Aggravation of the situation on the border with Chechnya

* June 18 - from Chechnya, attacks were made on 2 outposts on the Dagestan-Chechen border, as well as an attack on a Cossack company in the Stavropol Territory. The Russian leadership closes most of the checkpoints on the border with Chechnya.

* June 22 - for the first time in the history of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, an attempt was made to commit a terrorist attack in its main building. The bomb was defused in time. According to one version, the attack was a response of Chechen fighters to the threats of Russian Interior Minister Vladimir Rushailo to carry out retaliatory actions in Chechnya.

* June 23 - shelling from Chechnya of the outpost near the village of Pervomaiskoye, Khasavyurt district of Dagestan.

* June 30 - Rushailo said that “we must respond to the blow with a more crushing blow; on the border with Chechnya, a command was given to use preventive strikes against armed gangs.

* July 3 - Rushailo announced that the Russian Interior Ministry "starts to strictly regulate the situation in the North Caucasus, where Chechnya acts as a criminal" think tank "controlled by foreign intelligence services, extremist organizations and the criminal community." Kazbek Makhashev, Deputy Prime Minister of the CRI government, said in response: "We cannot be intimidated by threats, and Rushailo is well known."

* July 5 - Rushailo said that "in the early morning of July 5, a preemptive strike was carried out on concentrations of 150-200 armed militants in Chechnya."

* July 7 - a group of militants from Chechnya attacked an outpost near the Grebensky bridge in the Babayurtovsky district of Dagestan. Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation and Director of the FSB of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin said that "Russia will continue to take not preventive, but only adequate actions in response to attacks in the areas bordering Chechnya." He stressed that "the Chechen authorities do not fully control the situation in the republic."

* July 16 - V. Ovchinnikov, commander of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, said that "the issue of creating a buffer zone around Chechnya is being worked out."

Two servicemen of the federal forces, senior sergeant A.V. Potemkin, a native of the city of Yaroslavl and senior sergeant V.V. Komashko, a native of the village of Burkovtsy, was captured, another sergeant S.G. Reshetkin, a native of the city of Yaroslavl, died as a result of an infantry fighting vehicle being blown up on a radio-controlled landmine on the western outskirts of the regional center Achkhoy-Martan. escorted a convoy with medical equipment and drugs from Bamut to Achkhoi-Martan as military personnel on armor. An explosive device believed to be a 122mm artillery shell was planted on the side of the road. The whereabouts of the captured soldiers are currently unknown. Media: Gazeta.ru Tuesday, July 28, 1999

* July 23 - Chechen fighters attacked an outpost on the territory of Dagestan, protecting the Kopaevsky hydroelectric complex. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Dagestan stated that "this time the Chechens carried out reconnaissance in force, and soon large-scale actions of bandit formations will begin along the entire perimeter of the Dagestan-Chechen border."

* August 7 - September 14 - from the territory of the CRI, detachments of field commanders Shamil Basayev and Khattab invaded the territory of Dagestan. Fierce fighting continued for more than a month. The official government of the CRI, unable to control the actions of various armed groups on the territory of Chechnya, dissociated itself from the actions of Shamil Basayev, but did not take practical actions against him (see the article Invasion of militants into Dagestan).

* August 12 - Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation I. Zubov said that the President of the CRI Maskhadov "was sent a letter with a proposal to conduct a joint operation with the federal troops against the Islamists in Dagestan."

* August 13 - Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin said that "strike will be inflicted on the bases and concentrations of militants, regardless of their location, including on the territory of Chechnya."

* August 16 - CRI President Aslan Maskhadov introduced martial law in Chechnya for a period of 30 days, announced a partial mobilization of reservists and participants in the First Chechen War.

Air bombardments of Chechnya

* August 25 - Russian aviation strikes militant bases in the Vedeno Gorge of Chechnya. In response to an official protest from the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, the command of the federal forces declares that it "reserves the right to strike at militant bases on the territory of any North Caucasian region, including Chechnya."

* September 6 - 18 - Russian aviation inflicts numerous missile and bomb strikes on military camps and fortifications of militants in Chechnya.

* September 14 - V. Putin said that "the Khasavyurt agreements should be subjected to an impartial analysis", as well as "temporarily introduce a strict quarantine" along the entire perimeter of Chechnya.

* September 18 - Russian troops block the border of Chechnya from Dagestan, Stavropol Territory, North Ossetia and Ingushetia.

* September 23 - Russian aviation began bombing the capital of Chechnya and its environs. As a result, several electrical substations, a number of oil and gas plants, the Grozny mobile communications center, a television and radio broadcasting center, and an An-2 aircraft were destroyed. The press service of the Russian Air Force stated that "aircraft will continue to strike targets that the gangs can use to their advantage."

* September 27 - Prime Minister of Russia Vladimir Putin categorically rejected the possibility of a meeting between the President of Russia and the head of the CRI. "There will be no meetings to let the militants lick their wounds," he said.

Start of ground operation

* September 30 - armored units of the Russian army from the Stavropol Territory and Dagestan entered the territory of the Naur and Shelkovsky regions of Chechnya.

* October 4 - at a meeting of the military council of the CRI, it was decided to form three directions to repel the blows of federal forces. The western direction was headed by Ruslan Gelaev, the eastern direction by Shamil Basaev, and the central direction by Magomed Khambiev.

* October 6 - Maskhadov invited all the religious figures of Chechnya to declare a holy war on Russia - gazavat.

* October 15 - the troops of the Western grouping of General Vladimir Shamanov entered Chechnya from Ingushetia.

* October 16 - federal forces occupied a third of the territory of Chechnya north of the Terek River and began the implementation of the second stage of the anti-terrorist operation, the main goal of which is the destruction of gangs in the remaining territory of Chechnya.

* October 21 - Federal forces launched a missile attack on the central market of the city of Grozny, as a result of which 140 people were killed

* November 11 - the field commanders, the Yamadayev brothers, and the Mufti of Chechnya, Akhmat Kadyrov, surrendered Gudermes to the federal forces

* November 17 - the first major losses of the federal forces since the beginning of the campaign. Under Vedeno, the reconnaissance group of the 31st separate airborne brigade was lost (12 dead, 2 prisoners).

* November 18 - According to the NTV television company, federal forces took control of the regional center of Achkhoy-Martan "without firing a shot."

* November 25 - CRI President Maskhadov turned to Russian soldiers fighting in the North Caucasus with a proposal to surrender and go over to the side of the militants.

* By December 1999, federal forces controlled the entire flat part of Chechnya. The militants concentrated in the mountains and in Grozny.

* December 8 - Federal forces launched an assault on Urus-Martan
* December 14 - federal forces occupied Khankala
* December 26, 1999 - February 6, 2000 - the siege of Grozny

* December 17 - a large landing of federal forces blocked the road connecting Chechnya with the village of Shatili (Georgia).

* January 9 - a breakthrough of militants in Shali and Argun. The control of the federal forces over Shali was restored on January 11, over Argun on January 13.

* January 27 - during the battles for Grozny, field commander Isa Astamirov, deputy commander of the southwestern front of militants, was killed.

* February 9 - Federal troops blocked an important militant resistance center - the village of Serzhen-Yurt, and in the Argun Gorge, so famous since the times of the Caucasian War, 380 military personnel landed and occupied one of the dominant heights. Federal troops blockaded more than three thousand militants in the Argun Gorge.

* February 29 - the capture of Shatoi. Maskhadov, Khattab and Basayev left the encirclement again. Colonel-General Gennady Troshev, First Deputy Commander of the United Group of Federal Forces, announced the end of a full-scale military operation in Chechnya.

* February 28 - March 2 - Fight at height 776 - a breakthrough of militants (Khattab) through Ulus-Kert. The heroic death of the paratroopers of the 6th paratrooper company of the 104th regiment

* March 12 - in the village of Novogroznensky, the terrorist Salman Raduev was captured by the FSB and brought to Moscow, later sentenced to life imprisonment and died in prison.

* October 1 - field commander Isa Munaev was killed during a military clash in the Stapropromyslovsky district of Grozny.

* June 23-24 - in the village of Alkhan-kala, a special combined detachment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB conducted a special operation to eliminate a detachment of militants of field commander Arbi Baraev. 16 militants were killed, including Barayev himself.
* July 11 - in the village of Mayrup, Shali district of Chechnya, Khattab's assistant Abu Umar was killed during a special operation by the FSB and the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.
* August 25 - in the city of Argun, during a special operation by the FSB, field commander Movsan Suleimenov, Arbi Barayev's nephew, was killed.
* September 17 - an attack by militants (300 people) on Gudermes, the attack was repulsed. As a result of the use of the Tochka-U missile system, a group of more than 100 people was destroyed. In Grozny, a Mi-8 helicopter with a commission of the General Staff on board was shot down (2 generals and 8 officers were killed).
* November 3 - during a special operation, the influential field commander Shamil Iriskhanov, who was part of Basayev's inner circle, was killed.

* March 20 - as a result of a special operation by the FSB, the terrorist Khattab was killed by poisoning.
* April 18 - in his Address to the Federal Assembly, President Vladimir Putin announced the end of the military stage of the conflict in Chechnya.
* May 9 - a terrorist attack occurred in Dagestan during the celebration of Victory Day. 43 people died, more than 100 were injured.
* August 19 - Chechen fighters from the Igla MANPADS shot down a Russian Mi-26 military transport helicopter near the Khankala military base. Of the 152 people on board, 124 were killed.
* September 23 - Raid on Ingushetia (2002)
* October 23 - 26 - hostage-taking in the theater center on Dubrovka in Moscow, 129 hostages were killed. All 44 terrorists were killed, including Movsar Baraev.
* December 5 - a suicide attack on an electric train in Essentuki.
* December 9 - suicide attack near the National Hotel (Moscow).
* December 27 - the explosion of the Government House in Grozny as a result of a terrorist attack. Over 70 people died. Shamil Basayev claimed responsibility for the attack.

* July 5 - terrorist attack in Moscow at the rock festival "Wings". 16 people died, 57 were injured.
* August 1 - Undermining a military hospital in Mozdok. An army truck "KamAZ" loaded with explosives rammed the gate and exploded near the building. There was one suicide bomber in the cockpit. The death toll was 50 people.
* 2003-2004 - Raid on Dagestan by a detachment of bandits under the command of Ruslan Gelaev.

