The St. George Ribbon is an integral part of the Order of St. George, an award established by Empress Catherine II to recognize her officers for their merits on the battlefield and length of service in military ranks. The most famous commanders of the Russian Empire, Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov and Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov, had the honor to wear it on their chests.

From the Russian Empire to the Russian Federation

What the colors of the St. George ribbon symbolize is not exactly known. There are different versions. Count Litta wrote in 1833 that, according to Catherine II, the ribbon connects the color of gunpowder and fire. The Russian officer S. Andolenko, who compiled the most complete collection of drawings and descriptions of the regimental badges of the Russian army, does not agree with this opinion. According to him, these colors have been state colors since the time when the double-headed eagle on a golden background became the Russian national emblem.

History of the Order of St. George and the St. George Ribbon

• 1769 - Catherine II established the Order of St. George. It was supposed to be worn on a special ribbon with two yellow and three black stripes.
• 1770 - Commander P.A. Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky became the first holder of the Order of St. George, I degree.
• 1782 - For the Order of St. George, a special house was granted, where the Office of the Order, its archive, seal and goat were located.
• 1782 - The Order Duma was established with the right to consider submissions for awarding the Order of the III and IV degrees.
• 1806 - Introduced premium St. George's banners. The St. George's cross was placed in the pommel, and under the pommel - the St. George ribbon with tassels. For reference: the pommel is an element of the banner at the top of the pole (the pole on which the banner is attached).
• 1807 - The St. George Cross was established for soldiers and non-commissioned officers (only officers were awarded the Order of St. George).
• 1812 - M. I. Kutuzov became the first holder of all four degrees of the Order of St. George.
• 1833 - A new statute of the Order of St. George was approved with a detailed listing of the distinctions for which it can be awarded.
• 1849 - The names of the Knights of St. George began to be marked on marble plaques in the St. George Hall of the Kremlin.
• 1855 - By order of Alexander II, the Order of St. George began to be awarded exclusively for military merit (previously it was also awarded for length of service).
• 1855 - Lanyards (a loop with a brush on a sword or saber) of St. George's colors appeared on premium officer's weapons.
• 1857 - The rule was canceled, according to which, upon receiving the senior degree of the Order, the junior one was handed over to the Chapter of Orders.
• 1917 - After the October Revolution, the Order and the St. George Cross were abolished. But in parts of the White Army, they were awarded until 1920.
• 1943 - The Order of Glory was established, the colors of the ribbon of which almost completely repeated the colors of the St. George ribbon.
• 1945 - The medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" was established. It was also supposed to be worn on a ribbon of St. George's flowers.
• 1992 - The Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation restored the Order and the St. George Cross.
• 2000 - By decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the statute of the restored Order was approved.
• 2008 -The first awards of the Order of St. George have passed since its restoration. Members of the operation "Forcing Georgia to Peace" became holders of the Order.

Order of St. George, 1st class and Star

1 Pommel - an element of the banner at the top of the pole (the pole on which the cloth is attached)
2 Lanyard - a loop with a brush on a sword or saber

In recent years, during the May holidays, the St. George Ribbon campaign has gained wide popularity. Needless to say, this is in some way an introduction to the memory of the dead and, ultimately, a victory over Nazi Germany. It is worth remembering this before hanging this commemorative sign anywhere.

Olga Tunik
Conversation with children of senior preschool age "History and meaning of St. George's Ribbon"

Target:

introduce preschoolers with the history and meaning of St. George's Ribbon;

Cultivate feelings of patriotism;

Develop a sense of pride for the motherland.

The meaning and history of the St. George ribbon.

George Ribbon is one of the most recognizable symbols of Russian reality in recent years. This ribbon black and orange color is one of the main attributes of the Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War (WWII)- one of the most respected holidays in our country. Unfortunately, few of those who tie St. George ribbon on her clothes or hooks her on a car, knows that she really means.

St. George ribbon is a ribbon, consisting of two colors (orange and black, which in pre-revolutionary Russia relied on several awards dedicated to the saint George the Victorious. To them treated: George Cross, Georgievskaya medal and order of the saint George.

