa.

Returned and restored a number of ancient Kyiv shrines. He returned the St. Sophia Cathedral and the Vydubitsky Monastery, which were previously captured by the Uniates. He restored and arranged the Church of the Savior on Berestovo and the Church of the Three Hierarchs - the latter he gave to the Fraternal Master. In 1635, the remains of the Church of the Tithes were dug up and cleared of ruins, under the ruins of which the relics of Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir were found. Metropolitan Peter planted a linden tree near the ruins in the same year. Funds for the restoration of churches and monasteries came from the Lavra, from the personal property of the Metropolitan, from the donations of pious people, from the grants of the Moscow Tsar.

He paid great attention to the publication of church books, and demanded that no books be printed without comparing them with Greek originals. The Missal, the Colored Triodion and the Missal with important instructions for the clergy were significantly revised, supplemented and published. Divine services under the Metropolitan began to be performed especially solemnly and magnificently. Metropolitan Peter actively introduced and restored Greek prayers and rites in the Slavic environment. In his Trebnik, for example, the prayer of St. Sophrony of Jerusalem for the Great Blessing of Water is introduced, in his Lenten Triodion, for the first time in the Slavic world, a complete Synodik appeared on the Week of Orthodoxy - one of the most significant doctrinal documents of the Orthodox Church. However, at the same time, under Roman Catholic influence, a number of rites new to the Orthodox Church were introduced, the most notable of which are Lenten passions in remembrance of the Passion of Christ and the reprimand introduced into the Rib Book. Wherein

Under Vladyka Peter, the Righteous Juliana, Princess Olshanskaya, was glorified. He made efforts for the general church glorification of the Saints of the Caves, with him the Paterik of the Caves was compiled.

Among the numerous theological works of Metropolitan Peter, a special place was occupied by the defense of the Orthodox from accusations of Protestantism and the expression of the correct teaching in catechetical form. The appearance in 1629 of the Calvinist "Confession of Faith" under the name of Patriarch Kirill (Lukar) of Constantinople caused confusion in the Orthodox community, aggravated the polemic of Roman Catholics against Orthodoxy, and prompted Metropolitan Peter to answer. A special occasion was the denunciation of the work of an apostate from Orthodoxy, Kassian Sakovich, who accused Orthodoxy of assimilating reformist opinions. In response to this slander, Metropolitan Peter took an active part in compiling the accusatory collection "Λίθος, or the Stone", as well as in preparing a religious treatise - the so-called. "Confessions of Peter the Grave" (see more).

In 1640, Metropolitan Peter gathered in the Local Council in Kyiv, at which the work of Sakovich was refuted and, after some corrections, the prepared Orthodox confession of faith was adopted. At the Council of Jassy in 1642, this confession was further corrected and sent for translation and verification to the eastern patriarchs. In 1645, the metropolitan published one of the editions of the Confession in Kyiv, after which a number of new editions appeared in different languages ​​and became widely circulated as an important doctrinal document of the Orthodox Church.

Metropolitan Peter was fluent in Latin and Greek. He led a strictly ascetic life. He was in awe of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra and considered it a place of the special presence of God.

Before his death, he bequeathed to the Kyiv Collegium his library, the real estate acquired for it and a significant amount of money, and he obliged her mentors to live by his rules and make a commemoration of him every Thursday. He bequeathed a lot to the Lavra and other monasteries and churches that he erected from the ruins. He died on December 31, 1646, on the night of 1647. According to the will, he was buried in the crypt of the Great Assumption Church of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, under the left kliros in the middle part of the temple.

The body of Metropolitan Peter rested at the burial place until the Second World War. In November 1941, the Great Lavra Church was blown up, and the explosives were planted right next to the burial place of the saint. The coffin with the remains was completely destroyed, only silver plates with the family coat of arms and an epitaph were preserved, which were found in 1982 during excavations by an archaeological expedition led by V. Kharlamov.

Troparion, tone 4

Like a hardworking gardener, thou wast to the Holy Hierarch Father Peter the God-wise, with your teachings you fertilized our whole land, with the prayers of the saints of the Caves we strengthen forever. The same, standing with them to the Throne of the King of Glory, praying to your hedgehog flock from the wickedness of the wise, protect this city and our country from all troubles, give people peace and great mercy.

Kontakion, tone 2

The zealot of the piety and dogmas of the fathers, the luminary of the Metropolis of Kiev, the holy hierarch Father Peter, the associate of the Monk Job in the protection of the Orthodox Church, has truly appeared. And against the machinations of the devil fearlessly armed thou. In the same way, and now do not be silent for us to pray to the Lord, in a hedgehog to be saved to our souls.