* February 6 - terrorist attack in the Moscow metro, on the stretch between the stations "Avtozavodskaya" and "Paveletskaya". 39 people died, 122 were injured.
* February 28 - famous field commander Ruslan Gelaev was mortally wounded during a skirmish with policemen
* April 16 - during the shelling of the mountain ranges of Chechnya, the leader of foreign mercenaries in Chechnya, Abu al-Walid al-Ghamidi, was killed
* May 9 - as a result of a terrorist attack at a parade in honor of Victory Day in Grozny, the head of the Chechen administration, Akhmat Kadyrov, died
* June 22 - Raid on Ingushetia
* August 21 - 400 militants attacked Grozny. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Chechnya, 44 people died and 36 were seriously injured.
* August 24 - explosions of two Russian passenger airliners, killing 89 people.
* August 31 - a terrorist attack near the metro station "Rizhskaya" in Moscow. 10 people were killed, more than 50 people were injured.
* September 1 - A terrorist act in Beslan, as a result of which more than 350 people from among the hostages, civilians and military personnel died. Half of the dead are children. As of November 23, 2008, this is the last major terrorist attack in the history of Russia.

* March 8 - during the special operation of the FSB in the village of Tolstoy-Yurt, the president of the CRI, Aslan Maskhadov, was liquidated
* May 15 - Vakha Arsanov, former vice-president of the CRI, was killed in Grozny. Arsanov and his accomplices, being in a private house, fired at a police patrol and were destroyed by the arriving reinforcements.
* October 13 - An attack by militants on the city of Nalchik (Kabardino-Balkaria), as a result of which, according to the Russian authorities, 12 civilians and 35 law enforcement officers were killed. Destroyed, according to various sources, from 40 to 124 militants.

* January 31 - Russian President Vladimir Putin said at a press conference that now we can talk about the end of the counter-terrorist operation in Chechnya.
* June 17 - the "President of the CRI" Abdul-Khalim Sadulaev was destroyed in Argun
* July 4 - a military convoy was attacked in Chechnya near the village of Avtury in the Shali region. Representatives of the federal forces report 6 killed servicemen, militants - more than 20.
* July 9 - the website of Chechen militants "Caucasus Center" announced the creation of the Ural and Volga fronts as part of the CRI Armed Forces.
* July 10 - in Ingushetia, terrorist Shamil Basayev was killed as a result of a special operation (according to other sources - he died due to careless handling of explosives)
* August 23 - Chechen fighters attacked a military convoy on the Grozny-Shatoy highway, not far from the entrance to the Argun Gorge. The column consisted of a Ural vehicle and two escort armored personnel carriers. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Chechen Republic, four servicemen of the federal forces were wounded as a result.
* November 7 - Seven riot police from Mordovia were killed in Chechnya.
* November 26 - the leader of foreign mercenaries in Chechnya, Abu Hafs al-Urdani, was killed in Khasavyurt.

* April 4 - in the vicinity of the village of Agish-batoy, Vedeno district of Chechnya, one of the most influential militant leaders, commander of the Eastern Front of the CRI, Suleiman Ilmurzaev (call sign "Khairulla"), who was involved in the assassination of Chechen President Akhmat Kadyrov, was killed.
* June 13 - in the Vedeno district on the Upper Kurchali - Belgata highway, militants shot down a convoy of police cars.
* July 23 - battle near the village of Tazen-Kale, Vedensky district, between Sulim Yamadayev's Vostok battalion and a detachment of Chechen separatists led by Doku Umarov. It is reported about the death of 6 militants.
* September 18 - as a result of a counter-terrorist operation in the village of Novy Sulak, the "Amir Rabbani" - Rappani Khalilov, was destroyed.

The war with Chechnya remains by far the biggest conflict in Russian history. This campaign brought many sad consequences for both sides: a huge number of dead and wounded, destroyed houses, crippled destinies.

This confrontation showed the inability of the Russian command to act effectively in local conflicts.

History of the Chechen war

In the early 90s, the USSR was slowly but surely moving towards its collapse. At this time, with the advent of glasnost, protest moods began to gain strength throughout the territory of the Soviet Union. In order to keep the country united, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev is trying to federalize the state.

at the end of this year, the Chechen-Ingush Republic adopted its declaration of independence

A year later, when it was clear that it was impossible to save a united country, Dzhokhar Dudayev was elected president of Chechnya, who on November 1 announced the sovereignty of Ichkeria.

Aircraft with special forces were sent there to restore order. But the special forces were surrounded. As a result of negotiations, the special forces soldiers managed to leave the territory of the republic. From that moment on, relations between Grozny and Moscow began to deteriorate more and more.

The situation escalated in 1993, when bloody clashes broke out between Dudayev's supporters and the head of the Provisional Council, Avturkhanov. As a result, Avturkhanov's allies stormed Grozny, the tanks easily reached the center of Grozny, but the assault failed. They were controlled by Russian tankmen.

by this year, all federal troops had been withdrawn from Chechnya

To stop the bloodshed, Yeltsin issued an ultimatum: if the bloodshed in Chechnya does not stop, Russia will be forced to intervene militarily.

First Chechen War 1994 - 1996

On November 30, 1994, B. Yeltsin signed a decree designed to restore law and order in Chechnya and restore constitutional legality.

According to this document, the disarmament and destruction of Chechen military formations was supposed. On December 11, Yeltsin spoke to the Russians, arguing that the goal of the Russian troops was to protect the Chechens from extremism. On the same day the army entered Ichkeria. Thus began the Chechen war.

The beginning of the war in Chechnya

The army moved from three directions:

• northwestern grouping;
• western grouping;
• eastern group.

At first, the advance of troops from the north-western direction passed easily without resistance. The first clash since the beginning of the war happened only 10 km from Grozny on December 12.

Government troops were fired from mortars by a detachment of Vakha Arsanov. The losses of the Russians amounted to: 18 people, of which 6 were killed, 10 pieces of equipment were lost. The Chechen detachment was destroyed by return fire.

Russian troops took up a position on the line Dolinsky - the village of Pervomaiskaya, from here they exchanged fire throughout December.

As a result, many civilians died.

From the east, the military convoy was stopped at the border by local residents. For the troops from the western direction, things immediately became difficult. They were fired upon near the village of Varsuki. After that, unarmed people were fired more than once so that the troops could advance.

Against the backdrop of poor results, a number of senior officers of the Russian army were suspended. The operation was assigned to lead General Mityukhin. On December 17, Yeltsin demanded that Dudayev surrender and disarm his troops, and ordered him to come to Mozdok to surrender.

And on the 18th, the bombing of Grozny began, which continued almost until the very assault on the city.

Assault on Grozny

4 groups of troops participated in hostilities:

• "West", commander General Petruk;
• "Northeast", commander General Rokhlin;
• "North", Commander Pulikovsky;
• "East", commander General Staskov.

The plan to storm the capital of Chechnya was adopted on December 26. He assumed the assault on the city from 4 directions. The ultimate goal of this operation was to capture the presidential palace by surrounding it with government troops from all sides. On the government side, there were:

• 15 thousand people;
• 200 tanks;
• 500 infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers.

The armed forces of the CRI had at their disposal, according to various sources:

• 12-15 thousand people;
• 42 tanks;
• 64 armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles.

The eastern group of troops, led by General Staskov, was supposed to enter the capital from the Khankala airport, and capturing a large area of ​​the city, divert significant resistance forces.

Having fallen into an ambush on the approaches to the city, the Russian formations were forced to return back, failing the task at the same time.

As well as in the eastern grouping, things were not going well in other areas. Worthy managed to resist only the troops under the command of General Rokhlin. Having fought to the city hospital and the cannery, the troops were surrounded, but did not retreat, but took up competent defense, which saved many lives.

Things were especially tragic in the northern direction. In the battles for the railway station, having fallen into an ambush, the 131st brigade from Maykop and the 8th motorized rifle regiment were defeated. There were the biggest losses that day.

The Western group was sent to storm the presidential palace. Initially, the advance went without resistance, but near the city market, the troops were ambushed and forced to go on the defensive.

by March of this year, they managed to take Grozny

As a result, the first assault on the formidable was a failure, as well as the second after it. After changing tactics from an assault to the "Stalingrad" method, Grozny was taken by March 1995, defeating a detachment of militant Shamil Basayev.

Battles of the First Chechen War

After the capture of Grozny, government armed forces were sent to establish control over the entire territory of Chechnya. The entrance was not only weapons, but also negotiations with civilians. Argun, Shali, Gudermes were taken almost without a fight.

Fierce fighting also continued, with especially strong resistance in the highlands. It took the Russian troops a week to capture the village of Chiri-Yurt in May 1995. By June 12, Nozhai-Yurt and Shatoi were taken.

As a result, they managed to “bargain” a peace agreement from Russia, which was repeatedly violated by both sides. On December 10-12, the battle for Gudermes took place, which was then cleared of bandits for another two weeks.

On April 21, 1996, something happened that the Russian command had been seeking for a long time. Having caught a satellite signal from the phone of Dzhokhar Dudayev, an air strike was launched, as a result of which the president of the unrecognized Ichkeria was killed.

Results of the First Chechen War

The results of the first Chechen war were:

• peace agreement between Russia and Ichkeria signed on August 31, 1996;
• Russia has withdrawn its troops from the territory of Chechnya;
• the status of the republic was to remain uncertain.

The losses of the Russian army amounted to:

• more than 4 thousand killed;
• 1.2 thousand missing;
• about 20 thousand wounded.

Heroes of the First Chechen War

The titles of the Hero of Russia were received by 175 people who participated in this campaign. Viktor Ponomarev was the first to receive this title for his exploits during the assault on Grozny. General Rokhlin, who was awarded this title, refused to accept the award.

Second Chechen War 1999-2009

The Chechen campaign was continued in 1999. The main prerequisites are:

• the absence of a fight against separatists who committed terrorist attacks, carried out devastations and committed other crimes in the neighboring regions of the Russian Federation;
• The Russian government tried to influence the leadership of Ichkeria, however, President Aslan Maskhadov only verbally condemned the current lawlessness.

In this regard, the Russian government decided to conduct a counter-terrorist operation.

Start of hostilities

On August 7, 1999, the detachments of Khattab and Shamil Basayev invaded the territory of the mountainous regions of Dagestan. The group consisted mainly of foreign mercenaries. They planned to win the locals over to their side, but their plan failed.

For more than a month, the federal forces fought against the terrorists before they left for the territory of Chechnya. For this reason, with Yeltsin's decree, massive bombardments of Grozny began on September 23.

In this campaign, the sharply increased skill of the military was clearly noticeable.

On December 26, the assault on Grozny began, which lasted until February 6, 2000. On the liberation of the city from the terrorists said acting. President V. Putin. From that moment on, the war turned into a struggle with the partisans, which ended in 2009.