In addition, since about the 18th century, St. George Ribbon actively used in the Russian heraldry: ribbon used as an element St. George banners(standards, it was worn on uniforms by servicemen of especially distinguished units, St. George Ribbon was on capless sailors of the Guards crew and sailors of ships awarded St. George banners.

Originally St. George's Ribbon It was made of silk and decorated with stripes of black and yellow colors - as provided for in the statute of the order of 1769. But if you look at the samples of those ancient years that have come down to us, you can see that even then the yellow color on them clearly gravitated towards orange, which would be officially approved only in 1913.

What means black and yellow? In Russia, they were the colors of the imperial, state, corresponded to the black double-headed eagle and the yellow field of the state emblem. It was this symbolism, apparently, that Empress Catherine II adhered to, approving the colors ribbons. But, since the order was named after St. George the Victorious, colors ribbons, perhaps symbolize the Saint himself George and denote his martyrdom - three black stripes, and miraculous resurrection - two orange stripes. It is these colors that are now called with the designation of the colors of the St. George ribbon.

In the middle of the 18th century, Empress Catherine the Great established a new award - the Order of St. George, which was granted to officers and generals for their merits in the military field.

To this order relied ribbon, which in honor of the order was named Georgievskaya.

During the existence of the black-orange st george ribbons, from the moment of its appearance in 1769 until 1917, it was an indispensable attribute of various awards of the Russian Empire awarded for military courage. Gold officer's crosses, lanyards of gold weapons, insignia, medals, as well as collective - silver trumpets, banners, standards. Thus, in the award system of Russia, a whole system of military incentives was formed, among which George Ribbon was a kind of connecting link of all of them into a single whole, being a symbol of military prowess and glory. After the devastating defeats of the initial period of the Great Patriotic War, the leadership of the USSR desperately needed symbols that could unite the people and raise morale at the front. The Red Army had very few military awards and insignia of military prowess. This is where it came in handy St. George Ribbon.

They did not completely repeat the design and name in the USSR. Soviet tape is named"Guards", its appearance was also somewhat changed.

At the end of 1943, a new award was established in the USSR - the Order of Glory. He had three degrees and was issued to soldiers and junior officers. In fact, the concept of this award largely repeated the royal George Cross. The block of the Order of Glory was covered with Guards tape.

This same ribbon used in a medal "For victory over Germany", which was awarded to almost all servicemen who fought on the Western fronts. After the victory in the Second World War, about 15 million people were awarded this medal, which was approximately 10% of the entire population of the USSR.

For the first time, a public action called « George Ribbon» was held in 2005 in honor of the sixtieth anniversary of the victory over fascism. On the eve of the May holidays George Ribbons began to distribute for free right on the streets of Russian cities, in stores and government agencies. People hang them on clothes, bags, car antennas.

George Ribbon- a symbol of military glory, courage, courage, a symbol of Victory, - in recent years has become a symbol of memory of the great history and its characters.

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More recently, the St. George ribbon in our city was not available, it was given out somewhere before the Victory Day holiday, but I never got there. Well, Moscow friends did not forget and regularly supplied it.

Now, wherever you go, everywhere they lie almost like mountains - I don’t want to take it. Of course, this somewhat reduces its weight and significance for a Russian person, but it’s always like that with us - sometimes thick, sometimes empty.

It is worth remembering where and when it appeared, what it symbolizes and what it meant for the inhabitants of that vast country that was once called the Russian Empire, then the USSR, and now the Russian Federation. At the same time, we must take into account all those who have not forgotten our common homeland, even if they ended up in the far or near, as they say now, abroad.

Obviously, the St. George ribbon is associated with the name of one of our most revered saints - George the Victorious. Let me briefly remind you of who the future saint was. According to his life, he was born in the 3rd century into a Christian family in Cappadocia (or moved there in early childhood from Palestine - it is not known). But it is known that his father was tortured for professing Christianity in Cappadocia.

Already in his youth, George had an extraordinary mind, courage and physical strength, which allowed him to become one of the thousands in the army of Diocletian and the favorite of the emperor. After the death of his mother, he received a large inheritance. It would seem that a person needs everything, he had everything, but then the persecution of Christians began, he distributed all his wealth to the poor and directly to the face of the emperor declared that he was a Christian. He was arrested and, after eight days of cruel torture, he was beheaded.

