From the annals of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria. The meaning of the word ashur in the directory of characters and cult objects of Greek mythology See what "Ashur" is in other dictionaries
ASSHUR
Ashur - in the myths of the Akkadians, the patron god of the city of Ashur, then the supreme deity of the Assyrians, who received the titles and epithets of the Sumerian god Enlil. Assur's emblem is a winged solar disk. On the monuments of the 2nd - 1st millennium BC usually depicted as a god with a bow, half hidden by a winged solar disk, in the rays of which he seems to soar.
Ashur (Assur) - a city in Assyria (now the ruins of Kalat-Shergat in Iraq). At the end of the 3rd millennium - the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. Ashur was a city-state ruled by a ruler in conjunction with a council of elders. From the middle of the 2nd millennium it was the capital of Assyria (from the 9th century it ceased to be the residence of the king). In 614 destroyed by the Medes. Until the beginning of our era - a Parthian city. ill. see page 114.
Characters and cult objects Greek mythology. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what ASSHUR is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- ASSHUR in the Dictionary Index of Theosophical Concepts to the Secret Doctrine, Theosophical Dictionary:
- ASSHUR
(Chald.) City in Assyria; the ancient location of the library from which George Smith dug up the earliest known tablets, the origin of which he ... - ASSHUR in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
the main deity of the Assyrian pantheon, the patron god of the city of Ashur. With the growth of the political influence of the city, the god Ashur received the functions of a military deity, a judge god, a god ... - ASSHUR in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- ASSHUR in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Assur), a city of the 4th millennium - 614 BC, from the middle of the 2nd millennium the capital of Assyria (now the ruins of Kalat-Shargat in Iraq). … - ASSHUR in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ASHSHUR (Assur), a city of the 4th millennium - 614 BC, from ser. 2nd millennium the capital of Assyria (now the ruins of Kalat-Shargat in Iraq). Fortifications… - ASSHUR in Collier's Dictionary:
Assur, the capital of ancient Assyria, now ruins in the vicinity of Ash Sharkat in the central part of northern Iraq, the site of important archaeological finds. … - ASSHUR in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language.
- ASSHUR in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
(Assur), city of the 4th millennium - 614 BC e., from ser. 2nd millennium, the capital of Assyria (now the ruins of Kalat-Shargat in ... - ASSHUR (MYTHOL.)
in the beliefs of the ancient Assyrians, the supreme god, the patron of the Assyrian kings. Usually depicted in the form of a winged solar disk, from which the torso protrudes ... - ASSHUR (CITY IN ASSYRIA) in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
Assur, a city in Assyria (now the ruins of Qal'at-Shargat in Iraq). The oldest archaeological layers date back to the 4th millennium BC. e. … - THE GOD in the Newest Philosophical Dictionary:
sacred personification of the Absolute in religions of the theistic type: the supreme personality, attributed by the identity of essence and existence, higher intelligence, supernatural power and absolute ... - ASSYRIA in the Bible Dictionary:
- one of the most powerful, influential and longest kingdoms of antiquity. It was formed by the descendants of Assur in the upper reaches of the Tigris. The main… - BEL in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
I in Greek mythology, the king of Egypt, the son of Poseidon and the nymph Libya, the twin brother of Agenor (the father of Europe), the father of Egypt and Danae ... - ASSYRIA in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
Assyria is an ancient state in the Northern Mesopotamia (now the territory of Iraq). The core of Assyria was Ashur. By 2000 B.C. main ... - ANSHAR AND KISHAR in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
(Akkadian) in Akkadian mythology, deities belonging to the older generation of gods, the father (Anshar) and mother (Kishar) of the sky god Anu (Sumer. And ... - ADAD in the Directory of Characters and Cult Objects of Greek Mythology:
Addu (Akkadian), Ishkur (Sumerian), in Sumerian-Akkadian mythology, the god of thunder, storm, wind (his name is written with the sign "Im", "wind"), Ishkur is already mentioned ... - ANTIQUE COLONIES in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
ancient (lat. unit h. colonia, from colo - I cultivate, live, inhabit), settlements founded by ancient peoples in foreign lands. At the base… - HISTORICAL MUSEUMS in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
museums, scientific institutions that collect, store, study and popularize monuments of material and spiritual culture, reflecting the development of human society. Them. … - CITY in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
a large settlement, whose inhabitants are mainly employed in industry and trade, as well as in the areas of service, administration, science, and culture. …
Clay prism laid in the foundation of the temple, 30s of the 7th century. BC e. Language - literary Akkadian (Babylonian) with an admixture of Assyrianisms. Text: N. Winckler, Die. Keilschrifttexte Assurbanipals, (Sammtung von Keilschrifttexten. IU), R. M. 1, etc.