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Among a large number of saints, there are those whom Russians especially revere. These include Peter of Moscow. It is believed that he is the patron of the capital of Russia and the entire territory of the country. Many interesting facts are connected with the years of the life of the saint, as well as after it.

The life of St. Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow, is based on the information that has come down to us from all sorts of handwritten sources. His birth is attributed to 1260 in the family of the boyar Theodore and Evpraksia in Volyn. Just before the birth of his mother, there was a vision that he belonged to the Lord. Her dream was that there was a lamb in her arms, which had a tree with flowers and leaves between its horns. Candles burned between them and a fragrance emanated.

When the boy was 7 years old, he was sent to learn to read and write. But it was very difficult for him. From birth, he was not legible in speech and tongue-tied. Father and mother constantly asked the Lord to help in solving the problem, and their requests were heard. After giving the gift of knowledge, he greatly excelled in the study of the Scriptures of all his peers.

From the age of 12, he began to actively show interest in the life of a monk, therefore he enters a monastery in Volyn. He considers John of the Ladder to be his mentor and leader, whose sacred texts and recommendations he follows. He was always the first to arrive and the last to leave. Never stood while leaning against the wall. With such a zealous attitude towards religion, he was initially awarded the diaconal rank, and later the presbytery.

Icon painting was considered one of his talents. Some Orthodox images of his hand have survived to this day. After some time, Peter asked for a blessing and retired to a deserted place not far from the tributary of the Bug, where he later founded a temple in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord. A little later, he immediately founded the Novodvorskaya monastery. After the death of the then Metropolitan, Peter was given the rank not only of Galicia, but of all Rus'.

At the beginning of the 14th century, a petition was sent to him from John Kalita. He advised to transfer the metropolitan see to Moscow from Vladimir. He died in the 20s during the evening service. Many miracles also happened after he passed away.

What do they pray to the Metropolitan of Moscow

There is a lot of information that when petitioning before the icon of St. Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow, even the most daring requests can come true. Those who expressed their petitions noted the special help in solving health problems. But besides this, you can ask him about:

• getting rid of troubles and ailments;
• solving everyday problem situations;
• finding a way out in difficult situations and choices, etc.

The appeal of prayers in front of his holy face can relieve not only physical discomfort from an illness, but also improve mental state in many ways and find balance.

holy relics

During the transfer of the relics of St. Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow to the temple, there were many nobles and other clergy. At that moment, one of the Gentiles began to speak out that it was not right to give such honors to the deceased. But he did not finish thinking about it, as he could see Peter sitting on the bed, blessing the people on both sides. He himself testified to this incident with an oath. In 1339 he was canonized as a saint.

There are many references to a large number of sovereign affairs could not do without prayer to him. At his tomb, the naming and election of the Russian First Hierarchs took place.

The relics are kept to this day in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. There are also some of them in the Veliko-Petrovsky Monastery in Moscow. It is also important that the spirit of the saint appeared to the wife of Ivan the Terrible and forbade her to open her coffin. After that, they sealed it and forbade anyone to open it. There are also certain days of remembrance. They land on:

• January 3;
• 6 September;
• October 18;
• October 23.

Temple in honor of the saint

Among the most famous buildings of this saint is the Church of Peter the Metropolitan of Moscow in St. Petersburg. Finding it is not difficult at the intersection of Romenskaya and Dnepropetrovsk streets. It belongs to the St. Petersburg diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. It was built in 1911-1912 on the territory of the Holy Trinity Tvorozhkovsky Convent.

For a long time after the revolutions, the monastery was buried, and all valuables were taken out of it. Then the buildings were transferred to the plant, and the structures were dismantled, the buildings were rebuilt, the interior decoration was destroyed. And only in 1994 it was again returned to the complex of the diocese's compound. Since then, reconstruction work has been carried out there to return to its previous state. Thanks to the donations of caring people and parishioners, the achievement of the goal is gradually achieved. You can find more information about him on the Internet at the parish website.

Prayers to the Holy Metropolitan

Remember that regardless of whether you will pray to Peter the Metropolitan of Moscow or simply in your own words, it is important that they come from a pure heart. Only sincere requests from the bottom of the heart can work miracles.