I will not now talk about all the miracles that happened during the torture, those who wish can read all this in the Life of St. George. I will cite only one thing - the wife of Emperor Alexander, struck by the miracles she saw, was converted, for which she, too, was beheaded along with St. George right there in the dungeon.

In Rus', St. George has always been revered as the patron saint of warriors, farmers and cattle breeders, that is, if you estimate, the vast majority of the country's population. Considering all this, when it became necessary to mark the soldiers who distinguished themselves in battles, Catherine the Great on November 26, 1769, during the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774, established the St. courageous deeds or wise advice.

In addition, the ribbon was supplemented with the motto "For Service and Courage", as well as a white equilateral cross or a four-pointed gold star. At the same time, a rather large life content was attached to it. The ribbon is described as follows: "Silk ribbon with three black and two yellow stripes."

In 1913, the status of the ribbon changed slightly: "Ribbon of three black and two orange stripes, worn over the right shoulder." The colors of the tape were read as follows: black - smoke, orange - flame. Curious in this sense are the notes of the Chief Chamberlain Count Litt, who noted that "the immortal legislator, who established this order, believed that his ribbon connects the color of gunpowder and the color of fire."

However, among connoisseurs of heraldry there is an opinion that both of these colors only correspond to the colors of the state emblem of the Russian Empire - a black eagle on a golden background. Well, it's up to anyone.

In addition to the ribbon itself and the distinctive sign to it, over the next one hundred and fifty years of the existence of the Empire, other orders, medals and ribbons with its colors were established: the Order of St. George of the 4th degree - as the highest military award in the country, the Insignia of the military order - as a sign for the lower ranks, and, in fact, the St. George Cross of 4 degrees.

The insignia was established on February 13, 1807 by Alexander I as "an award for the lower military ranks for undaunted courage." This sign was worn on a ribbon of the same colors as the Order of St. George.

In 1856, four degrees of this sign were introduced. Since 1913, it has turned into a soldier's St. George's Cross. Probably, it would not be superfluous to say that over the 57 years that the Badge of Distinction of the Military Order existed, almost 2 thousand people became holders of all four degrees, that is, its full holders.

This figure, like nothing else, is the best proof that Russia had to fight almost non-stop.

So here's a little more about the two-color ribbon. It was worn on their peakless cap by all the sailors of the crews of the ships awarded the St. George flag and received the honorary title - "Guards".

After the revolution of 1917, the ribbon was forgotten, and, apparently, an important role in this was played by the fact that the ribbon was actively continued to be used in the White Army.

In the early days of the Great Patriotic War, it would seem, there was no time for awards, but it was during this period that many soldiers and commanders of the Red Army were awarded orders and medals. True, the choice was small - only 3 orders and 3 medals. There is an urgent need for new insignia of military prowess.

Here, first of all, they remembered the St. George ribbon. They called it the "Guards Ribbon" and decorated it with the badge "Naval Guard", as well as sailor caps. It happened on June 10, 1942. It was among the first new awards in the Soviet Union and fully corresponded to the pre-revolutionary St. George's Ribbon both in appearance and in status.

The image of the guards ribbon was also on the banners of the guards units. On November 8, 1943, the Order of Glory of 3 degrees was established, the block of which was made in the form of a guards ribbon. Later it was also used in the block of the medal "For the Victory over Germany".

The St. George Ribbon campaign began in 2005. The ribbon is distributed to everyone for free. It is attached to clothes, bags and car antennas as a sign of memory and respect for the feat of the victorious Soviet people.

The organizers of this action note that its main goal was “the desire at all costs not to let the new generations forget who and at what cost won the most terrible war of the last century, whose heirs we remain, what and whom we should be proud of, about whom remember".

The motto of the action is "I remember, I'm proud." The ribbon is currently distributed in over 30 countries, and over 50 million ribbons have been distributed this year.