Results of the Second Chechen War

As a result of the second Chechen campaign:

• peace was established in the country;
• people of pro-Kremlin ideology came to power;
• the region began to recover;
• Chechnya has become one of the most peaceful regions in Russia.

During the 10 years of the war, the real losses of the Russian army amounted to 7.3 thousand people, the terrorists lost more than 16 thousand people.

Many veterans of this war remember it in a sharply negative context. After all, the organization, especially the first campaign of 1994-1996. left not the best memories. This is eloquently evidenced by various documentary videos filmed in those years. One of the best films about the first Chechen war:

The end of the civil war stabilized the situation in the country as a whole, bringing peace to families on both sides.

Ilya Kramnik, military observer for RIA Novosti.

The second Chechen war of modern Russian history is officially over. The National Anti-Terrorist Committee of Russia, on behalf of President Dmitry Medvedev, lifted the regime of the counter-terrorist operation (CTO) that had been in effect for almost 10 years. This regime was introduced in Chechnya by decree of Boris Yeltsin on September 23, 1999.

The operation, which began in August 1999 with the repulse of the attack of the militants Basayev and Khattab on Dagestan, naturally continued on the territory of Chechnya - where the bandit formations thrown back from the Dagestan territory retreated.

The second Chechen war could not but begin. The events that took place in the region after the signing of the Khasavyurt Accords in 1996, which ended the previous war, left no doubt that hostilities would flare up again.

Yeltsin era

The nature of the first and second Chechen wars differed greatly. In 1994, the bet on the "Chechenization" of the conflict was lost - the opposition units could not (and hardly were able) to resist Dudayev's formations. The entry of Russian troops into the territory of the republic, which were seriously constrained in their actions and were not too well prepared for the operation, aggravated the situation - the troops faced fierce resistance, which led to significant losses during the fighting.

The assault on Grozny, which began on December 31, 1994, was especially costly for the Russian army. Disputes about the responsibility of certain individuals for losses during the assault are still ongoing. Experts lay the main blame on the then Russian Defense Minister Pavel Grachev, who wanted to take the city as quickly as possible.

As a result, the Russian army got involved in weeks-long battles in a city with dense buildings. The losses of the armed forces and troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the battles for Grozny in January-February 1995 amounted to more than 1,500 people killed and missing, and about 150 units of irretrievably lost armored vehicles.

As a result of two months of fighting, the Russian army cleared Grozny of gangs that lost about 7,000 people and a large amount of equipment and weapons. It should be noted that the Chechen separatists received the equipment in the early 90s, seizing the warehouses of military units located on the territory of Chechnya with the connivance of the USSR authorities first, and then the Russian Federation.

With the capture of Grozny, however, the war did not end. The fighting continued, capturing more and more of the territory of Chechnya, but it was not possible to suppress the bandit formations. On June 14, 1995, the Basayev gang raided the city of Budennovsk in the Stavropol Territory, where they seized the city hospital, taking patients and staff hostage. The militants managed to get to Budyonnovsk by road. The fault of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was obvious, but, for the sake of objectivity, it should be noted that chaos and decay in those days were almost ubiquitous.

The bandits demanded to stop the fighting in Chechnya and start negotiations with Dudayev's regime. Russian special forces launched an operation to free the hostages. However, it was interrupted by the order of Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin, who entered into negotiations with Basayev by telephone. After an unsuccessful assault and negotiations, the Russian authorities agreed to allow the terrorists to leave unhindered if they released the captured hostages. Basayev's terrorist group returned to Chechnya. As a result of the attack, 129 people were killed and 415 were injured.

Responsibility for what happened was assigned to the director of the Federal Grid Company Sergey Stepashin and Interior Minister Viktor Yerin, who lost their posts.

Meanwhile, the war continued. The federal troops managed to take control of most of the territory of Chechnya, but the sorties of the militants who were hiding in the mountainous wooded area and enjoyed the support of the population did not stop.

On January 9, 1996, a detachment of militants under the command of Raduev and Israpilov attacked Kizlyar, and took a group of hostages in the local maternity hospital and hospital. The militants demanded the withdrawal of Russian troops from the territory of Chechnya and the North Caucasus. On January 10, 1996, the bandits left Kizlyar, taking with them a hundred hostages, the number of which increased after they disarmed the checkpoint of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Soon, Raduev's group was blocked in the village of Pervomaiskoye, which was taken by storm by Russian troops on January 15-18. As a result of the attack by Raduev's gang on Kizlyar and Pervomaiskoye, 78 servicemen, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and civilians of Dagestan were killed, several hundred people were injured of varying severity. Part of the militants, including the leaders, broke into the territory of Chechnya through gaps in a poorly organized cordon.

On April 21, 1996, the federal center managed to achieve a major success by eliminating Dzhokhar Dudayev, but his death did not lead to an end to the war. On August 6, 1996, gangs again captured Grozny, blocking the positions of our troops. The prepared operation to destroy the militants was cancelled.

Finally, on August 14, an armistice agreement is signed, after which negotiations between the representatives of Russia and Chechnya begin on the development of "Principles for determining the foundations of relations between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic." Negotiations end on August 31, 1996 with the signing of the Khasavyurt agreements. On the Russian side, the document was signed by Alexander Lebed, then Secretary of the Security Council, and on the Chechen side, Aslan Maskhadov.

De facto, the Khasavyurt Accords and the "treaty on peace and principles of relations between the Russian Federation and the CRI" that followed them, signed in May 1997 by Yeltsin and Maskhadov, opened the way for Chechnya's independence. The second article of the agreement directly provided for the construction of relations between the parties on the basis of the principles of international law and agreements of the parties.

Results of the first campaign

It is difficult to assess the effectiveness of the actions of Russian troops during the first Chechen war. On the one hand, the actions of the troops were seriously limited by numerous non-military considerations - the leadership of the country and the Ministry of Defense regularly limited the use of heavy weapons and aviation for political reasons. There was an acute shortage of modern weapons, and the lessons learned from the Afghan conflict, which took place under similar conditions, were forgotten.

In addition, an information war was unleashed against the army - a number of media and politicians conducted a targeted campaign to support the separatists. The causes and prehistory of the war were hushed up, in particular, the genocide of the Russian-speaking population of Chechnya in the early 1990s. Many were killed, others were expelled from their homes and forced to leave Chechnya. Meanwhile, human rights activists and the press paid close attention to any real and fictitious sins of the federal forces, but hushed up the topic of the disasters of the Russian inhabitants of Chechnya.

The information war against Russia was also waged abroad. In many Western countries, as well as in the states of Eastern Europe and some ex-Soviet republics, organizations arose with the aim of supporting the Chechen separatists. Assistance to gangs was also provided by the special services of Western countries. A number of countries provided shelter, medical and financial assistance to militants, helped them with weapons and documents.

At the same time, it is obvious that one of the reasons for the failures was the gross mistakes made by both the top leadership and the operational command, as well as the wave of army corruption, as a result of the purposeful and general decomposition of the army, when operational information could simply be sold. In addition, a number of successful operations by militants against Russian convoys would have been impossible if the Russian troops complied with the elementary statutory requirements for organizing combat guards, reconnaissance, coordination of actions, etc.

The Khasavyurt agreements did not become a guarantee of a peaceful life for Chechnya. Chechen criminal structures with impunity did business on mass kidnappings, hostage-taking (including official Russian representatives working in Chechnya), theft of oil from oil pipelines and oil wells, the production and smuggling of drugs, the production and distribution of counterfeit banknotes, terrorist attacks and attacks on neighboring Russian regions. Even the money that Moscow continued to send to Chechen pensioners was stolen by the authorities of Ichkeria. A zone of instability arose around Chechnya, which gradually spread across the territory of Russia.

Second Chechen campaign

In Chechnya itself, in the summer of 1999, the gangs of Shamil Basayev and Khattab, the most prominent Arab mercenary on the territory of the republic, were preparing for an invasion of Dagestan. The bandits counted on the weakness of the Russian government, and the surrender of Dagestan. The blow was delivered on the mountainous part of this province, where there were almost no troops.

Fights with the terrorists who invaded Dagestan on August 7 lasted for more than a month. At this time, major terrorist acts were carried out in several Russian cities - residential buildings were blown up in Moscow, Volgodonsk and Buynaksk. Many civilians died.

The second Chechen war was significantly different from the first. The bet on the weakness of the Russian government and the army did not materialize. The new Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin took over the overall leadership of the new Chechen war.

The troops, taught by the bitter experience of 1994-96, behaved much more carefully, actively using various new tactics that made it possible to destroy large militant forces with few losses. Separate "successes" of the militants cost them too much and could not change anything.

Like, for example, the battle at Hill 776, when the bandits managed to break out of the encirclement through the positions of the 6th company of the 104th parachute regiment of the Pskov Airborne Division. During this battle, 90 paratroopers, not having aviation and artillery support due to bad weather, held back the onslaught of more than 2,000 militants for a day. The bandits broke through the positions of the company only when it was almost completely destroyed (only six out of 90 people survived). The losses of the militants amounted to about 500 people. After that, terrorist attacks become the main type of actions of the militants - hostage-taking, explosions on roads and in public places.

Moscow actively used the split in Chechnya itself - many field commanders went over to the side of the federal forces. Within Russia itself, the new war also enjoyed much more support than before. In the highest echelons of power, this time there was no indecision that was one of the reasons for the success of gangs in the 90s. One by one, the most prominent militant leaders are being destroyed. A few leaders who escaped death fled abroad.

Mufti of Chechnya Akhmat Kadyrov, who died on May 9, 2004 as a result of a terrorist attack, becomes the head of the republic, who went over to the side of Russia. His successor was his son - Ramzan Kadyrov.

Gradually, with the cessation of foreign funding and the death of the leaders of the underground, the activity of the militants decreased. The federal center has sent and is sending large sums of money to help and restore peaceful life in Chechnya. In Chechnya, units of the Ministry of Defense and internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are stationed on a permanent basis, maintaining order in the republic. Whether the troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs will remain in Chechnya after the abolition of the KTO is not yet clear.

Assessing the current situation, we can say that the fight against separatism in Chechnya has been successfully completed. However, the victory cannot be called final. The North Caucasus is a rather turbulent region, in which various forces, both local and supported from abroad, are operating, seeking to fan the fire of a new conflict, so the final stabilization of the situation in the region is still far away.

In this regard, the abolition of the anti-terrorist regime in Chechnya will only mean the successful completion for Russia of another very important stage in the struggle for its territorial integrity.