“O great saint, glorious miracle worker, the Russian Church of the Mother of God, the guardian of the city of Moscow and for all of us, an zealous prayer book, our Father Peter! We humbly fall down to you and pray: stretch out your hands to the Lord God and pray for us, His sinful and unworthy servants, may He grant us His mercy and send us all that is good for our temporary life and our eternal salvation, the gifts of His goodness, and most of all, He will protect us with peace, brotherly love, piety from all the temptations of the enemy the devil and grants us to be your faithful child, not only by name, but also by our whole life. We pray to you, the saint of Christ, save the city of Moscow and its people through your intercession in heaven. Hey, God's servant! Hear us kindly and be an assistant and intercessor to all of us in all troubles and misfortunes, do not forget us even at the hour of our death, when we demand your intercession, and with the help of the prayers of your saints, we, sinners, will also be able to receive a good end and the Kingdom of Heaven inherit, glorifying the marvelous in His saints, our God, the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Amen."

If you find it difficult to remember, then write on a piece of paper and read it. If all recommendations are followed, it will help to cure a large number of all sorts of ailments.

Troparion

Another strong text is the troparion to St. Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow.

Troparion, tone 4:
Even before the barren earth, now rejoice: behold, Christ is a lamp in you showing, shining in the world, and healing our ailments and diseases. For his sake, rejoice and rejoice with boldness: for the saint is the Highest, this worker.

Another troparion, tone 8:
Rejoice in the light of the most blessed city of Moscow, having in yourself Bishop Peter, like the dawn of the sun, illuminating all of Russia with miracles: he heals that weakness, and drives away ailments like darkness from those who cry out to him: rejoice, hierarch of God the Most High, who is doing this to your flock.

Kontakion, tone 8:
Chosen and marvelous wonderworker of our land, today we flow to you with love, weaving the god-bearing song: as if having boldness to the Lord, deliver us from diverse circumstances, let us call you: rejoice at the affirmation of our city.

But do not forget that the gift of God's grace will descend on us if we do not forget that it is worth not only constantly asking for something, but also thanking the higher powers for what we already have.

God bless you!

You will also be interested in watching a video story about the Holy Metropolitan Peter of Moscow:

The life of Metropolitan Peter of Kyiv is not rich in biographical data. We only learn that he was born in Volhynia, and was given to book studies for seven years; at first he studied poorly, and then, after one wonderful vision in a dream, he began to make extraordinary progress. At the age of twelve he entered a monastery, where he learned the art of icon painting. Then Peter retired to a deserted place, founded his own monastery and became its abbot. Princes and nobles soon began to give him special honor.

Metropolitan Maxim, who died in 1305, was buried in Vladimir on the Klyazma, where he moved from the weakened Kyiv in 1299. After his death, a certain abbot Gerontius took possession of the metropolitan see with the consent of Grand Duke Mikhail Yaroslavich. He went to Tsargrad to be appointed metropolitan. At the same time, Yuri Lvovich, Prince of Galich and Volhynia, after the death of Maxim, conceived the idea of ​​establishing a special Galicia-Volhynia metropolis. In 1302 or 1303 Constantinople agreed to raise the Galician bishopric to the rank of metropolia. The first Galician metropolitan was Nifont. He died almost simultaneously with Metropolitan Maxim, and Yuri Lvovich sent the respected hegumen Peter to Constantinople to Patriarch Athanasius to be ordained as the successor of Nifont. Gerontius, who had left North-Eastern Rus', was detained by opposite winds at sea, and Peter arrived in Constantinople earlier than him. Patriarch Athanasius ordained Peter, giving him the usual title of Metropolitan of "Kyiv and All Rus'". When Gerontius then arrived, the patriarch took from him all the sacred utensils of archpastoral dignity and handed them over to Peter (1308). The newly appointed Metropolitan Peter at first stayed in Kyiv, but then, following the example of Maxim, he approved his stay in Vladimir-on-Klyazma (from 1309). From here he made laborious wanderings in the Russian regions to arrange church order, and he tried to restrain the restless princes from their strife over the volosts.