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One of the most dear to the heart and recognizable symbols of modern Russian reality is the St. George ribbon. It is rightly considered the most significant attribute Great Victory in the Patriotic War of 1941-45

At the same time, not everyone who wears such a ribbon on clothes, a bag or places it on the windshield of their car knows about the great history of this symbol. St. George ribbon traditionally consists of two colors: black and orange. This color scheme is symbolic of dark smoke or gunpowder and bright flames. Historically, it was attached to three awards of the Russian Empire dedicated to George the Victorious. We are talking about the historical Order of St. George, as well as the St. George Cross and a medal. Along with this, from the period of the 18th century, the St. George ribbon began to be widely used in state heraldry. She became an element of St. George's standards (banners), she was introduced as elements of uniforms. The ribbon adorned the uniforms and peakless caps of the servicemen of pre-revolutionary Russia who especially distinguished themselves in battles.

How did the history of the St. George Ribbon begin?

It should be noted that as early as the beginning of the 18th century, orange (or yellow) and black, along with white, began to be considered the state colors of the heraldry of the Russian Empire. All this color scheme was on the state emblem of Russia. In the middle of the century, in 1769, the Empress of the Russian state Catherine II established the highest order of St. George. This happened during the Russian-Turkish war. The award was a special symbol of encouraging courage, loyalty and prudence in the name of the great Russian Empire. A ribbon was attached to this order, which since then has become known as St. George's. Government documents specified that three stripes should be black and two should be yellow. But in reality it was more of an orange color.

At the beginning of the next century, in 1807, another award was issued, known to contemporaries as the St. George Cross. And a little over 100 years later, in 1913, the St. George medal was established. All these signs of military prowess were worn with the St. George ribbon. Moreover, in some situations, it was considered an analogue of the award received. If the holder of an order, cross or medal, for one reason or another, did not manage to receive an immediate award, then it was officially replaced by a ribbon. In general, this symbol existed and was actively used in the Russian Empire until the moment of the 1917 revolution. The Bolshevik Party abolished all previous royal awards. However, this attribute continued to live as a premium element of the White movement. Even after the end of the civil war, this symbol did not cease its actual existence, but had a “second birth”.

WWII Guards Ribbon

Everyone knows how difficult the first months and years of the Patriotic War of 1941-45 were for the Red Army. The leadership of the Soviet Union needed iconic symbols that could raise morale and contribute to the onset of a turning point in the terrible war with Nazi Germany and its allies. In those days, there were still few Soviet military awards. And at that moment, the heroic St. George ribbon came in very handy. Based on ideological considerations, the leadership of the USSR could not duplicate the name and the absolute similarity of the design. Therefore, the Soviet tape received the name "Guards" and somewhat changed in appearance. However, visual differences were not fundamental. At the beginning, in 1941, an honorary title appeared in the current award system that distinguishes the “Guards Combat Unit”, and in 1942 the official badges “Guards” and “Naval Guards” were established. The Order of Glory, which appeared at the end of the turning point in 1943, was identical in concept and essence to the St. George Cross of the Russian Empire. The block of the most significant Soviet order was now covered with an updated Guards Ribbon.

But the most significant stage in the revival of the heroic ribbon was the medal awarded for the victory over Nazi Germany. Almost 15 million people who fought in the western direction received it. At that time, this was at least 10% of the population of the entire Soviet Union. Thus, it is not at all surprising that the ever-living black-and-orange ribbon has become a true symbol of the heroic Victory both for the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War and for all subsequent generations who keep the eternal memory of the feat of the defenders of the Fatherland.

New Russia

Victory Day still remains one of the most memorable holidays in modern reality. So, the heroic ribbon continues its life. In 1992, already in the Russian Federation, the status of the St. George ribbon on the historical Order of St. George was officially restored. Starting from the period of 2005, on the date of the 60th anniversary of the Victory over fascism and its allies, an action began on the mass patriotic promotion of the heroic tape. It was recognized as the main symbol of the Great Victory in the Second World War at the state level. In all subsequent years, black and yellow ribbons were distributed free of charge on the eve of the long-awaited holiday. This was done right on the streets of cities, in state institutions, shopping centers, etc. The slogan filled with deep meaning became the motto of the action: “I remember! and I'm proud! And this should be considered a very correct message of the current Russian government. St. George's ribbon is a true symbol. With him, she went through dozens of bloody wars and several rebirths. The tape lives in the heart of every Russian person and people close to him in spirit. And it must be passed on from generation to generation. And so it will always be!