Second Chechen War

(officially called the counter-terrorist operation (CTO)- military operations on the territory of Chechnya and the border regions of the North Caucasus. It began on September 30, 1999 (the date of entry of Russian troops into Chechnya). The active phase of hostilities lasted from 1999 to 2000, then, as the Russian Armed Forces established control over the territory of Chechnya, it escalated into a smoldering conflict, which actually continues to this day. From 00:00 on April 16, 2009, the CTO regime was canceled.

1. Background

After the signing of the Khasavyurt Accords and the withdrawal of Russian troops in 1996, there was no peace and tranquility in Chechnya and its adjacent regions.

Chechen criminal structures with impunity did business on mass kidnappings,

hostage-taking (including official Russian representatives working in Chechnya), theft of oil from oil pipelines and oil wells, the production and smuggling of drugs, the issuance and distribution of counterfeit banknotes, terrorist attacks and attacks on neighboring Russian regions. On the territory of Chechnya, camps were set up for the training of militants - young people from the Muslim regions of Russia. Mine-blasting instructors and Islamic preachers were sent here from abroad. Numerous Arab mercenaries began to play a significant role in the life of Chechnya. Their main goal was to destabilize the situation in the Russian regions neighboring Chechnya and spread the ideas of separatism to the North Caucasian republics (primarily Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria).

In early March 1999, Gennady Shpigun, the plenipotentiary representative of the Russian Interior Ministry in Chechnya, was abducted by terrorists at the Grozny airport. For the Russian leadership, this was evidence that CRI President Maskhadov was not in a position to fight terrorism on his own. The federal center took measures to intensify the fight against Chechen gangs: self-defense units were armed and police units were reinforced along the entire perimeter of Chechnya, the best operatives of units to combat ethnic organized crime were sent to the North Caucasus, several Tochka-U rocket launchers were deployed from the Stavropol Territory. ", designed for delivering pinpoint strikes.

"Point-U"

An economic blockade of Chechnya was introduced, which led to the fact that the cash flow from Russia began to dry up sharply. Due to the tightening of the regime at the border, it has become increasingly difficult to smuggle drugs into Russia and take hostages. Gasoline produced at clandestine factories has become impossible to take out of Chechnya. The fight against Chechen criminal groups that actively financed the militants in Chechnya was also intensified. In May-July 1999, the Chechen-Dagestan border turned into a militarized zone. As a result, the incomes of Chechen warlords were sharply reduced and they had problems with the purchase of weapons and payment of mercenaries. In April 1999, Vyacheslav Ovchinnikov, who successfully led a number of operations during the First Chechen War, was appointed commander-in-chief of the internal troops.

In May 1999, Russian helicopters launched a missile attack on the positions of Khattab militants on the Terek River in response to an attempt by gangs to seize an outpost of internal troops on the Chechen-Dagestan border. After that, Interior Minister Vladimir Rushailo announced the preparation of large-scale preventive strikes.

Meanwhile, Chechen gangs under the command of Shamil Basayev and Khattab were preparing for an armed invasion of Dagestan. From April to August 1999, conducting reconnaissance in combat, they made more than 30 sorties in Stavropol and Dagestan alone, as a result of which several dozen military personnel, law enforcement officers and civilians were killed and injured. Realizing that the strongest groupings of federal troops were concentrated in the Kizlyar and Khasavyurt directions, the militants decided to strike at the mountainous part of Dagestan. When choosing this direction, the bandit formations proceeded from the fact that there are no troops there, and it will not be possible to transfer forces to this hard-to-reach area in the shortest possible time. In addition, the militants counted on a possible blow to the rear of the federal forces from the Kadar zone of Dagestan, which since August 1998 has been controlled by local Wahhabis.

As the researchers note, the destabilization of the situation in the North Caucasus was beneficial to many. First of all, Islamic fundamentalists seeking to spread their influence throughout the world, as well as Arab oil sheikhs and financial oligarchs of the Persian Gulf countries, who are not interested in starting the exploitation of oil and gas fields in the Caspian.

On August 7, 1999, a massive invasion of militants into Dagestan was carried out from the territory of Chechnya under the overall command of Shamil Basayev and the Arab mercenary Khattab.

The core of the militant group was made up of foreign mercenaries and fighters of the Islamic International Peacekeeping Brigade associated with al-Qaeda. The plan of the militants to transfer the population of Dagestan to their side failed, the Dagestanis put up desperate resistance to the invading bandits. The Russian authorities offered the Ichkerian leadership to conduct a joint operation with the federal forces against the Islamists in Dagestan. It was also proposed to "resolve the issue of liquidating the bases, places of storage and recreation of illegal armed groups, from which the Chechen leadership in every possible way disowns." Aslan Maskhadov verbally condemned the attacks on Dagestan and their organizers and inspirers, but did not take real measures to counter them.
For more than a month there were battles between the federal forces and the invading militants, which ended with the fact that the militants were forced to retreat from the territory of Dagestan back to Chechnya.

On the same days - September 4-16 - in several Russian cities (Moscow, Volgodonsk and Buynaksk) a series of terrorist acts were carried out - explosions of residential buildings.

Explosion 6 on Kashirskoe shosse in Moscow 13-09.1999

Considering Maskhadov's inability to control the situation in Chechnya, the Russian leadership decided to conduct a military operation to destroy the militants in Chechnya. On September 18, the borders of Chechnya were blocked by Russian troops.

On September 23, Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree "On Measures to Increase the Efficiency of Counter-Terrorist Operations in the North Caucasus Region of the Russian Federation." The decree provided for the creation of the United Group of Forces in the North Caucasus to conduct a counter-terrorist operation.

On September 23, Russian troops began a massive bombardment of Grozny and its environs, on September 30 they entered the territory of Chechnya.

2. Character

Having broken the resistance of the militants by the force of the troops of the army and the Ministry of Internal Affairs (the command of the Russian troops successfully uses military tricks, such as, for example, luring militants into minefields, raids on the rear of gangs, and many others), the Kremlin relied on the "Chechenization" of the conflict and poaching side of the elite and former militants. So, in 2000, a former supporter of the separatists, the chief mufti of Chechnya, Akhmat Kadyrov, became the head of the pro-Kremlin administration of Chechnya in 2000.

The militants, on the contrary, relied on the internationalization of the conflict, involving armed detachments of non-Chechen origin in their struggle. By the beginning of 2005, after the destruction of Maskhadov, Khattab, Baraev, Abu al-Walid and many other field commanders, the intensity of the sabotage and terrorist activities of the militants had significantly decreased. During 2005-2008, not a single major terrorist attack was committed in Russia, and the only large-scale operation of militants (Raid on Kabardino-Balkaria on October 13, 2005) ended in complete failure.

3. Chronology

3.1. 1999

Aggravation of the situation on the border with Chechnya

• June 18 - from Chechnya, attacks were made on 2 outposts on the Dagestan-Chechen border, as well as an attack on a Cossack company in the Stavropol Territory. The Russian leadership closes most of the checkpoints on the border with Chechnya.
• June 22 - For the first time in the history of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, an attempt was made to commit a terrorist attack in its main building. The bomb was defused in time. According to one version, the attack was a response of Chechen fighters to the threats of Russian Interior Minister Vladimir Rushailo to carry out retaliatory actions in Chechnya.
• June 23 - shelling from the side of Chechnya of the outpost near the village of Pervomaiskoye, Khasavyurt district of Dagestan.
• June 30 - Rushailo said: “We must respond to the blow with a more crushing blow; on the border with Chechnya, a command was given to use preventive strikes against armed gangs.
• July 3 - Rushailo announced that the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs "is embarking on a strict regulation of the situation in the North Caucasus, where Chechnya acts as a criminal" think tank "controlled by foreign intelligence services, extremist organizations and the criminal community." Kazbek Makhashev, Deputy Prime Minister of the CRI government, said in response: "We cannot be intimidated by threats, and Rushailo is well known."
• July 5 - Rushailo stated that "in the early morning of July 5, a preemptive strike was carried out on concentrations of 150-200 armed militants in Chechnya."
• July 7 - A group of militants from Chechnya attacked an outpost near the Grebensky bridge in the Babayurtovsky district of Dagestan. Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation and Director of the FSB of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin said that "Russia will continue to take not preventive, but only adequate actions in response to attacks in the areas bordering Chechnya." He stressed that "the Chechen authorities do not fully control the situation in the republic."
• July 16 - V. Ovchinnikov, commander of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, announced that "the issue of creating a buffer zone around Chechnya is being worked out."
• July 23 - Chechen fighters attacked an outpost in the territory of Dagestan, protecting the Kopaevsky hydroelectric complex. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Dagestan stated that "this time the Chechens carried out reconnaissance in force, and soon large-scale actions of bandit formations will begin along the entire perimeter of the Dagestan-Chechen border."

Attack on Dagestan

Militant invasion of Dagestan, also known as Dagestan war(actually considered the beginning Second Chechen campaign), - armed clashes that accompanied the entry of those based on the territory Chechnya detachments "Islamic peacekeeping brigade" commanded by Shamil Basaeva and Khattaba to the territory Dagestan August 7 - September 14, 1999 Initially, militant units entered Botlikh(operation "ImamGhazi Muhammad » - August 7-23), and then in Novolaksky district Dagestan(operation "ImamGamzat-bek » - September 5-14).

According to Russian military sources, the number of gangs ranged from 1,500 to 2,000 militants. Most of the militants were processed in terrorist center "Kavkaz" and in the camp of the Urus-Martan jamaat. Part of the inhabitants Dagestan supported the gangs.

The leader of the gangs was a well-known Chechen terrorist, Amir Congress of the Peoples of Ichkeria and Dagestan, Divisional General of the Armed Forces of the CRI Shamil Basaev, and his closest assistant was the head of the terrorist center "Caucasus", Colonel of the Armed Forces of the ChRI Khattab. Russian sources reported that gangs also participated in the invasion of Dagestan Vahi Arsanova , Ruslana Gelaeva , Arbi Baraeva and Khunkara Israpilova, however, from independent sources, only the participation of Baraev's gang is confirmed " IPON ».

The religious leader of the invasion was Bagautdin Kebedov, which since autumn 1998 lived on the territory of Ichkeria. The political leadership was taken over by the so-called. "Islamic shura of Dagestan", which included Sirazhudin Ramazanov, Magomed Tagaev, Nadirshah Khachilaev , Adallo Aliyev, Ahmad Sardali, Magomed Kuramagomedov and others

Bagautdin Kebedov

• August 7 - September 14 - from the territory of the CRI, detachments of field commanders Shamil Basayev and Khattab invaded the territory of Dagestan. Fierce fighting continued for more than a month. The official government of the CRI, unable to control the actions of various armed groups on the territory of Chechnya, dissociated itself from the actions of Shamil Basayev, but did not take practical actions against him.
• August 12 - Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation I. Zubov said that a letter was sent to the President of the CRI Maskhadov with a proposal to conduct a joint operation with the federal troops against the Islamists in Dagestan.
• August 13 - Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin announced that "strike will be delivered against bases and concentrations of militants, regardless of their location, including on the territory of Chechnya."
• August 16 - CRI President Aslan Maskhadov introduced martial law in Chechnya for a period of 30 days, announced a partial mobilization of reservists and participants in the First Chechen War.