In my first campaign against Magan and Meluhkha (1) I truly went: Tarku (2), the king of Egypt and Ethiopia, whom Asshurakhiddin (3), my father, my creator, defeated, having taken possession of his country, - this Tarku forgot his power Asshura (4) and Ishtar (5), the great gods, my lords, and relied on my own strength. Against the kings and overseers appointed in Egypt by my father, my creator, he went to kill, plunder and [to] take Egypt. He entered Memphis (6), the city which my father, my creator, conquered and annexed to the borders of Assyria. The runner came to Nineveh and informed me. Because of these deeds, my heart was furious, my liver was inflamed. I raised my hands and prayed to Ashur and Ishtar of Assyria. I gathered my glorious troops, which were handed over to me by Ashur and Ishtar, and directed the path to Egypt and Ethiopia. During my campaign, 22 kings, slaves, subordinate to me on the seashore, in the middle of the sea and on land, brought me their heavy offerings and kissed my feet. These kings with their troops and ships by sea and by land, together with my soldiers, I sent by way and by road. In haste to help the kings and governors, who in Egypt were slaves subordinate to me, I quickly chased and reached Karbanitu (7).
Tarku, king of Egypt and Ethiopia, hearing of the approach of my campaign, gathered his fighters for battle, for battle and battle. With the help of Ashur, Bel (8) and Nabu (9), the great gods, my lords, marching at my side, in a battle in a wide field, I defeated his warriors. Tarku in Memphis heard of the defeat of his warriors, the radiance of Ashur and Ishtar seized him, and he became mad; the brilliance of my royalty covered him, with which the gods of heaven and earth adorned me. He left Memphis and fled to Thebes to save his soul. I took that city (that is, Memphis), brought my soldiers into it and settled there.
(A long list of rulers of individual cities in Egypt follows.)
These kings, governors and overseers, who were appointed in Egypt by my father, my creator, and who, before the onset of Tarku, left their posts and scattered in the steppe (literally: filled the steppe), I returned and appointed them to their places according to their posts. Egypt and Ethiopia, which my father, my creator, conquered, I took anew (10). I strengthened the security service of the former and concluded contracts. With much booty and many prisoners I returned to Nineveh.
Then these kings, all whom I appointed, sinned against the oath to me, did not keep the oaths of the great gods, forgot the good that I did to them, and their hearts planned evil. They spoke insidious speeches, advised themselves pernicious advice: "They will expel Tarka from Egypt - but as for us, how can we sit?" To Tarku, the king of Ethiopia, they sent their messengers to take the oath and [conclude] friendship: “Let friendship be established between us, and let us be in agreement with each other; let us divide the country among ourselves, and let there be no other ruler among us.” Against the soldiers of Assyria, the troops of my majesty, which I set up for a military alliance with them, they sought [to do] an evil deed. My trusted people heard these words, intercepted their messengers with messages and bound them hand and foot with iron bonds and iron shackles. The oath of Ashur, king of the gods, has overtaken them, for they have sinned against the oath; the great gods sought their goods in their hands, for I did good to them. And the people of Sais, Mendes, Tanis (11) (?) and other cities, all who were with them and plotted evil, from small to large, they threw down with weapons, not a single person was left of them; they hung their bodies on poles, flayed their skin, and covered the wall of the city with it. These kings, who were looking for [to do] evil against the soldiers of Assyria, they sent alive to me in Nineveh. Of these, I pardoned (12) Nike and revived his soul; I increased the oaths of the former and concluded with him [an oath agreement]. I dressed him in colorful clothes, put on him a golden chain (?), a sign of royalty, humiliated his fingers with golden rings, gave him an iron belt dagger with a golden frame, writing my name on it; chariots, horses, mules for the ride of his majesty, I gave him, my confidants, governors for a military alliance with him, I sent with him. Where the father, my creator, appointed him to the kingdom in Sais, I returned him to his place; and Nabushezibanni (13), his son, I appointed to Athribis (14). I did him more good and mercy than my father, my creator.
Tarku where he fled, the terror of the weapons of Ashur, my lord, seized him, and he died (literally: gone by the fate of his night). Then Tashdamane (15), the son of Shabaku (16), sat on the throne of his kingdom. Thebes and Heliopolis (17) he made his support, gathered his military forces. To fight with my warriors, the sons of Assyria, who were in Memphis, he gathered his fighting squads. These people he locked up and seized their exits. A quick messenger came to Nineveh and told me [about this].