The St. George Ribbon is one of the most recognizable symbols of Russian military glory. This black and orange ribbon has also become one of the main attributes of the Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War, one of the most respected holidays in our country. Unfortunately, not all of those who tie the St. George ribbon on their clothes or cling it to a car know what it really means.

The St. George ribbon is painted in two colors (orange and black); in pre-revolutionary Russia, it relied on several awards dedicated to St. George the Victorious. These included: the St. George's Cross, the St. George's Medal, and the Order of St. George.

In addition, since about the 18th century, the St. George ribbon has been actively used in Russian heraldry: as an element of the St. George banners (standards), it was worn on uniforms by military personnel of especially distinguished units, the ribbon adorned the uniform of the Guards crew and sailors of ships awarded the St. George banners.

History of the St. George Ribbon

Already at the beginning of the 18th century, black, orange (yellow) and white began to be considered the state colors of Russia. It was this color scheme that was present on the state emblem of the Russian state. The sovereign eagle was black, the field of the coat of arms was golden or orange, and the white color meant the figure of St. George the Victorious depicted on the shield of the coat of arms.

In the second half of the 18th century, Empress Catherine the Great established a new award - the Order of St. George, which was awarded to officers and generals for services in the military field (however, Catherine herself became his first cavalier). A ribbon was attached to the order, in honor of him it received the name of St. George's.

The statute of the order indicated that the St. George ribbon should have three black and two yellow stripes. However, it was not yellow that was originally used, but rather orange.

In addition to matching the colors of the state emblem of Russia, such a color scheme had another meaning: orange symbolizes fire, and black symbolizes gunpowder (according to other sources, the battlefield, the Russian land scorched by war).

At the beginning, in 1807, another award was established dedicated to St. George the Victorious - the insignia of the Military Order, which was unofficially called the George Cross. He was granted to the lower ranks for the feats accomplished on the battlefield. In 1913, the St. George medal appeared, which was also awarded to soldiers and non-commissioned officers for courage shown in the face of the enemy.

All of the above awards were worn along with the St. George ribbon. In some cases, the ribbon could be an analogue of the award (if the gentleman for some reason could not receive it). During the First World War, the holders of the St. George Cross in winter, instead of the insignia, wore such a ribbon on their overcoat.

At the beginning of the 19th century, St. George banners (standards) appeared in Russia, in 1813 the Naval Guards crew was awarded such a distinction, after which the St. George ribbon appeared on the caps of its sailors. Emperor Alexander II decided to award ribbons for merit to entire military units. The St. George's Cross was placed at the top of the banner, and the St. George's Ribbon was tied under the pommel.

The St. George ribbon was actively used in Russia until the October Revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks abolished all royal awards. However, even after that, the St. George Ribbon remained part of the award system of the White movement already during the Civil War.

In the White Army, there were two especially respected insignia: "For the Ice Campaign" and "For the Great Siberian Campaign", both of them had bows from the St. George's ribbon. In addition, the St. George ribbon was worn on headdresses, tied on uniforms, attached to battle banners.

After the end of the Civil War, the St. George Ribbon was one of the most common symbols of the emigrant White Guard organizations.

The St. George ribbon was also widely used by various organizations of collaborators who fought on the side of Nazi Germany during the Second World War. The Russian Liberation Movement (ROD) included more than ten large military units, including several SS divisions, which were manned by Russians.

Guards Ribbon

After the devastating defeats of the initial period of the Great Patriotic War, the leadership of the USSR needed symbols that could unite the people and raise the morale of the fighters. In the Red Army at that time there were relatively few military awards and insignia of military prowess. This is where the St. George ribbon came in handy again.

The USSR did not completely repeat its design and name. The Soviet tape was called "Guards", and its appearance was somewhat changed.