Air bombardments of Chechnya

• August 25 - Russian aviation strikes militant bases in the Vedeno Gorge of Chechnya. In response to an official protest from the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, the command of the federal forces declares that it "reserves the right to strike at militant bases on the territory of any North Caucasian region, including Chechnya."
• September 4 - 16 - explosions of residential buildings in Buynaksk, Moscow and Volgodonsk
• September 6 - 18 - Russian aviation inflicts numerous missile and bomb strikes on military camps and fortifications of militants in Chechnya.

• September 11 - Maskhadov announced a general mobilization in Chechnya.
• September 14 — V. Putin declared that “the Khasavyurt agreements should be subjected to an impartial analysis”, as well as “temporary introduction of strict quarantine” along the entire perimeter of Chechnya.
• September 18 - Russian troops block the border of Chechnya from Dagestan, Stavropol Territory, North Ossetia and Ingushetia.
• September 23 - Russian aviation began bombing the capital of Chechnya and its environs. As a result, several electrical substations, a number of oil and gas plants, the Grozny mobile communications center, a television and radio broadcasting center, and an An-2 aircraft were destroyed. The press service of the Russian Air Force stated that "aircraft will continue to strike targets that the gangs can use to their advantage."
• September 27 — Prime Minister of Russia V. Putin categorically rejected the possibility of a meeting between the President of Russia and the head of the CRI. "There will be no meetings to let the militants lick their wounds," he said.

Start of ground operation

• September 30 - Vladimir Putin in an interview with journalists promised that there would be no new Chechen war. He also stated that “Combat operations are already underway, our troops entered the territory of Chechnya several times, already two weeks ago they occupied the dominant heights, liberated them, and so on”. As Putin said, “We need to be patient and do this job - completely clear the territory of terrorists. If this work is not done today, they will return, and all the sacrifices made will be in vain.. On the same day, armored units of the Russian army from the Stavropol Territory and Dagestan entered the territory of the Naursky and Shelkovsky regions of Chechnya.
• October 4 - at a meeting of the military council of the CRI, it was decided to form three directions to repel the blows of federal forces. The western direction was headed by Ruslan Gelaev, the eastern direction by Shamil Basaev, and the central direction by Magomed Khambiev.

M. Khambiev

• October 6 - in accordance with the decree of Maskhadov, martial law began to operate in Chechnya. Maskhadov proposed to all the religious leaders of Chechnya to declare a holy war on Russia - gazavat.
• October 15 - the troops of the Western group of General Vladimir Shamanov entered Chechnya from Ingushetia.

V. Shamanov

• October 16 - Federal forces occupied a third of the territory of Chechnya north of the Terek River and began the implementation of the second stage of the anti-terrorist operation, the main goal of which is the destruction of gangs in the remaining territory of Chechnya.
• October 18 - Russian troops crossed the Terek.
• October 21 - Federal forces launched a missile attack on the central market of the city of Grozny, as a result of which 140 civilians were killed.
• November 11 - the field commanders, the Yamadayev brothers, and the Mufti of Chechnya, Akhmat Kadyrov, surrendered Gudermes to the federal forces.
• November 16 - Federal forces took control of the village of Novy Shatoy.
• November 17 - the first major losses of federal forces since the beginning of the campaign. Under Vedeno, the reconnaissance group of the 31st separate airborne brigade was lost (12 dead, 2 prisoners).
• November 18 - According to the NTV television company, federal forces took control of the regional center of Achkhoy-Martan "without firing a shot."
• November 25 - CRI President Maskhadov turned to Russian soldiers fighting in the North Caucasus with a proposal to surrender and go over to the side of the militants.
• December 7 - Federal forces occupied Argun.
• By December 1999, federal forces controlled the entire flat part of Chechnya. The militants concentrated in the mountains (about 3,000 people) and in Grozny.
• December 8 - Federal forces began the assault on Urus-Martan
• December 14 - Federal forces occupied Khankala
• December 17 - a large landing of federal forces blocked the road connecting Chechnya with the village of Shatili (Georgia).
• December 26, 1999 - February 6, 2000 - the siege of Grozny

3.2. 2000

• January 5 - Federal forces took control of the regional center of Nozhai-Yurt.
• January 9 - a breakthrough of militants in Shali and Argun. The control of the federal forces over Shali was restored on January 11, over Argun on January 13.
• January 11 - Federal forces took control of the regional center of Vedeno
• January 27 - Field commander Isa Astamirov, deputy commander of the southwestern militant front, was killed during the battles for Grozny.
• February 4 - 7-8 o'clock in the morning, the bombing of the peaceful village (with a population of 25,000 people together with refugees) Katyr-Yurt began.
  From February 4 to February 11, the bombing of a small village lasted. About 450 people died, about a thousand were injured. Many cases have been won and many more are pending before the European Court.
• February 5 - during a breakthrough from Grozny, besieged by federal troops, the well-known field commander Khunker Israpilov died in minefields.
• February 9 - Federal troops blocked an important militant resistance center - the village of Serzhen-Yurt, and in the Argun Gorge, so famous since the time of the Caucasian War, 380 military personnel landed and occupied one of the dominant heights. Federal troops blockaded more than three thousand militants in the Argun Gorge, and then methodically processed them with volumetric detonating ammunition.

• February 10 - federal forces took control of the regional center of Itum-Kale and the village of Serzhen-Yurt
• February 21 - 33 Russian servicemen, mostly from the GRU special forces unit, were killed in a battle in the Kharsenoy area.
• February 29 - the capture of Shatoi. Maskhadov, Khattab and Basayev left the encirclement again. Colonel-General Gennady Troshev, First Deputy Commander of the United Group of Federal Forces, announced the end of a full-scale military operation in Chechnya.
• February 28 - March 2 - Battle at height 776 - a breakthrough of militants (Khattab) through Ulus-Kert. The death of paratroopers of the 6th parachute company of the 104th regiment.

The battle in the Argun Gorge during the second Chechen war, when an entire company of Pskov paratroopers was killed

Argun Gorge

Before the fight

Today in Russia is another tragic date...

Today in Russia is another tragic date - February 29 2000 in Chechnya at height 776 (in the Argun Gorge) in a fierce battle with Chechen fighters, the 6th company of the 104th regiment of the 76th Pskov Airborne Division was killed. Of the ninety paratroopers who fought against the superior forces of the terrorists, 84 were killed, including 13 officers. They did not flinch, did not retreat, they fulfilled their military duty to the end, stopping the advance of the bandit formation.

Then, in February 2000, the military phase - an important stage - of the second Chechen war was ending. After the fall of Grozny and Shatoi (the last large settlements of Chechnya that remained in the hands of the militants), according to the federal command, the defeated militants were to be divided into small detachments and dispersed over the mountain bases. However, the militants concentrated. Most of their commanders, including Sh.Basaev and Khattab, proposed to break through in a northeasterly direction, towards the Dagestan border. One of the most obvious retreat routes was the Argun Gorge. In total, according to various sources, from 1.5 to 2.5 thousand well-trained militants were then concentrated in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe village of Ulus-Kert.

On the part of the federal troops, to cover this direction, among other units, the 6th company was sent - a combined detachment of paratroopers under the command of the guard Lieutenant Colonel M. Evtyukhin, who was tasked with taking a line four kilometers southeast of Ulus-Kert, with the aim of prevent a possible breakthrough of militants in the direction of Vedeno.

The 6th company entrenched itself on the dominant height of 776. But the militants went ahead. The battle near Ulus-Kert began on February 29, 2000 and continued throughout the next day. Although the paratroopers did not receive any help, except for the breakthrough of 10 scouts of the 4th company and fire support for artillery units, they fought to the death. Artillerymen "worked" on the heights all night. On the morning of March 1, hand-to-hand fights began, and at a critical moment, Lieutenant Colonel Yevtyukhin called in artillery fire: “On yourself!” On March 2, the remaining militants were scattered by an air-artillery raid.

The fighters of the 1st company of the 1st battalion also sought to help their comrades. But during the crossing of the Abazulgol River, they were ambushed and were forced to gain a foothold on the shore. Only on the morning of March 2 did they manage to break through, but it was too late - the 6th company was killed, only 6 fighters survived. According to the federal forces, the losses of militants ranged from 400 to 700 people. The remaining militants managed to break out of the Argun Gorge. They went to the mountains and disappeared. Later, some field commanders were killed.

The death of the paratroopers, left without help and cut off from reinforcements, caused a large number of questions from the public and relatives of the victims to the authorities and military command. According to many military analysts and media representatives, the death of the 6th company was caused by a number of mistakes and miscalculations by the Russian command.

August 2, 2000, on the day of the 70th anniversary of the Airborne Forces, President of the Russian Federation V.Putin came to the Pskov division and personally apologized to the relatives of the dead for "gross miscalculations that have to be paid for with the lives of Russian soldiers", pleading guilty to the Kremlin. But even years later, neither the president nor the military prosecutor's office explained who exactly made these gross miscalculations, paid for by soldiers' lives.

Monument to the 6th company in Pskov

Subsequently, all the dead paratroopers were forever listed in the lists of the 104th Guards Regiment. By decree of the President of the Russian Federation, 22 paratroopers were awarded the title of Hero of Russia (21 posthumously), and 68 were awarded the Order of Courage (63 posthumously). All of them are guys from 47 republics, territories and regions of Russia and republics of the near abroad.

The films “I have the Honor”, ​​“Breakthrough”, “Russian Victim”, the musical “Warriors of the Spirit”, the books “Rota”, “Breakthrough”, “Step into Immortality”, songs are dedicated to the memory of the Pskov paratroopers. The streets of their native cities are named in their honor, memorial plaques have been installed in the educational institutions where the hero paratroopers studied. They erected monuments in Moscow and Pskov.

However, the anniversary of this fight is not usually celebrated officially. Commemorative events in the last days of February - early March are held, as a rule, by the efforts of public organizations and relatives.