In my second campaign, I directed my path to Egypt and Ethiopia. Tashdamane, having heard about the movement of my campaign - that I had entered the borders of Egypt - left Memphis and fled to Thebes to save his soul. The kings, governors, and overseers whom I appointed in Egypt came to me and kissed my feet. Following Tashdamane, I directed the path; he saw the onset of my strong battle, left Thebes and fled to Kipkipi (18). That city (i.e. Thebes), with the help of Ashur and Ishtar, captured my hands. Silver, gold, selected stones, all the wealth of his palace, colorful and linen clothes, large horses, people - men and women - 2 tall obelisks, a product made of pure gold alloy (19) weighing 2500 talents (20), standing at the gate temple, I uprooted them from their places and [all this] took to Assyria. I captured many captives without number from Thebes, made my weapons bitter to Egypt and Ethiopia, and confirmed [my] victory. With full hands I safely returned to Nineveh, the city of my dominion.
On my third campaign, I truly went to Ba "al, king of Tyre (21), who lives in the middle of the sea, who did not follow the orders of my royalty, did not listen to the words of my mouth. I erected fortifications against him, captured his ways on the sea and on land, I have shortened and shortened their breath, and bowed them under my yoke. I received from him his daughter and the daughters of his brothers with a rich dowry; I had mercy on him and returned his own son and gave it to him.
Yakinlu, the king of Arvad (23), who lived in the midst of the sea, did not bow before the kings, my fathers, bowed under my yoke; he sent his daughter with a rich dowry to me as a concubine in Nineveh and kissed my feet. Mugallu, the king of Tabala (24), who spoke outrageous speeches against the kings of my fathers, sent his own daughter with a rich dowry as a concubine to Nineveh and kissed my feet. I appointed an annual tribute to Mugalla by horses.
Sandasharme of Cilicia (25), who did not bow before kings, my fathers, who did not drag their yoke, sent his own daughter with a rich dowry to be my concubine in Nineveh and kissed my feet.
When Yakinlu, the king of Arvad, died (literally: he set up his mountain), Aziba "al, Abiba" al, Adunib "al, Sapatiba" al, Budiba "al, Ba" al-yashub, Ba "alkhanun, Ba" almaluk, Abimilk and Ahimilk, the sons of Akinlu, who lived in the midst of the sea, rose up from the midst of the sea, and with a heavy offering came and kissed my feet. I joyfully looked at Azib "ala and set him king in Arvad. Abiba" ala, Aduniba "ala, Sapatiba" ala, Budiba "ala, Ba" al-yashuba, Ba "alkhanuna, Ba" almaluk, Abimilk and Ahimilk I dressed in colorful clothes, humbled their fingers with golden rings and placed them before me.
Guggu (26), the king of Lydia (27), the region on the other side of the sea, - a distant place, whose name the kings, my fathers did not hear, - Ashur, the god, my creator, revealed my name in a dream, saying: “Embrace the legs of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, and in his name conquer your enemies." As soon as he saw this dream, he sent his messenger to greet me; about this dream that he saw, he [wrote and] sent me through his messenger, and he informed me. Since he embraced the feet of my kingship, with the help of Ashur and Ishtar, the gods, my lords, he subdued the Cimmerians (28), who oppressed his country, who were not afraid of my fathers, and did not hug my feet. From among the leaders [literally: chiefs of settlements] of the Cimmerians, whom he subdued, he chained two leaders in iron chains, bonds and shackles, and with a heavy offering he sent before me.
His messenger, whom he constantly sent to greet me, he [subsequently] withheld. Because he did not obey the orders of Ashur, the god, my creator, relied on his own strength and was proud of his heart, sent his troops for a military alliance with Pishamilku (29), the king of Egypt, who threw off the yoke of my dominion, I, having heard, prayed to Ashur and Ishtar: “Let his corpse be thrown before his enemies, let his bones be pulled apart!” As I asked Assur, so it was done, and his corpse was thrown before his enemies, and his bones were taken away. The Cimmerians, whom he trampled under my feet with my name, rose up and overthrew all his country.
Then his son sat on his throne, about the evil deed that the gods, my helpers, did against his father at my prayer, he [wrote to me and] sent with his messenger and hugged the feet of my royalty. “You are the king whom the gods know! You cursed my father, and evil was done to him; bless me, a servant (30), who honors you, and let me drag your yoke!
Transl. I. M. Dyakonova.