Back in the autumn of 1941, the honorary title "Guards" was accepted into the award system of the USSR. The following year, the badge "Guard" was established for the army, and the Soviet Navy adopted its own similar badge - "Naval Guard".

At the end of 1943, a new award was established in the USSR - the Order of Glory. He had three degrees and was assigned to soldiers and junior officers. In fact, the concept of this award largely repeated the royal St. George's Cross. The block of the Order of Glory was covered with the Guards Ribbon.

The same ribbon was used in the medal "For the Victory over Germany", which was awarded to almost all military personnel who fought on the Western fronts. After the victory in the Second World War, about 15 million people were awarded this medal, which was approximately 10% of the entire population of the USSR.

Therefore, it is not surprising that the black-and-orange ribbon in the minds of Soviet citizens has become a real symbol of victory in the war over Nazi Germany. In addition, after the end of the Second World War, the Guards Ribbon was actively used in the most diverse visual propaganda related to the theme of the war.

St. George's ribbon today

In modern Russia, Victory Day is one of the most significant holidays. The memory of the Second World War is one of the main factors of moral cohesion not only for Russians, but also for residents of the CIS and all Russian-speaking people in the world.

In 2005, in honor of the sixtieth anniversary of the victory over Germany, an action was launched at the state level to promote the St. George Ribbon as the main national symbol of the Great Patriotic War.

On the eve of the May holidays, St. George ribbons began to be distributed free of charge right on the streets of Russian cities, in shops and government institutions. People hang them on clothes, bags, car antennas. Private companies often (sometimes even too much) use this tape in advertising their products.

The motto of the action was the slogan "I remember, I'm proud." In recent years, actions related to the St. George Ribbon began to take place abroad. At first, the tape was distributed in neighboring countries, in the last year actions were held in Europe and the USA.

Russian society took this symbol very favorably, and the St. George ribbon received a second birth. Unfortunately, people who wear it usually have a poor memory of the history and meaning of this symbol.

There is also such a point of view (obviously controversial): the St. George ribbon has nothing to do with the award system of the Red Army and, in general, with the USSR. This is the insignia of pre-revolutionary Russia. If we talk about the period of the Second World War, then the St. George ribbon is more likely associated with collaborators who fought on the side of Nazi Germany. But judging from the point of view of the life of this symbol in the people's memory solely as a sign of Russian military prowess, then the decision of the Soviet leadership to return the ribbon looks like a natural step, not so much propaganda as a return to the main road.

In 1992, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the St. George Cross was restored to the country's award system. The current St. George ribbon, in its color scheme and arrangement of stripes, completely coincides with the royal insignia, as well as with the ribbon worn by Krasnov and Vlasov.

The St. George Ribbon is indeed a genuine symbol of Russia, with which the Russian army went through dozens of wars and battles. Arguments that Victory Day is celebrated with the wrong ribbon are stupid and insignificant. The differences between the Guards and St. George ribbons are so small that only historians and specialists in heraldry can figure them out. It is much worse that this sign of military prowess is actively used by politicians and businessmen, and often not for the best purposes.

St. George ribbon and politics with commerce

In the past few years, this insignia has been actively used in politics, and this is done both inside Russia and abroad. The trend was especially aggravated in 2014 after the return of Crimea and the start of hostilities in the Donbass. Moreover, the St. George ribbon has become one of the main distinguishing signs of the forces that were directly involved in those events on the side of the self-proclaimed republics.

Therefore, for supporters of the Kyiv regime, in recent years, the St. George Ribbon has turned from a symbol of the Great War into a propaganda tool. Those who dare to put on such a symbol in modern Ukraine should be ready for a conflict situation. And the St. George ribbon on vodka, toys or the hoods of Mercedes and BMW looks completely insulting. After all, both the St. George Cross and the Order of Glory could only be earned on the battlefield.

The Great Patriotic War is such a grandiose and tragic event that May 9 should be a day of remembrance for the millions of those who died, whose remains are still scattered across our forests, but also a day of great optimism, joy for the descendants of the winners, but most importantly, the day of the Victory of the world over the most dangerous plague of all time - aggression, lies and attempts to revise the results of the most terrible war in the history of mankind.

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