Paratroopers of the 6th company of the 104th regiment of the 76th Pskov Guards Airborne Division who died heroically in the Argun Gorge on February 29 and March 1, 2000:

Guard Captain Romanov Viktor Viktorovich
Guards Senior Lieutenant Andrey Panov
Guards Senior Lieutenant Vorobyov Alexey Vladimirovich
Guard Lieutenant Yermakov Oleg Viktorovich
Guard Lieutenant Kozhemyakin Dmitry Sergeevich
Guard Major Dostavalov Alexander Vasilyevich
Guard Lieutenant Colonel Evtyukhin Mark Nikolaevich
Guards Private Shevchenko Denis Petrovich
Guards Private Zinkevich Denis Nikolaevich
Guards Sergeant Grigoriev Dmitry Viktorovich
Guards Private Arkhipov Vladimir Vladimirovich
Guards Private Shikov Sergei Alexandrovich
Guards junior sergeant Vladimir Shvetsov
Guards Private Travin Mikhail Vitalievich
Guards Private Islentiev Vladimir Anatolyevich
Guard Private Ivanov Dmitry Ivanovich
Guards Senior Lieutenant Kolgatin Alexander Mikhailovich,
Guards Private Alexey Nikolaevich Vorobyov,
Guards Senior Lieutenant Andrey Nikolaevich Sherstyannikov
Guard Private Khrabrov Alexey Alexandrovich
Guard Captain Sokolov Roman Vladimirovich,
Guards Private Nishchenko Alexey Sergeevich
Guard Lieutenant Ryazantsev Alexander Nikolaevich,
Guard Corporal Lebedev Alexander Vladislavovich
Guards Senior Lieutenant Petrov Dmitry Vladimirovich
Guards Private Karoteev Alexander Vladimirovich
Guards senior sergeant Medvedev Sergey Yurievich
Guards Private Mikhailov Sergey Anatolyevich,
Guards Private Shukaev Alexey Borisovich,
Guards Private Trubenok Alexander Leonidovich
Guards Private Nekrasov Alexey Anatolyevich
Guards Private Kiryanov Alexey Valerievich
Guard Senior Sergeant Siraev Rustam Flaridovich,
Guard Private Savin Valentin Ivanovich,
Guards Private Grudinsky Stanislav Igorevich,
Guards junior sergeant Khvorostukhin Igor Sergeevich,
Guards junior sergeant Krivushev Konstantin Valerievich,
Guards Private Piskunov Roman Sergeevich,
Guards Private Batretdinov Dmitry Mansurovich,
Guards Private Timoshinin Konstantin Viktorovich,
Guards junior sergeant Lyashkov Yuri Nikolaevich,
Guards Private Zaitsev Andrey Yurievich,
Guards Private Sudakov Roman Valerievich,
Guards Private Ivanov Yaroslav Sergeevich
Guards Private Chugunov Vadim Vladimirovich
Guards Private Erdyakov Roman Sergeevich,
Guards Private Pakhomov Roman Aleksandrovich
Guards junior sergeant Zhukov Sergey Valerievich,.
Guards Private Alexandrov Vladimir Andreevich,.
Guards junior sergeant Shchemlev Dmitry Sergeevich,
Guards Sergeant Kuptsov Vladimir Ivanovich,
Guards junior sergeant Vladislav Anatolievich Duhin,
Guards junior sergeant Vasiliev Alexey Yurievich,
Guards junior sergeant Khamatov Evgeny Kamitovich,
Guards Private Shalaev Nikolai Vasilievich,
Guards Private Lebedev Viktor Nikolaevich,
Guards Private Zagoraev Mikhail Vyacheslavovich.
Guards junior sergeant Denis Sergeyevich Strebin,
Guards Private Timashev Denis Vladimirovich,
Guards junior sergeant Pavlov Ivan Gennadievich
Guards Private Tregubov Denis Alexandrovich,
Guards junior sergeant Sergey Olegovich Kozlov,
Guards Private Vasilev Sergey Vladimirovich,
Guards Private Ambetov Nikolai Kamitovich,
Guard Corporal Sokovanov Vasily Nikolaevich,
Guards junior sergeant Sergey Alekseevich Ivanov,
Guards Private Izyumov Vladimir Nikolaevich,
Guards senior sergeant Andrey Vladimirovich Aranson,.
Guards Private Story Alexey Vasilievich,
Guards junior sergeant Eliseev Vladimir Sergeevich
Guard Corporal Gerdt Alexander Alexandrovich,
Guards Private Kuatbaev Galim Mukhambetovich,
Guards Private Biryukov Vladimir Ivanovich,
Guards Private Isaev Alexander Dmitrievich,
Guards junior sergeant Afanasiev Roman Sergeevich,
Guards Private Belykh Denis Igorevich,
Guards junior sergeant Bakulin Sergey Mikhailovich,
Guards Junior Sergeant Evdokimov Mikhail Vladimirovich,
Guards Sergeant Isakov Evgeny Valerievich,
Guards Private Kenzhiev Amangeldy Amantaevich,
Guards Private Popov Igor Mikhailovich,
Guards Sergeant Komyagin Alexander Valerievich

• March 2 - the tragic death of the Sergiev Posad riot police as a result of "friendly fire" *
• March 5 - 20 - Battle for the village of Komsomolskoye

The battle for the village of Komsomolskoye (2000) is an episode of the Second Chechen War, when federal forces (commanded by Colonel General Mikhail Labunets) surrounded a large formation of Chechen fighters (retreated from the fallen Grozny in February 2000), under the command of field commander R. Gelaev) in his native village of Komsomolskoye (Saadi-Kotar) (Urus-Martan district) and carried out an operation to block and destroy it. During the hostilities in the village, at least 552 people were killed, of which about 350 died while trying to break out of the encirclement. In addition, more than 70 were taken prisoner (mostly wounded and shell-shocked). The federal side also suffered losses. According to unconfirmed reports, more than 50 servicemen of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Defense Ministry were killed and more than 300 were injured. The detachment of the commander Seifulla (about 300 people) responded to Gelaev's calls for help, but even on the way to the village was destroyed by air fire and artillery. Gelaev and several groups of militants still managed to break through the encirclement and withdraw to the territory of Georgia (to the Pankisi Gorge). During the storming of the village, Pinocchio installations were used.

According to Gennady Troshev, the commander of the federal troops during the hostilities, "the active phase of hostilities in Chechnya has practically ended with the operation in Komsomolskoye."

• March 12 - in the village of Novogroznensky, the terrorist Salman Raduev was captured by the FSB and brought to Moscow, later sentenced to life imprisonment and died in prison.
• March 19 - in the area of ​​​​the village of Duba-Yurt, FSB officers detained a Chechen field commander Salautdin Temirbulatov, nicknamed Tractor Driver, who was subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment.
• March 20 - On the eve of the presidential elections, Vladimir Putin paid a visit to Chechnya. He arrived in Grozny on a Su-27UB fighter piloted by the head of the Lipetsk Aviation Center Alexander Kharchevsky.
• March 29 - the death of the Perm OMON near the village of Dzhanei-Vedeno. More than 40 people died.
• April 20 - Colonel-General Valery Manilov, First Deputy Chief of the General Staff, announced the end of the military unit of the counter-terrorist operation in Chechnya and the transition to special operations.
• May 19 - Deputy Minister of Sharia Security of the CRI, Abu Movsaev, was killed.
• May 21 - in the city of Shali, special services detained (in their own house) one of Aslan Maskhadov's closest accomplices - field commander Ruslan Alikhadzhiev.
• June 11 - by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Akhmat Kadyrov is appointed head of the administration of Chechnya
• July 2 - More than 30 policemen and military personnel of the federal forces were killed as a result of a series of terrorist attacks using truck bombs. The greatest losses were suffered by the employees of the Central Internal Affairs Directorate of the Chelyabinsk region in Argun.
• October 1 - Field commander Isa Munaev was killed during a military clash in the Staropromyslovsky district of Grozny.
• 3.3. 2001
• June 23-24 - in the village of Alkhan-kala, a special combined detachment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB conducted a special operation to eliminate a detachment of militants of field commander Arbi Baraev. 16 militants were killed, including Barayev himself.
• July 11 - in the village of Mayrtup, Shali district of Chechnya, Khattab's assistant Abu Umar was killed during a special operation by the FSB and the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.
• August 25 - in the city of Argun, during a special operation by the FSB, field commander Movsan Suleimenov, the nephew of Arbi Barayev, was killed.
• September 17 - an attack by militants (300 people) on Gudermes, the attack was repulsed. As a result of the use of the Tochka-U missile system, a group of more than 100 people was destroyed. In Grozny, a Mi-8 helicopter with a commission of the General Staff on board was shot down (2 generals and 8 officers were killed).
• November 3 - during a special operation, the influential field commander Shamil Iriskhanov, who was part of Basayev's inner circle, was killed.
• December 15 - in Argun, during a special operation, federal forces killed 20 militants.

3.4. 2002

• January 27 - Mi-8 helicopter was shot down in the Shelkovsky district of Chechnya. Among the dead were Lieutenant General Mikhail Rudchenko, Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, and Major General Nikolai Goridov, Commander of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Chechnya.
• March 20 - as a result of a special operation by the FSB, the terrorist Khattab was killed by poisoning.

• April 14 - MTL-B was blown up in Vedeno, in which there were sappers, cover submachine gunners, and an FSB officer. Undermining occurred as a result of false information passed among the population about the poisoning of a water source by militants. 6 soldiers were killed, 4 were injured. FSB officer among the dead
• April 18 - In his Address to the Federal Assembly, President Vladimir Putin announced the end of the military stage of the conflict in Chechnya.
• May 9 - A terrorist attack occurred in Dagestan during the celebration of Victory Day. 43 people died, more than 100 were injured.
• August 19 - Chechen fighters from the Igla MANPADS shot down a Russian Mi-26 military transport helicopter near the Khankala military base. Of the 147 people on board, 127 were killed.
• September 23 - Raid on Ingushetia (2002)
• October 23 - 26 - hostage-taking in the theater center on Dubrovka in Moscow, 129 hostages were killed. All 44 terrorists were killed, including Movsar Baraev.

October 23, 2002 at 21:15 armed men in camouflage broke into the building of the Theater Center on Dubrovka. At that time, the musical "Nord-Ost" was going on in the Palace of Culture, there were more than 700 people in the hall. The terrorists declared all people - spectators and theater workers - hostages and began to mine the building.

At 10 pm it became known that the theater building was seized by a detachment of Chechen fighters led by Movsar Baraev, among the terrorists there are female suicide bombers, hung with explosives.

Movsar Baraev

At 19:00 the next day, the Qatari TV channel Al-Jazeera showed the appeal of the militants of Movsar Barayev, recorded a few days before the capture of the Palace of Culture: the terrorists declare themselves to be suicide bombers and demand the withdrawal of Russian troops from Chechnya. From seven in the evening until midnight, unsuccessful attempts continued to persuade the militants to accept food and water for the hostages.