1. Ancient names of the regions of the north. Arabia. In this era, they were no longer applied to Arabia, but to Egypt and Ethiopia.
2. Taharka - the third king of the Ethiopian (XXV) dynasty (706-668 BC).
3. Assyrian king Esarhaddon, father of Ashurbanipal (681-668 BC).
4. Chief god Assyria, head of the pantheon.
5. The most ancient Babylonian goddess, the center of her cult was mountains. Uruk.
6. A city in Egypt - a stopia of the country in the era of the Old Kingdom, on the border of Upper and Lower Egypt, near modern. Cairo.
7. City in Egypt
8. "Lord" - the Semitic name of the god Enlil. Often identified with Marduk.
9. See note. 24 to the Code of Hammurabi.
10. A technical expression meaning incorporation into Assyria, usually with settlement by Assyrians.
11. Egyptian cities located in the Delta.
12. Necho, father of Psammetichus I; he should not be confused with the grandson of Pharaoh Necho (611-595 BC).
13. Psammetichus I, founder of the XXVI dynasty (665-611 BC).
14. An Egyptian city located in the Delta.
15. Tanuatamon, king of Ethiopia, who briefly captured Egypt (about 660 BC).
16. Shabaka, 726-718 BC e. (Greek Sebakon), - the founder of the XXV (Ethiopian) dynasty in Egypt.
17. Egyptian city, located in Lower Egypt, about 10 kilometers north of modern. Cairo.
18. Location unknown.
19. Zahalu - probably an electron (an alloy of gold and silver).
20. 75 tons.
21. See note. 7 to the "Annals of Sennacherib".
22. That is, he lived in the island part of Tyre, besieged by the Assyrians.
23. See note. 24 to the Battle of Karkar.
24. People in the eastern part of M. Asia.
25. See note. 21 to the Battle of Karkar.
26. Greek. Gyges.
27. Rich and powerful state in the western part of M. Asia.
28. The people who lived in the Black Sea and Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov; in the VIII-VII centuries. they invaded Asia Minor through the Caucasus and devastated Urartu, Assyria, Phrygia and Lydia.
29. Psammetich I.
30. Apparently, a play on words: the son of Gyges was called Ardis, which in Akkadian would sound "ardu" - a slave.
Popular site articles from the section "Dreams and Magic"
Why do dead people dream?
There is a strong belief that dreams about dead people do not belong to the horror genre, but, on the contrary, are often prophetic dreams. So, for example, it is worth listening to the words of the dead, because all of them are usually direct and truthful, unlike the allegories that other characters in our dreams utter ...) - the god of war, the warrior god, the main deity of the ancient Assyrians, who later entered the pantheon of the Sumerian-Akkadian gods.
Fragment of an Assyrian bas-relief depicting Ashur
Ashur is the city god of the Assyrian capital of the same name. As befits a local deity, Ashur was associated with Mount Epih, dedicated to him. The temple of this god in Assur bore the Sumerian name E-harsag-kur-kurra, which means "House of the mountain of lands." Ashur was originally the tribal god of the Assyrians. For a long time he was not considered associated with natural phenomena, but was at first the patron god of hunting and was most often depicted as a hunter with a bow, along with bulls - the favorite animals of the Assyrians. Subsequently, when the era of constant wars began and when the city of Ashur became the center of the most powerful state of that time, Ashur became mainly the god of wars. Theologians endowed him with all the regalia of the ruler of the universe, the creator and organizer of the cosmos and made him the father of the gods. Ashur's wife in this era of Assyrian conquests was proclaimed the goddess Ishtar. The king of Assyria himself was the high priest of Ashur.
Sources
M. B. Ladygin, O. M. Ladygina Brief mythological dictionary - M .: Publishing house of the NOU "Polar Star", 2003.
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .
Synonyms:See what "Ashur" is in other dictionaries:
In Akkadian mythology, the central deity of the Assyrian pantheon. Initially, the patron god of the city of Ashur (the main temple of Ehursagkurkurra). The rise of A. is associated with the strengthening of the political influence in Assyria of the city of Ashur. As the supreme deity A... Encyclopedia of mythology
The main deity of the Assyrian pantheon, the patron god of the city of Ashur. With the growth of the political influence of the city, the god Ashur received the functions of a military deity, the god of judge, the god of wisdom ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
In the myths of the Akkadians, the patron god of the city of Ashur, then the supreme deity of the Assyrians, who received the titles and epithets of the Sumerian god Enlil. Assur's emblem is a winged sun disk. On the monuments of the 2nd-1st millennium BC usually depicted as a god... Historical dictionary
- (Assur) a city in Assyria (now the ruins of Kalat Shergat in Iraq). At the end of the 3rd millennium, the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. Ashur was a city-state ruled by a ruler together with a council of elders. From the middle of the 2nd millennium, the capital of Assyria (from 9 ... ... Historical dictionary
Assur, an ancient sacred city in Assyria (now the settlement of Kalat Shargat in Iraq), the burial place of the Assyrian kings. At the end of the 3rd beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. e. city state. In the middle of the 2nd millennium of the 9th c. BC e. capital ... ... Art Encyclopedia
Ashur - god with a pigeon tail
At first, he was considered only the patron of the city of Ashur, but then the same thing happened to this god as it once happened to the Babylonian Marduk: from a city patron, he turned into the main deity of the Assyrian state. All Assyrians called themselves his sons, prayers and hymns were addressed to him, he walked ahead of the victorious kings and received their letters-relations addressed to "Ashur in his own hands."
And who were the rest of the Assyrian gods?
You know them very well, here they stand at a distance, modestly downcast eyes: Enlil, Anu, Adad, Eya, Ishtar and Ninurta ... True to their habits, the Assyrians not only dragged the golden statue of Marduk from Babylon, but also borrowed the entire pantheon there, setting it up on his summit of his beloved Ashur.
The more power the Assyrian power gained, the more impudent its supreme god became: soon he unceremoniously appropriated the epithets of Enlil and his wife Nin li l, took away the honorary position of the arbiter of destinies from An, borrowed the judicial functions of Utu-Shamash and pushed Ninurta, the god of war, into the background. With much more effort, he managed to play the role of the sage, borrowed from Aya; as for Marduk, he suffered the most. Being too lazy to come up with a biography for their supreme god, the Assyrian priests, without hesitation, simply took and rewrote the Babylonian poem "Enuma Elish", mechanically replacing in it (and even then, by negligence, not everywhere) Marduk with Ashur. Thus, this multifaceted personality also turned out to be the conqueror of Tiamat, the creator of people and the whole world.
What did this divine genius-universal look like? Most often, he was depicted as a warrior with a bow or as a man, below the bust of which there was a pigeon's tail enclosed in a wheel. There are also stylized drawings of Assur in the form of a wheel with pigeon wings or in the form of a circle with a pigeon's tail.
It must be said that the dove has long been revered in Assyria as a sacred bird. And this is not surprising, if we recall the opinion of the Austrian ethnologist Konrad Lorenz, who considered pigeons to be one of the most cruel representatives of the animal world. Lorenz illustrated his opinion with a rather terrible example: once he locked two doves in one cage. different types Hoping the birds will make up loving couple. When, after some time, he looked into the cage, a terrible sight appeared before his eyes: a meek turtledove sat on the torn body of her failed husband, furiously pecking him with her beak every time he made a weak attempt to move ...
The worshipers of Ashur, a god from the pigeon family, treated their defeated enemies in much the same way.
In addition to him, the Assyrians prayed to Anu, Nergal, Ishtar (moreover, the latter was considered by them either as a daughter or as the wife of Ashur, having split into Ishtar of Nineveh and Ishtar of Arbel), and also to Adada. Bad was the Assyrian king, who did not compare his deeds with the destructive deeds of the thunder god! The Sumerian tradition portrayed Adad with a lightning dagger in his hand, the Hittite - with a double ax; impressionable Assyrians adopted both traditions.
Impressibility made them also adopt many of the superstitions of the Babylonians. In Assyrian houses, as in Babylonian ones, there were a lot of amulets and figurines of gods to protect against evil spirits: an image of the demon of the southeast wind was usually hung over the doors and on the terraces, a figurine of Nergal was buried under the threshold, the figurines of Eyi were placed on guard at the door and Marduk. Twice a day, food and bowls of drink were placed in a corner of the gods in payment for protection.
No less than the Babylonians, the Assyrians resorted to divination. Guessed for any reason and the most different ways: by the flight of birds, by the fluctuation of the flame of a lamp, by the liver of a sheep; made astrological horoscopes. But practical medicine in Assyria eventually completely came to naught, even at the royal court, only priests-spell-casters treated diseases, using Sumerian texts dating back almost to antediluvian times.
Borrowed religion, stolen cosmogony, literature written off from Sumerian-Akkadian-Babylonian models, handicrafts made in imitation of the Phoenicians, architecture borrowed from the Hittites - did the Assyrians have anything of their own ?!
How it was! In some respects, the worshipers of the pigeon god Assur truly knew no equal, namely, in military affairs.