Metropolitan Peter. 15th century icon

In northern Rus', part of the clergy, apparently, was dissatisfied with the elevation of the Galician candidate to the metropolitan throne. His main opponent was Bishop Andrei of Tver, the son of the Polotsk-Lithuanian prince Gerden, who, apparently, on the basis of his noble origin, expected to occupy the metropolitan see himself. Some important denunciation of Peter was sent to the Byzantine patriarch. Behind all these intrigues was Mikhail of Tver, dissatisfied with the fact that his former candidate Gerontius was rejected in Constantinople. The patriarch sent a learned clergyman to discuss Peter's case with the Russian clergy. A church council was held in Pereyaslavl-Zalessky (1310 or 1311). When the indictment was read, and debate and noise arose, Peter offered to voluntarily lay down his rank. But the matter ended with the denunciation of the slanderers, and Peter said to Andrey Gerdenevich: "Peace be in Christ, child, you did not do this, but the original envious of the human race, the devil." In connection with this council, there was also a denunciation of a new heresy, the instigator of which was one Novgorod archpriest: he taught about the death of the earthly paradise and blasphemed monasticism, so that, carried away by him, many monks left the monastery and entered into marriage. The princes of Tver, Dmitry and Alexander, and the brother of Yuri of Moscow, Ivan Kalita, who was then sitting in the Pereyaslavsky appanage, were present at the Pereyaslavsky cathedral. By all indications, he took the side of the metropolitan, and at the head of the opponents of the latter was the bishop of Tver, supported by his prince. Most likely, Peter's friendship with Ivan Kalita began here, which subsequently helped the rise of Moscow so much. When the Grand Duke Mikhail Yaroslavich soon decided to take Nizhny Novgorod from the descendants of Andrei Gorodetsky, Metropolitan Peter imposed a church ban on the further campaign. Dmitry Mikhailovich barely got the metropolitan to "allow" him and return home without success (1311?).

In subsequent years, Metropolitan Peter became closer and closer to the Moscow princes. Already at the beginning of the reign of Ivan Kalita (1325-1341), even before the final triumph of Moscow over Tver, the center of the Russian metropolis moved from Vladimir to Moscow. The stay of the metropolitan in Moscow greatly raised the significance of this city, informing her of the importance of the church capital not only of Northern, but also of Southern and Western Rus'.

Metropolitan Peter. Icon by Dionysius, 1480s

Formal there was no actual resettlement; it’s just that during his tours of the Russian regions, Metropolitan Peter returned to Vladimir less and less often, he stayed longer and longer in Moscow. When he reached old age, he began to think about where his bones would be laid. His predecessor Maxim was buried in the Vladimir Assumption Cathedral. If Peter wanted to establish a metropolis in Moscow, then it was necessary to take care of building a worthy cathedral church in it, in which he could find peace. According to his life, Metropolitan Peter began to ask Ivan Kalita (who had not yet received a label for a great reign) to erect in Moscow the same stone cathedral in the name of the Assumption of the Virgin, which was in Vladimir. Metropolitan Cyprian, at the same time, puts into the mouth of Peter the following prophecy: “If, son, you listen to me, then you yourself will be glorified more than all the princes, and your whole family, and this city will be exalted over all Russian cities; the saints will dwell in him, and his hands will rise up on the splashing of his enemies. Kalita laid the stone Assumption Church in the Moscow Kremlin in the summer of 1326. As soon as the foundation was raised, and as soon as Metropolitan Peter had time to prepare a niche in the wall with a tomb for himself, he died in December of the same year and was buried in this tomb. The following year, the Assumption Church was completed, although it could not be compared with the creation of either its size or decorations.

Metropolitan Peter is the first of a series of great Moscow saints and miracle workers.

Saint Peter was born in Volhynia. At the age of 12 he entered the monastery, was a good icon painter. Peter retired for a hermit life on the river Rata. Soon followers gathered around him and a monastery arose, called Novodvorsky. Prince Yuri Lvovich of Galicia greatly revered the future saint and sent him to the Patriarch of Constantinople to make Peter Metropolitan of Galicia. But Peter returned from the trip with the louder title of Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Rus'. At that time, Metropolitan Maxim of Kiev died, and the Patriarch of Constantinople considered Peter worthy to occupy the main Russian cathedra.

Saint Peter lived in a difficult for Rus' era of the Tatar-Mongol yoke and internecine strife. At the invitation of the Moscow Prince Ivan Kalita, in 1325 he transferred his see to Moscow, and since then the Russian metropolitans have been in this city. This marked the rise of Moscow as the center of the Russian lands. Saint Peter was canonized only 13 years after his death, many miracles took place near his tomb. It was also customary to take state oaths and oaths at his relics.

Interesting facts about Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow

On the advice of St. Peter, Prince Ivan Kalita built . The saint made himself a tomb in the wall of the temple with his own hands.

The life of St. Peter says that Peter's mother, the pious Eupraxia, was informed in a vision about her son's chosen by God even before his birth.