The talks were attended by State Duma deputy from Chechnya Aslambek Aslakhanov, Iosif Kobzon, British journalist Mark Franchetti, and two Red Cross doctors. On October 25, at one in the morning, the terrorists let Leonid Roshal, head of the emergency surgery and trauma department of the Center for Disaster Medicine, into the building. He brought medicines to the hostages and provided them with first aid.

In the morning, a spontaneous rally arose near the cordon next to the recreation center. Relatives and friends of the hostages demanded that all the demands of the terrorists be met. At 3 pm in the Kremlin, Russian President Vladimir Putin held a meeting with the heads of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB. Following the meeting, FSB director Nikolai Patrushev said that the authorities were ready to save the lives of the terrorists if they released all the hostages.

On October 26, at 5:30 am, three explosions and several automatic bursts were heard near the building of the Palace of Culture. At about six o'clock, the special forces began an assault, during which nerve gas was used. At half past seven in the morning, an official representative of the FSB reported that the Theater Center was under the control of special services, Movsar Baraev and most of the terrorists had been destroyed. The number of neutralized terrorists in the building of the Theater Center on Dubrovka was 50 people - 18 women and 32 men.

On November 7, 2002, the Moscow prosecutor's office published a list of citizens who died as a result of the actions of terrorists who seized the Theater Center on Dubrovka. This mournful list included 128 people: 120 Russians and 8 citizens from countries near and far abroad.

• December 27 - the explosion of the Government House in Grozny. More than 70 people were killed in the attack. Shamil Basayev claimed responsibility for the attack.

3.5. 2003

• May 12 - in the village of Znamenskoye, Nadterechny district of Chechnya, three suicide bombers carried out a terrorist attack in the area of ​​​​the administration buildings of the Nadterechny district and the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. The car "KamAZ", stuffed with explosives, demolished the barrier in front of the building and exploded. 60 people were killed, more than 250 were injured.
• May 14 - in the village of Ilskhan-Yurt, Gudermes region, a suicide bomber blew herself up in the crowd at the celebration of the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad, where Akhmat Kadyrov was present. 18 people were killed, 145 people were injured.
• July 5 - terrorist attack in Moscow at the rock festival "Wings". 16 people died, 57 were injured.
• August 1 - Undermining the military hospital in Mozdok. An army truck "KamAZ" loaded with explosives rammed the gate and exploded near the building. There was one suicide bomber in the cockpit. The death toll was 50 people.
• September 3 - a terrorist attack in the Kislovodsk-Minvody train on the Podkumok-White Coal stretch, the railway tracks were blown up using a landmine.
• December 5 - A suicide bombing attack on an electric train in Essentuki.
• December 9 - suicide attack near the National Hotel (Moscow).
• 2003-2004 - Raid on Dagestan by a detachment under the command of Ruslan Gelaev.

3.6. 2004

• February 6 - a terrorist attack in the Moscow metro, on the stretch between the stations "Avtozavodskaya" and "Paveletskaya". 39 people died, 122 were injured.
• February 28 - well-known field commander Ruslan Gelaev was mortally wounded during a skirmish with border guards
• April 16 - during the shelling of the mountain ranges of Chechnya, the leader of foreign mercenaries in Chechnya, Abu al-Walid al-Ghamidi, was killed
• May 9 - in Grozny at the Dynamo stadium, where the parade in honor of Victory Day was held, at 10:32 a powerful explosion thundered on the newly renovated VIP stand. At that moment, Chechen President Akhmat Kadyrov, Chairman of the State Council of the Chechen Republic Kh. Isaev, Commander of the Joint Group of Forces in the North Caucasus General V. Baranov, Chechen Interior Minister Alu Alkhanov and military commandant of the republic G. Fomenko were on it. 2 people died directly in the explosion, 4 more died in hospitals: Akhmat Kadyrov, Kh. Isaev, Reuters journalist A. Khasanov, a child (whose name was not given) and two Kadyrov's guards. In total, 63 people, including 5 children, were injured in the explosion in Grozny.
• May 17 - as a result of an explosion in the suburbs of Grozny, the crew of an armored personnel carrier of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was killed and several people were injured
• June 22 - Raid on Ingushetia
• July 12 - 13 - a large detachment of militants captured the village of Avtury, Shali district
• August 21 - 400 militants attacked Grozny. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Chechnya, 44 people were killed and 36 seriously injured.
• August 24 - Explosions of two Russian passenger airliners, killing 89 people.
• August 31 - terrorist attack near the metro station "Rizhskaya" in Moscow. 10 people were killed, more than 50 people were injured
• September 1 - a terrorist act in Beslan, as a result of which more than 350 people were killed from among the hostages, civilians and military personnel. Half of the dead are children.

On September 1, 2004, a group of masked armed men drove up to the building of School No. 1 in Beslan in several cars and, right from the school line, took 1,128 people hostage - children and their parents - driving them into the school gym.

The terrorists were armed with at least 20 Kalashnikov assault rifles of various modifications, including those with underbarrel grenade launchers; 2 Kalashnikov light machine guns (RPK - 74); 2 modernized Kalashnikov machine guns (PKM); 1 machine gun Kalashnikov tank (PKT); 2 hand-held anti-tank grenade launchers (RPG-7v) and Mukha grenade launchers; explosive devices: two improvised explosive devices similar in design, made using explosives - plastite and hexogen, ready-made submunitions - metal balls, electric detonators, with a radius of destruction of at least 200 m, at least six improvised explosive devices made on the basis of anti-personnel fragmentation mines of circular destruction OZM-72 of industrial production with improvised modifications, as well as the so-called "suicide belts" - improvised explosive devices.

The terrorists demanded from the authorities the release of the militants previously detained on suspicion of participating in the attack on Ingushetia on June 21-22, 2004, and the withdrawal of Russian troops from Chechnya. They also demanded that President of Ingushetia Murat Zyazikov, President of North Ossetia Alexander Dzasokhov and pediatrician Leonid Roshal, who took part in the talks during the terrorist attack on Dubrovka in October 2002, come to talks with them. At the same time, the terrorists threatened to blow up the school building in the event of a storm and to kill 50 hostages for each liquidated terrorist. The prosecutor of Beslan and the mufti of North Ossetia volunteered to act as negotiators, but the terrorists did not let them into the school building.

On the first day, the terrorists shot 12 (according to other sources - 14) men who were among the hostages.

On the night of September 2, terrorists negotiated with Dr. Roshal. Representatives of the special services told the terrorists that they were ready to give them the opportunity to safely leave for Ingushetia and Chechnya. In addition, it was proposed to replace the hostages-children with adults. There was no response to these proposals, the terrorists also refused to accept food and medicine for the hostages.

On September 2, former President of Ingushetia Ruslan Aushev visited the seized school. At his request, the militants released a group of 26 hostages (mothers with infants). Then, at the headquarters, Aushev and Alexander Dzasokhov contacted Akhmed Zakayev by phone with a request that he contact Aslan Maskhadov and ask him to fly to Beslan and enter into negotiations with the terrorists. The latter agreed in principle, stating, however, that his connection with Maskhadov was one-sided. On September 3, at 12:00, Zakaev informs Dzasokhov of Maskhadov's consent (subject to providing Maskhadov with security guarantees) to arrive in Beslan (no guarantees were provided). Zakayev informed Dzasokhov about the conversation that had taken place with Maskhadov and about his and Maskhadov's readiness to immediately arrive in Beslan and release the hostages "on any terms," ​​however, demanding security guarantees. Dzasokhov replied that "our conversation is an invitation to talk about it." Zakaev expressed his readiness to fly out immediately, but Dzasokhov asked him to call back in one and a half (according to other sources, two) hours, which he needed to resolve the technical issues of the arrival of Zakaev and Maskhadov. However, Zakayev did not call back, because an hour after the conversation, explosions were heard at the school and an assault began.

At 12:40, the operational headquarters managed to agree with the terrorists on the evacuation of the bodies of the killed hostages from the school. At 12:55, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations move to the school to pick up the bodies of the dead. At 13:03-13:05, two explosions were heard in the school building, hostages began to run out of the school. After that, special forces of the Russian army and the FSB launched an assault. As a result of the assault, both the terrorists and the attackers suffered losses (10 commandos died). Losses among the hostages: 331 dead, about 500 wounded.

3.7. 2005

• February 18 - as a result of a special operation in the Oktyabrsky district of Grozny, the forces of the PPS-2 detachment destroyed the "Emir of Grozny" Yunadi Turchaev, the "right hand" of one of the leaders of the terrorists, Doku Umarov.
• March 8 - during a special operation of the FSB in the village of Tolstoy-Yurt, the president of the CRI, Aslan Maskhadov, was liquidated
• May 15 - Vakha Arsanov, former vice-president of the CRI, was killed in Grozny. Arsanov and his accomplices, being in a private house, fired at a police patrol and were destroyed by the arriving reinforcements.
• May 15 - Rasul Tambulatov (Volchek) "Emir" of the Shelkovsky District of the Chechen Republic was killed as a result of a special operation by the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Dubov forest of the Shelkovsky District.
• October 13 - Militants attack the city of Nalchik (Kabardino-Balkaria), as a result of which, according to the Russian authorities, 12 civilians and 35 law enforcement officers were killed. Destroyed, according to various sources, from 40 to 124 militants.

3.8. 2006

• January 3-5 - in the Untsukulsky district of Dagestan, the forces of federal and local security forces are trying to eliminate a gang of 8 militants under the command of field commander O. Sheikhulaev. According to official information, 5 militants were killed, the terrorists themselves admit the death of only one. The losses of the federal forces amounted to 1 killed, 10 wounded.
• January 31 - Russian President Vladimir Putin said at a press conference that at present we can talk about the end of the counter-terrorist operation in Chechnya.
• February 9-11 - in the village of Tukui-Mekteb in the Stavropol Territory, 12 militants of the so-called. "Nogai battalion of the Armed Forces of the CRI", federal forces lost 7 people killed. During the operation, the federal side actively uses helicopters and tanks.
• March 28 - in Chechnya, the former head of the state security department of the CRI, Sultan Gelishanov, voluntarily surrendered to the authorities.
• June 16 - "President of the CRI" Abdul-Khalim Sadulaev was killed in Argun

• July 4 - A military convoy was attacked in Chechnya near the village of Avtury in the Shali region. Representatives of the federal forces report 6 killed servicemen, militants - more than 20.
• July 9 - The website of Chechen militants "Kavkaz-Center" announced the creation of the Ural and Volga fronts as part of the CRI Armed Forces.
• July 10 - in Ingushetia, one of the leaders of the terrorists, Shamil Basayev, was killed as a result of a special operation (according to other sources, he died due to careless handling of explosives).
• July 12 - On the border of Chechnya and Dagestan, the police of both republics destroy a relatively large, but poorly armed gang, consisting of 15 militants. 13 bandits were killed, 2 more were detained.
• August 23 - Chechen fighters attacked a military convoy on the Grozny-Shatoy highway, not far from the entrance to the Argun Gorge. The column consisted of a Ural vehicle and two escort armored personnel carriers. According to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Chechen Republic, four servicemen of the federal forces were wounded as a result.
• November 7 - Seven riot police from Mordovia were killed in Chechnya.
• November 26 - The leader of foreign mercenaries in Chechnya, Abu Hafs al-Urdani, was killed in Khasavyurt. Together with him, 4 more militants were killed.

3.9. 2007

• April 4 - in the vicinity of the village of Agish-batoy, Vedeno district of Chechnya, one of the most influential militant leaders, commander of the Eastern Front of the CRI, Suleiman Ilmurzaev (call sign "Khairulla"), who was involved in the assassination of Chechen President Akhmat Kadyrov, was killed.
• On June 13, in the Vedeno district, on the Upper Kurchali-Belgata highway, militants shot down a convoy of police cars.
• July 23 - battle near the village of Tazen-Kale, Vedensky district, between Sulim Yamadayev's Vostok battalion and a detachment of Chechen fighters led by Doku Umarov. It is reported about the death of 6 militants.

• September 18 - as a result of a counter-terrorist operation in the village of Novy Sulak, the “Amir Rabbani” - Rappani Khalilov, was destroyed.

3.10. 2008

• January - during special operations in Makhachkala and the Tabasaran region of Dagestan, at least 9 militants were destroyed, and 6 of them were part of the group of field commander I. Mallochiev. There were no casualties on the part of the security forces in these clashes. At the same time, during the clashes in Grozny, the Chechen police destroyed 5 militants, among them was field commander U. Techiev, the “emir” of the capital of Chechnya.
• May 5 - a military vehicle was blown up by a landmine in the suburb of Grozny, the village of Tashkola. 5 policemen were killed, 2 were wounded.
• June 13 - night raid of militants in the village of Benoy-Vedeno
• September 2008 - the major leaders of the Dagestan illegal armed formations, Ilgar Mallochiev and A. Gudaev, were killed, up to 10 militants in total.
• December 18 - a battle in the city of Argun, 2 policemen were killed and 6 wounded. One person was killed by militants in Argun.
• December 23-25 ​​- a special operation of the FSB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the village of Upper Alkun in Ingushetia. The field commander Vakha Dzhenaraliev, who had been fighting against the federal troops in Chechnya and Ingushetia since 1999, and his deputy Khamkhoev were killed, a total of 12 militants were killed. 4 bases of illegal armed formations have been liquidated.
• June 19 - Said Buryatsky announced his accession to the underground.

3.11. 2009

• March 21-22 - a major special operation of the security forces in Dagestan. As a result of heavy fighting using helicopters and armored vehicles, the forces of the local Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB, with the support of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, liquidate 12 militants in the Untsukulsky district of the republic. The losses of the federal troops are 5 people killed (two servicemen of the special forces of the VV later received the title of Hero of Russia posthumously for participating in these hostilities). At the same time, in Makhachkala, the police destroy 4 more armed extremists in battle.
• April 15 - the last day of the counter-terrorist operation regime
• 4. Aggravation of the situation in the North Caucasus in 2009

Despite the official cancellation of the counterterrorist operation on April 16, 2009, the situation in the region has not become calmer, rather the opposite. The militants leading the guerrilla war have become more active, and cases of terrorist acts have become more frequent. Since the autumn of 2009, a number of major special operations have been carried out to eliminate gangs and militant leaders. In response, a series of terrorist attacks were carried out, including, for the first time in a long time, in Moscow.

Combat clashes, terrorist attacks and police operations are actively taking place not only on the territory of Chechnya, but also on the territory of Ingushetia, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. In some territories, the CTO regime was repeatedly temporarily introduced.

Starting from May 15, 2009, Russian power structures stepped up operations against militant groups in the mountainous regions of Ingushetia, Chechnya and Dagestan, which caused a reciprocal intensification of terrorist activity on the part of the militants. At the end of July 2010, there are all signs of an escalation of the conflict and its spread to nearby regions.

On September 30, 2015, Russia launched a military campaign in Syria. After the end of World War II, the USSR and then Russia participated in dozens of military operations in which they suffered losses. From China and Cuba to Angola and Czechoslovakia - where and what the Russian armed forces have achieved - in the special project "Kommersant"

In early August 1999, armed clashes broke out on the border between Dagestan and Chechnya. On August 7, more than 400 gangs under the leadership of field commanders Shamil Basayev and Khattab invaded the territory of the Botlikh region of Dagestan from Chechnya. The fighting continued until the end of August, after which the federal forces began an assault on the Wahhabi villages of Karamakhi, Chabanmakhi and Kadar in Dagestan.
On the night of September 5, about 2,000 extremists crossed the Chechen-Dagestan border again. Fighting in Dagestan continued until 15 September. By the end of September, up to 90 thousand soldiers, about 400 tanks, were concentrated on the border with Chechnya. The commander of the joint grouping of federal forces was Colonel-General Viktor Kazantsev. The forces of the separatists were estimated at 15-20 thousand militants, up to 30 tanks and 100 armored vehicles.

On October 2, 1999, Russian troops entered Chechnya. They managed to occupy the northern part of Chechnya with minimal losses, to take control of the cities of Urus-Martan and Gudermes without a fight.

On December 22, Russian border guards and airborne units landed in the south of the Argun Gorge, blocking the way to Georgia. The assault on Grozny took place in December 1999-January 2000.

On February 1–3, as part of the “Wolf Hunt” operation, militant groups were lured out of the Chechen capital and sent to minefields with the help of disinformation (the loss of militants amounted to approximately 1,500 people).

The last major combined-arms operation was the destruction of a detachment of militants in the village of Komsomolskoye on March 2-15, 2000 (about 1,200 people were destroyed and taken prisoner). On April 20, Deputy Chief of the General Staff Valery Manilov said that the military part of the operation in Chechnya had been completed and now its “special part was being carried out - conducting special operations to complete the defeat of the remaining unfinished bandit formations.” It was announced that about 28,000 servicemen would be stationed in the republic on a permanent basis, including advanced units of the 42nd motorized rifle division, 2,700 border guards, and nine battalions of internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

In Moscow, they staked on the settlement of the conflict with the involvement of part of the local elites to their side. On June 12, 2000, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Akhmat Kadyrov, a former close associate of Maskhadov and the mufti of Ichkeria, was appointed head of the administration of the Chechen Republic.

Since the spring-summer of 2000, the militants switched to partisan actions: shelling, mining roads, terrorist attacks. Terrorist activity quickly spread beyond the borders of the republic. The militants took hostages at the musical Nord-Ost in Moscow, organized the blowing up of the government building in Grozny (2002), the explosion at the Wings rock festival in Tushino (2003), the explosions of suicide bombers in the Moscow metro and on board passenger planes (2004) .

On May 9, 2004, Akhmat Kadyrov was killed in an explosion at the Dynamo stadium in Grozny.
Interview of Vladimir Putin with Sergey Dorenko (1999)
On September 1, 2004, the loudest terrorist act in Russian history was committed - the capture of more than 1 thousand hostages at a school in Beslan. The attack killed 334 people.

On October 13, 2005, the militants made their last major sortie - up to 200 people attacked 13 objects in Nalchik, including the airport, FSB and police buildings. 95 militants were killed, 71 were detained over the next year.

On July 10, 2006, Shamil Basayev, who claimed responsibility for the attack on Nalchik and a number of high-profile terrorist attacks, was killed during a special operation by the FSB in Ingushetia. By that time, many separatist leaders had already been destroyed, including the President of Ichkeria, Aslan Maskhadov.

In 2007, Ramzan Kadyrov, the son of Akhmat Kadyrov, came to power in Chechnya.

From 00:00 hours on April 16, 2009, the regime of the counter-terrorist operation on the territory of the Chechen Republic was canceled. The report of the National Anti-Terrorism Committee said that from now on, measures to combat terrorism in Chechnya will be carried out by local law enforcement agencies, as in other regions of the country. This moment is considered the official end of the second Chechen war.

The total losses of power structures during the active phase of hostilities (from October 1999 to December 23, 2002) amounted to 4,572 dead and 15,549 wounded. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Defense, from 1999 to September 2008, 3,684 servicemen died in the line of duty in Chechnya. According to the main personnel department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the losses of internal troops in August 1999-August 2003 amounted to 1,055 people. Losses of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Chechnya, according to data for 2006, were estimated at 835 people killed. It was also reported that 202 FSB officers were killed in Chechnya in 1999-2002. The total losses of the Russian law enforcement agencies can be estimated at least 6 thousand people.

According to the headquarters of the United Forces, in 1999-2002, 15.5 thousand militants were destroyed. From 2002 to 2009, the security forces reported on the liquidation of about 2,100 more members of illegal armed groups: the main part in 2002 (600) and 2003 (700). Separatist leader Shamil Basayev in 2005 estimated militant losses at 3,600. In 2004, the human rights organization "Memorial" estimated civilian casualties at 10-20 thousand people, Amnesty International in 2007 - up to 25 thousand dead.

As a result of the second Chechen campaign, Russia managed to completely take control of the territory of the republic and ensure a government loyal to the center. At the same time, the terrorist organization “Imarat Kavkaz” was formed in the region, aiming to create an Islamist state on the territory of all the Caucasian republics of the Russian Federation. After 2009, the gang organized a number of major terrorist attacks in the country (explosions in the Moscow metro in 2010, at Domodedovo airport in 2011, at a railway station and in a trolleybus in Volgograd in 2013). The regime of the counter-terrorist operation is periodically introduced in the territories of the republics of the region.

Territory: Chechen Republic
Period: August 1999-April 2009
Duration: 9.5 years
Participants: Russia / Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Emarat Kavkaz
Involved forces of the USSR / Russia: a combined group of troops of up to 100 thousand people
Losses: more than 6 thousand people, of which 3.68 thousand military personnel of the Ministry of Defense (as of September 2008)
Supreme Commander: Boris Yeltsin
Conclusion: two Chechen wars helped to "pacify" Chechnya, but turned the entire North Caucasus into a powder keg